Study of the Management and Recovery of Biodegradable Waste in the City of Kankan,Guinea

This research,carried out during September and October 2020 in the city of Kankan,made it possible to take stock of the city’s household waste management.The quantities of waste from the four main landfills in the city are assessed,namely:Sogbè(1350.3 m^(3)),Station(195.5 m^(3)),Station University of Kankan(2491.5 m^(3))and Salamani(369.6 m^(3)).Waste from three landfills/dumps was characterized for 26 days.This characterization covered 5,010.6 kg of waste,composed of 4263.9 kg of organic matter,462.1 kg of recyclable matter and 284.6 kg of inorganic matter.The survey concerned a target population of 403 inhabitants,which made it possible to determine a production ratio per habitant per day of(0.48 kg/habitant/d).Finally,a composting experiment of 2000 kg of organic matter was carried out.The results obtained during this study constitute the basic elements allowing defining a better policy of management of household solid waste in the city of Kankan.

Characterization of Household Solid Waste and Management in Tripoli City—Libya

Waste stream characteristics must be understood to tackle waste management problem in Tripoli city, Libya. It is recognized that information on both quantity and composition of generation waste is important for the effective planning of household waste handling infrastructure. So, this study is aimed to evaluating the generation, composition and density of household solid waste in Tripoli city, Libya. The study is carried out according to the Annex 2.1 of: WHO 1996. It was conducted during one week in summer, autumn and winter 2011/2012. The daily household solid waste generation assessment has been carried out for 150 Libyan families where 947 people in three main parts of Tripoli city have been chosen randomly. A questionnaire was prepared according to Buenrostro et al. 2001 and Raje et al. 2001 using door-to-door surveying. The result showed that the average of total generation quantity, daily generation rate, total volume and density were 1415 kg, 0.64 kg/person/day, 19.3 m3 and 74.4 kg/m3 respectively in Tripoli city. Household solid waste contains 36.3% organic matter and 32.5% recyclable materials (glass, paper, plastic, metals). The total generation quantity, daily generation rate, total volume and density were in Tripoli city agreed with those for African and Arabic countries. But the problem is that Tripoli suffers from insufficient municipal solid waste management and lack of sanitary landfills.

A survey of the influencing factors and models for resident＇s household waste management behavior

The problem of household solid waste has been concerned and researched on by municipalities and researchers.At present, household solid waste has been changed to management problem from technical one. From the point view ofmanagement, the research on household solid waste is to study the factors which influence resident’s behavior ofmanaging their waste. Based on the literature review, firstly, this paper summarizes those factors which have alreadybeen identified to have impact on resident’s behavior of managing their waste. They are social-demographic variables,knowledge, environmental values, psychological factors, publicity and system design. Secondly, three typical models ofthe relationship between factors and behavior, which are factors determining task performance in waste management,conceptualization of waste management behavior and the theoretical model of repeated behavior on household wastemanagement, are analyzed and the deficiencies of these models are also analyzed. Finally, according to the currentsituation in household waste management and the culture and resident’s habits in China, this paper puts forward aresearch focus and suggestions about resident’s behavior of household solid waste management.

Household Solid Waste Awareness and Practices among Residents of Windhoek, Namibia

This study explores household solid waste management (HSWM) practices and awareness among residents of Windhoek West, a rapidly urbanizing constituency in the Khomas Region of Namibia. Employing a descriptive methodology, the research investigates the interplay between public awareness, regulatory frameworks, and the availability of waste management facilities to assess their impact on waste management behaviors. Our findings indicate significant gaps in both knowledge and infrastructure that hinder effective waste management. The study reveals that while there is a high willingness among residents to engage in recycling and waste reduction, actual practices are limited due to inadequate facilities and lack of stringent enforcement of waste policies. This research identifies key factors that influence waste management practices, including demographic characteristics and access to waste management facilities. It also proposes actionable strategies such as expanding recycling and sorting facilities, enhancing educational campaigns tailored to local needs, and implementing regular enforcement mechanisms. These strategies are aimed at improving compliance with waste management protocols and fostering a culture of environmental responsibility. The results of this investigation show the critical role of ongoing education and infrastructural improvement in bridging existing knowledge gaps and facilitating effective waste management practices. This research lays a foundational step toward enhancing sustainable urban development and effective waste management in Windhoek, providing valuable insights for policymakers, community leaders, and stakeholders engaged in urban environmental management.

