In recent years, China has been frequented by floods and droughts which has greatly evoked much concern from the Central Government about rural water conservancy construction. Irrigation is closely related to the &quo...In recent years, China has been frequented by floods and droughts which has greatly evoked much concern from the Central Government about rural water conservancy construction. Irrigation is closely related to the "three rural" issues and concerns about the vital interests of farmers. To achieve a virtuous circle of agricultural water supply, it is necessary and urgent to establish Farmer Water User Association (FWUA) to participate in the construction, management and maintenance of small-scale irrigation system. Based on the survey on nationwide "Small-scale irrigation conditions", the roles of FWUA in the construction, management and maintenance of small-scale water conservancy have studied in this study.展开更多
In an attempt to identify solutions to the effects of erratic rainfall patterns and droughts that limit agricultural production growth,the Rwandan government has recently increased investments in irrigation developmen...In an attempt to identify solutions to the effects of erratic rainfall patterns and droughts that limit agricultural production growth,the Rwandan government has recently increased investments in irrigation development.In this study,we analyze the adoption of small-scale irrigation technologies(SSITs)and its impact on land productivity using cross-sectional data from a sample of 360 farmers in Rwanda.The study uses the propensity score matching technique to address potential self-selection bias.Our results reveal that adoption decisions are significantly influenced by factors such as education,farm size,group membership,gender,extension services,access to credit,access to weather forecast information,risk perceptions,access to a reliable source of water for irrigation,awareness of rainwater harvesting techniques,and awareness of subsidy programs.In addition,the results show that the adoption of SSITs has a significantly positive impact on land productivity.The study concludes with policy implications that highlight the need to promote the adoption of SSITs among farmers as a strategy to improve agricultural productivity and food security in Rwanda.展开更多
Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates ir...Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates irrigation efficiency with a translog stochastic frontier production function and then investigates what happens when extreme weather events occur via a Tobit model. The estimated results reveal several important features of irrigation practices: i) irrigation efficiency is lower when extreme weather events occur; ii) large variations in irrigation efficiency occur across irrigation facilities; iii) the farm plots exhibit an extreme distribution across efficiency levels; and iv) water-saving techniques, technology adoption, and the maintenance of farmers’ economic resilience are major determinants of irrigation efficiency. Based on these results we propose the following recommendations: i) farmers should balance crop yield and water use; undertake relevant training programs and adopt water-saving techniques; ii) local governments and researchers should help farmers to find the optimal level of irrigation water use based on their own circumstances and provide better water-saving techniques and training programs rather than simply encouraging farmers to invest in irrigation facilities in the most extreme weather years; and iii) the income level of farm households should be increased so as to improve their resilience to natural disasters.展开更多
【目的】研究兰州市黄壤土条件下不同滴灌方式对设施黄瓜生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】分别运用滴箭式膜下滴灌、内镶贴片式膜下滴灌、垄膜沟灌及水肥耦合处理方式对设施黄瓜理化性状、产量和品质的影响,采用三因素三水平正交试验,利...【目的】研究兰州市黄壤土条件下不同滴灌方式对设施黄瓜生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】分别运用滴箭式膜下滴灌、内镶贴片式膜下滴灌、垄膜沟灌及水肥耦合处理方式对设施黄瓜理化性状、产量和品质的影响,采用三因素三水平正交试验,利用方差和回归分析得出三因素影响的最优组合方案。【结果】三因素对植株理化性状的影响不大,但对其果实的理化性状、产量、品质和水分利用率极显著,影响顺序为滴灌模式>灌水量>施肥量。三因素最优组合为滴箭式膜下滴灌:灌水量66.13 m 3/hm^(2),施肥量为25.2 kg/hm^(2),日光温室黄瓜的最高产量为256942.52 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】滴箭式膜下滴灌和内镶贴片式膜下滴灌均能在不影响设施黄瓜产量和品质的前提下,节水节肥节本,其中以滴箭式膜下滴灌效果最佳。展开更多
文摘In recent years, China has been frequented by floods and droughts which has greatly evoked much concern from the Central Government about rural water conservancy construction. Irrigation is closely related to the "three rural" issues and concerns about the vital interests of farmers. To achieve a virtuous circle of agricultural water supply, it is necessary and urgent to establish Farmer Water User Association (FWUA) to participate in the construction, management and maintenance of small-scale irrigation system. Based on the survey on nationwide "Small-scale irrigation conditions", the roles of FWUA in the construction, management and maintenance of small-scale water conservancy have studied in this study.
基金This work was supported by the Research Scholarship of Chungnam National University,South Korea.
文摘In an attempt to identify solutions to the effects of erratic rainfall patterns and droughts that limit agricultural production growth,the Rwandan government has recently increased investments in irrigation development.In this study,we analyze the adoption of small-scale irrigation technologies(SSITs)and its impact on land productivity using cross-sectional data from a sample of 360 farmers in Rwanda.The study uses the propensity score matching technique to address potential self-selection bias.Our results reveal that adoption decisions are significantly influenced by factors such as education,farm size,group membership,gender,extension services,access to credit,access to weather forecast information,risk perceptions,access to a reliable source of water for irrigation,awareness of rainwater harvesting techniques,and awareness of subsidy programs.In addition,the results show that the adoption of SSITs has a significantly positive impact on land productivity.The study concludes with policy implications that highlight the need to promote the adoption of SSITs among farmers as a strategy to improve agricultural productivity and food security in Rwanda.
基金supported by the State Social Science Funds of China (14BGL093)the Specialized Research Fund for the Jointed Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20124105110006)the International Development Research Center (107093-001)
文摘Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates irrigation efficiency with a translog stochastic frontier production function and then investigates what happens when extreme weather events occur via a Tobit model. The estimated results reveal several important features of irrigation practices: i) irrigation efficiency is lower when extreme weather events occur; ii) large variations in irrigation efficiency occur across irrigation facilities; iii) the farm plots exhibit an extreme distribution across efficiency levels; and iv) water-saving techniques, technology adoption, and the maintenance of farmers’ economic resilience are major determinants of irrigation efficiency. Based on these results we propose the following recommendations: i) farmers should balance crop yield and water use; undertake relevant training programs and adopt water-saving techniques; ii) local governments and researchers should help farmers to find the optimal level of irrigation water use based on their own circumstances and provide better water-saving techniques and training programs rather than simply encouraging farmers to invest in irrigation facilities in the most extreme weather years; and iii) the income level of farm households should be increased so as to improve their resilience to natural disasters.
文摘【目的】研究兰州市黄壤土条件下不同滴灌方式对设施黄瓜生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】分别运用滴箭式膜下滴灌、内镶贴片式膜下滴灌、垄膜沟灌及水肥耦合处理方式对设施黄瓜理化性状、产量和品质的影响,采用三因素三水平正交试验,利用方差和回归分析得出三因素影响的最优组合方案。【结果】三因素对植株理化性状的影响不大,但对其果实的理化性状、产量、品质和水分利用率极显著,影响顺序为滴灌模式>灌水量>施肥量。三因素最优组合为滴箭式膜下滴灌:灌水量66.13 m 3/hm^(2),施肥量为25.2 kg/hm^(2),日光温室黄瓜的最高产量为256942.52 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】滴箭式膜下滴灌和内镶贴片式膜下滴灌均能在不影响设施黄瓜产量和品质的前提下,节水节肥节本,其中以滴箭式膜下滴灌效果最佳。