Analysis of Post-Consumer Solid Textile Waste Management among Households in Oyo State of Nigeria

This research work viewed issues relating to post-consumers’ solid textile waste management among households from a sociological perspective. The study was carried out in Oyo state of Nigeria. It specifically identified sources of post-consumer solid textiles waste, assessed waste management practices in the study area and, examined knowledge of respondent’s on impact of post-consumers solid textile waste on the environment. Eight Local Government Areas were randomly selected from the state and, multistage random sampling procedure was applied in selecting 880 households for the study. Solid wastes generated by each of this household were collected twice a week. Sensitive and micro-census calibrated scale machine and weighing balance was employed in taking weight of the sorted textile wastes. Calibrated cylinder of radius 10 cm and height 40 cm was used in taking volume of the shredded waste. Mean value of post-consumer solid textile waste generated by individual was 0.11 kg ± 0.08, of volume 354 cm3 per day. Major identified waste disposal systems practiced by the respondents were open land surface dumping and open air burning. The respondents (100%) strongly agreed that, wastes are often discards indiscriminately in the street by individuals. Level of awareness on danger created by poor waste disposal system among 78% of the respondents was low. None of the respondents have training on waste management neither is there any accessible training center in the studied area. Part of procedures to solve environmental problems can be by raising levels of awareness of individual household’s, markets and institutional sectors on danger posed by poor handling of textile wastes to life and the environment, and be trained on waste management techniques. A functional and practically ideal waste management scheme should be established by the various organs of government mostly at the Local Government Area levels, and some investors could also be encouraged in instituting such schemes. Research institutes in the country should develop appropriate technologies and trainings on waste management. Apart from salvaging the environment, such schemes will also provide job to cushion poverty mitigation in Nigeria.

Measuring the Public Awareness toward Household Waste Management in Muharraq Governorate-Kingdom of Bahrain

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation is growing rapidly as compared to the rate of urbanization. Household waste management is considered a highly challenging task for Bahrain’s policy-makers, urban planners and municipalities due to rising population, burgeoning growth rate of waste generation, limited availability of land and scarce waste disposal sites. Public awareness represents a key enabler in order to succeed any sustainable waste management practice in the country. The survey aimed at gauging public awareness about household waste management in Muharraq Governorate and explored if there are any correlations between educational level, gender, occupation and age and area of living with the level of public awareness as well as its three components: knowledge, attitude and behaviour of the people in Muharraq Governorate. The results indicated the total awareness is significantly different across different age levels and nationality. Moreover, it shows a high public awareness toward household waste management among people in Muharraq Governorate, which indicated that the society is aware and has the basics to build on in terms of sustainable waste management practices and technologies adoption, which may help overcome the possible social barrier represented by low public awareness.

Household Waste Management;Voices of Residents of Anaocha Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria

Background: Waste management is the generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of social waste. The various methods of waste disposal include: recycling, composting, barging, burying, landfills method, incineration, and the use of mechanical destructors. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of house hold waste management among the respondents and the factors affecting their choice of method. Methodology: This was a cross sectional descriptive study. There were 270 respondents. The study was carried out among households in Anaocha LGA of Anambra state. The study made use of a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Result: Majority had good knowledge of waste management and portrayed good attitude towards waste management practices. The commonest method of waste disposal practiced by the community was burning and majority practiced the various methods because the methods were convenient for them. Conclusion: The study showed that people, despite having good knowledge and attitude towards waste management still practiced wrong methods.

Generation, Characterization and Management Practices of Household Solid Wastes in Cowfield, Paynesville City, Liberia

The success of any waste management system requires accurate and up-to-date data on quantity, composition of waste. Waste generation data from household are needed to address issues relating to municipal solid wastes such as management method, performance improvement, policy, regional and local planning, administrative, cost accounting, design and operation of landfill facilities and environmental quality. This study was conducted to provide empirical data on generation rates, quantity and composition, management practices, challenges and strategies from urban household. Waste collection, weighing, questionnaires survey and field observation were methods used during the study. Waste was collected and weighed from 60 households using multi-stage sampling technique for seven days. Questionnaires were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 and Excel. A total of 1125.2 kg of waste was recorded. The average household waste generation was 3 kg per day with per capita generation rate of 0.41 kg/cap/day. The compositional analysis showed that Organic (53%), Plastic (11%), Textile (6%), Metal (2%), Glass (1%), Paper and Cardboard 4% and others (22%). Solid waste management practices are very rudimentary. Burning (53.7%) and Open Dumping (30%) were found to be the most commonly used method of disposal with very limited collection service (33.3%) and segregation. The most challenges faced by households were communal disposal area (66.7%) and waste service providers (21.7%) storage bins (11.6%). Waste to energy (48.3%) and compositing (23.3%) were the most considered option for waste management by the respondents.

Small-Scale Household Biogas Digesters as a Viable Option for Energy Recovery and Global Warming Mitigation--Vietnam Case Study

Biogas from livestock waste is considered as clean and renewable energy in Vietnam. In the last 20 years, in rural and remote areas of Vietnam, there has been a significant increase of small-scale household biogas digesters. Biogas digesters create the benefits of replacing energy and mitigation of climate change caused by greenhouse gas （GHG） emission and deforestation for firewood and charcoal. Livestock waste produces approximately 85 million tonnes every year and continues to increase, meaning there are huge feedstocks for biogas digesters to meet the energy demands in households. However, there are also many constraints on the development programme for small-scale household biogas digester. In Vietnam, the socio-economic situation and the lack of a sustainable energy policy for biogas from livestock sector are hindering the growth of the biogas digester industry. Government subsidies are needed to encourage farmers to participate. This paper will be helpful not only for the sustainable development of household biogas in Vietnam, but also for the developing program of biogas generation in developing countries with similar agricultural economies to Vietnam.

Workplace Health Interventions and Physical Fitness Status among Managers of Small-Scale Enterprises in Norway and Sweden

Background: The ability of managers of small-scale enterprises (SSEs) to prioritize health, working conditions, and their own physical fitness is an important issue for workplace health promotion in Norway and Sweden, where most owner-manager positions are in SSEs. Aim: To assess the physical fitness status of SSE managers compared to a norm population and to study changes in physical fitness status, self-reported physical activity, and sickness outcomes after workplace health interventions. Methods: The study allocated SSE managers to either an intervention or a reference group. The intervention, over twelve months, consisted of motivational input related to lifestyle and physical activity through tests and feedback, individual support, and courses on health and psychosocial working conditions. The participants (N = 28) completed health screening checks, questionnaires and testing before and after the intervention. Results: SSE managers in the study had positive outcomes for BMI levels and strength compared to the norm population, while percentage of fat for both men and women indicated poor results. There were no further improvements in the intervention group after comparison with the reference group. Separately, both groups seemed to improve strength and body composition. Conclusion: Workplace health interventions with essentially motivational components may increase SSE managers’ attention to physical fitness, but appear to have limited effects on objective and subjective physical fitness outcomes.

Do Land Characteristics Affect Farmers' Soil Fertility Management?

Soil fertility management （SFM） has important implications for sustaining agricultural development and food self-sufifciency. Better understanding the determinants of farmers’ SFM can be a great help to the adoption of effective SFM practices. Based on a dataset of 315 plots collected from a typical rice growing area of South China, this study applied statistical method and econometric models to examine the impacts of land characteristics on farmers’ SFM practices at plot scale. Main results showed that in general land characteristics affected SFM behaviors. Securer land tenure arrangements facilitated effective practices of SFM through more diversiifed and more soil-friendly cropping pattern choices. Plot size signiifcantly reduced the intensities of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application. Given other factors, 1 ha increase in plot size might reduce 3.0 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 1.8 kg ha-1 K2O. Plots far from the homestead were paid less attention in terms of both chemical fertilizers and manure applications. Besides, plots with better quality were put more efforts on management by applying more nitrogen and manure, and by planting green manure crops. Signiifcant differences existed in SFM practices between the surveyed villages with different socio-economic conditions. The ifndings are expected to provide important references to the policy-making incentive for improving soil quality and crop productivity.

Problems and Countermeasures of Working Capital Management in Company V

Working capital is the premise for the production and operation of an enterprise and the basis for all financial management.The management of working capital has gained more attention by enterprises.The purpose of emphasizing the importance of working capital management is to enable enterprises to make full and efficient use of capital.There is a serious shortage of working capital in China's home appliance manufacturing industry,and with the rapid development of home appliance manufacturing industry,the problem is becoming increasingly prominent.Therefore,improving the management level of working capital,optimizing the structure of capital,and improving the efficiency of working capital should become the most important part in the process of daily production and operation.This article selects company V as the research subject as it has representative problems in working capital management.Drawing on the theoretical method of taking elements as the core,this article focuses on the analysis of each working capital project and the development status of the company as a whole,determmes the problems in the aspects of current assets and infbnnation communication in regard to the working capital management of company V as well as puts forward several suggestions in terms of current assets management.In order to improve the working capital management level of company V9 we hope that the improvement suggestions derived from the combination of theory and practical analysis can provide some reference for other enterprises in the household appliance manufacturing industry.

基于多时间尺度的户用光储能量管理策略

针对光伏出力的波动导致户用光储系统能量优化不确定性的问题,提出了一种多时间尺度能量管理策略。在日前阶段,综合考虑分时电价、储能系统的寿命和负荷的可控性,建立了以用户用电成本、储能运行成本和环境成本最小化为目标的调度模型;在日内阶段,基于模型预测控制(model prediction control,MPC)并参考日前调度计划进行实时调度能量优化,矫正光伏出力的预测偏差,在不影响用户舒适度的前提下降低系统运行成本。最后,仿真结果验证了所提能量管理策略的经济性和有效性。

农地经营权属性如何影响规模经营户耕地质量保护行为?

基于常州市1532个规模经营户样本数据,采用两阶段估计策略,实证分析农地经营权属性对规模经营者耕地质量保护行为的影响。结果表明:农地经营权债权属性占优时,农地产权稳定性与完整性相对较低,规模经营户更倾向于采取耕地质量保护行为;农地经营权物权属性占优时,农地产权稳定性、完整性较强,规模经营户采取耕地质量保护行为的概率反而较低。此外,农技培训、农地经营规模、参与农业经营组织与农业保险等经历对农地经营者耕地质量保护行为具有促进作用。据此,建议采取农地经营权属性分类引导的耕地质量保护激励措施,促进农地经营权流转法律制度与耕地质量保护协同发展。

区块链技术下垃圾分类管理平台的试验及熵权-云模型评价

文章基于区块链技术(blockchain technology,BT)的去中心化、可溯源性、不可篡改和激励机制4大特征,构建具有积分激励、宣传教育、线上交易和数据溯源功能的区块链技术下垃圾分类管理平台,并选取合肥市某垃圾分类试点小区进行试验,通过2022年1—9月的问卷调查、实地采样和物理组分分析检验平台的垃圾分类管理效果。结果表明:可回收垃圾回收潜力较试验前增长20.4%,厨余垃圾混杂率降低23.5%;截止到9月公众支持率和参与率超95%,违规事件成功溯源率达83.2%。同时文章首次引入熵权-云模型对区块链平台的垃圾分类管理的试验效果进行评价分析,结果表明,S1(1—3月)、S2(4—6月)、S3(7—9月)试验阶段的垃圾分类管理综合确定度分别为2.53、2.66、2.82,综合评价等级分别为Ⅳ(较差)、Ⅲ(中等)和Ⅱ(良好)。区块链技术下垃圾分类管理平台能够解决垃圾分类过程中分类质量差、公众参与度低等普遍性问题,适用于我国强制性垃圾分类的时代要求。熵权-云模型能考虑问卷调查和采样结果的随机性,实现定性概念到定量数据的转变,在垃圾分类管理领域具有创新性和可行性。

农村承包经营户破产能力证成与实现路径

我国“三农”领域基础法律制度是“三农”法治化发展的重要支撑和保障,但在回应建设高效农村市场、健全统一市场规则和制度体系方面仍显不足。农村承包经营户作为我国农村市场中占据绝对多数的生产经营主体,其市场退出机制至今仍处于缺位状态,一旦陷入债务危机,则难以顺利退出市场。因而,有必要对农村承包经营户破产能力问题进行证成,探讨其破产能力的实现路径。对此,一方面应从经济学理论维度、国家政策维度与法学维度,论证农村承包经营户的破产能力;另一方面,应在公法视域下,确定赋予农村承包经营户破产能力的基本遵循,探寻农村承包经营户破产的立法模式,明确《个人破产法》中农村承包经营户破产适用规则的特殊性以及农户破产后的土地经营权处置,全面保障我国农村承包经营户的合法权益。

农户分化对农户林地承包经营不履责行为的影响

依据2021年南方集体林区4个省400个样本农户的调查数据,分别采用Logit模型及中介效应模型研究农户分化对农户林地承包经营不履责行为的现实影响。研究表明:农户分化对农户林地承包不履责行为的发生及规模具有显著正向影响;高分化程度农户与较低分化程度农户相比,农户林地承包不履责行为受户主特征及林地特征因素影响更为显著;农户分化能够通过提高村内林业生产资本投资对农户林地承包经营不履责行为产生抑制性影响。故此,应在建立农户林地承包经营履责约束机制以及差异化激励机制以促进农户林地承包责任制落实的同时,通过强化引导和扩大林业资本投资的林业财政金融支持政策来抑制和克服农户分化对农户林地承包经营不履责行为的影响。

构建嵌套于城市碳账户下的可计算城乡家庭碳账户框架

家庭作为社会最小单元,是消费端的主要参与主体。在消费端基础上确立碳排放责任,有助于厘清基于利益相关者降低碳排放的动力机制。目前个人碳普惠管理实践过程中仍存在消费引发的碳排放边界难以说清、个人负碳市场交易逻辑复杂、个人减排逻辑道义纠结、缺乏稳定的管理体系等问题。若以家庭端作为制度安排和市场交易的基础,建立城乡家庭碳账户就是核心基石。本研究目标为初步构建家庭碳账户框架,明确其账户范围、边界、计算方法和与城市碳账户和个人碳捕获衔接的可扩展逻辑。综述了现有个人碳账户和家庭碳账户的研究现状,基于我国碳排放管理特色,构建城乡家庭碳账户体系,包含资产、权益、负债三大子账户,确定了家庭碳账户核算边界、抽样方式和计算方法。并进一步解释了城乡家庭碳账户与城市碳账户的链接嵌套逻辑,设计了城乡家庭碳账户参与城市碳配额管理的方式,以及区别了城乡家庭碳账户与个人碳普惠。从账户的角度出发,将家庭碳账户与碳市场相结合,“有形的手”碳配额市场与“无形的手”碳减排权益市场相结合,共同为家庭消费端碳减排提供了新的思路,并在一定程度避免了不同核算边界下的责任重叠问题,易于与我国碳管理体系衔接。本文提出的城乡家庭碳账户可作为适应中国碳管理特色的精细化深度减排的重要工具,对以家庭为单元的碳排放额度分配、减排及交易,深度推进碳普惠的激励机制设计,调动城市多级嵌套的碳减体系等具有基础支撑作用。

“事业家庭相得益彰”——女性劳动参与对家庭经济脆弱性影响研究

老龄化社会加剧叠加男性劳动供给缺乏弹性,女性劳动参与的边际效应增强,微观上有助于改善家庭收入结构,宏观上有助于推动经济社会可持续发展。基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)微观数据,研究了女性劳动参与对家庭经济脆弱性的影响。研究发现:女性劳动参与会在1%水平上显著降低家庭经济脆弱性,这种影响经过内生性检验及多种稳健性检验后仍然稳健。这是由于女性劳动参与可以增加家庭社会资本、金融资本、应急储蓄以及商业医疗保险投入,从而增强家庭风险管理能力;这种影响在工资水平较高的地区以及健康状况较差的群体中更明显;此外,高质量就业对降低家庭经济脆弱性具有更显著效果,有利于女性就业的产业结构从外部助推了这种影响。研究有助于完善家庭经济脆弱性的性别结构分析,政府应进一步保证就业市场的性别平等,这可增强家庭经济韧性,推动社会经济可持续发展。

集体统筹与中国式农业现代化的可能路径

有关农业现代化的讨论通常围绕农业规模化展开。要理解中国式农业现代化的独特性,需要将之放在与全球其他国家对比的基础上。西方国家的农业现代化转型是为了给自己的工业化提供条件,但中国今天的农业现代化转型发生在工业化的中后期,发生在城市工商资本过剩的背景下,因而中国农业转型受到了资本下乡的推动。从中国农业规模化的实践来看,常见的有土地规模化和服务规模化两种路径,但这两种路径都是由资本主导的,小农户被锁定在利润低、风险高的生产环节,总体上处于被动地位。由于中国仍有大量的小农户只能依赖农业收益来维持生计,因而中国的农业现代化要考虑如何在保护小农户的基础上实现规模经营,保证粮食安全。在土地集体所有制之下,一些地区探索了以保护小农户为基础的农业规模化实践。村集体通过对细碎土地的整合,或通过将小农户组织起来对接公共服务或市场化服务,也可以推动农业规模经营。以小农户组织化为基础的农业现代化,是中国式农业现代化不同于他国的独特创新。中国式农业现代化的实现涉及道路选择问题,要发展小农户组织化为基础的农业现代化,需要为村集体的统筹经营留出空间。