欧盟兽药上市许可途径介绍及EMA集中审评程序批准兽药情况分析

本文介绍了欧盟兽药上市许可途径,汇总了EMA(含EMEA)成立以来由集中审评程序(CP)批准的兽药情况,并从批准动物和批准用途等方面进行统计分析,希望能对我国的兽药研发和审评工作有一定指导意义。

Numerical investigation on the flow and power of small-sized multi-bladed straight Darrieus wind turbine

Straight Darrieus wind turbine has attractive characteristics such as the ability to accept wind from random direction and easy installation and maintenance. But its aerodynamic performance is very complicated,especially for the existence of dynamic stall. How to get better aerodynamic performance arouses lots of interests in the design procedure of a straight Darrieus wind turbine. In this paper,mainly the effects of number of blades and tip speed ratio are discussed. Based on the numerical investigation,an assumed asymmetric straight Darrieus wind turbine is proposed to improve the averaged power coefficient. As to the numerical method,the flow around the turbine is simulated by solving the 2D unsteady Navier-Stokes equation combined with continuous equation. The time marching method on a body-fitted coordinate system based on MAC (Marker-and-Cell) method is used. O-type grid is generated for the whole calculation domain. The characteristics of tangential and normal force are discussed related with dynamic stall of the blade. Averaged power coefficient per period of rotating is calculated to evaluate the eligibility of the turbine.

EMA数字孪生模型构建方法研究

为解决工程实践中机电作动器(EMA)的理论模型与实际运行数据无法实时交互和调整的问题,引入了数字孪生技术。首先从几何、物理、行为和规则四方面构建EMA孪生机理模型;其次基于BP神经网络建立了孪生数据模型,利用卡尔曼滤波实现孪生机理模型和孪生数据模型的融合;最后通过仿真验证了孪生机理模型和孪生数据模型的准确性和可行性。

k_(eff)uncertainty quantification and analysis due to nuclear data during the full lifetime burnup calculation for a small-sized prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor

To benefit from recent advances in modeling and computational algorithms,as well as the availability of new covariance data,sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are needed to quantify the impact of uncertain sources on the design parameters of small prismatic high-temperature gascooled reactors(HTGRs).In particular,the contribution of nuclear data to the k_(eff)uncertainty is an important part of the uncertainty analysis of small-sized HTGR physical calculations.In this study,a small-sized HTGR designed by China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.was selected for k_(eff)uncertainty analysis during full lifetime burnup calculations.Models of the cold zero power(CZP)condition and full lifetime burnup process were constructed using the Reactor Monte Carlo Code RMC for neutron transport calculation,depletion calculation,and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.For the sensitivity analysis,the Contribution-Linked eigenvalue sensitivity/Uncertainty estimation via Track length importance Characterization(CLUTCH)method was applied to obtain sensitive information,and the "sandwich" method was used to quantify the k_(eff)uncertainty.We also compared the k_(eff)uncertainties to other typical reactors.Our results show that ^(235)U is the largest contributor to k_(eff)uncertainty for both the CZP and depletion conditions,while the contribution of ^(239)Pu is not very significant because of the design of low discharge burnup.It is worth noting that the radioactive capture reaction of ^(28)Si significantly contributes to the k_(eff)uncertainty owing to its specific fuel design.However,the k_(eff)uncertainty during the full lifetime depletion process was relatively stable,only increasing by 1.12%owing to the low discharge burnup design of small-sized HTGRs.These numerical results are beneficial for neutronics design and core parameters optimization in further uncertainty propagation and quantification study for small-sized HTGR.

Assessment for Production and Operation Ability of Medium and Small-sized Enterprises Based on Neural Network

In order to improve production and operation ability of medium and small-sized enterprises, an assessment-index system of production and operation ability was proposed, and a corresponding assessment model was established based on BP neural network. The conjunction weights of the neural network were continuously modified from output layer to input layer in the process of neural network training to reduce the errors between the anticipated and actual outputs. The results from an example show that this method is reliable and feasible. The production and operation abilitv of an enterorise with assessed result of 0.833 is fairly oowerful, and that with assessed result of 0.644 is average.

Study on Contra-Rotating Small-Sized Axial Flow Hydro Turbine

It is thought that small hydropower generation is alternative energy, and the energy potential of small hydropower is large. The efficiency of small hydro turbines is lower than that of large one, and these small hydro turbine’s common problems are out of operation by foreign materials. Then, there are demands for small hydro turbines to keep high per- formance and wide flow passage. Therefore, we adopted contra-rotating rotors which can be expected to achieve high performance and low-solidity rotors with wide flow passage in order to accomplish high performance and stable opera- tion. Final goal on this study is development of an electric appliance type small hydro turbine which has high portability and makes an effective use of the unused small hydro power energy source. In the present paper, the performance and the internal flow conditions in detail of contra-rotating small-sized axial flow hydro turbine are shown as a first step of the research with the numerical flow analysis. Then, a capability adopting contra-rotating rotors to an electric appliance type small hydro turbine was discussed. Furthermore, the high performance design for it was considered by the numeri- cal analysis results.

Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Small-Sized Tomatoes

Tomatoes in Japan are generally cultivated under management systems that use chemical fertilizers and synthetic chemical pesticides. However, the continuous use of these fertilizers and pesticides damages the soil environment and reduces the number of soil microorganisms. Organic farming has a relatively low environmental impact compared to conventional farming techniques, but typically has lower and more unstable yields. In this study, we investigated the effect of organic and chemical fertilizer application on growth, yield, and quality of small-sized (cherry) tomatoes. Cherry tomatoes were cultivated using organic and chemical organic fertilizers. Average weight and lateral diameter were significantly higher under organic fertilizer than under chemical fertilizer. In addition, shoot dry weight was significantly higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. Lycopene content was significantly higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. The total carbon (TC), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available phosphoric (SP) and exchangeable potassium (SK) contents, C/N ratio, and pH were significantly higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. Bacterial biomass, nitrite (NO? 2-N) oxidation activity, nitrification (N) circulation activity, and phosphoric (P) circulation were higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. From these results, the study indicates that appropriate controls such as TC, total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio of organic fertilizer increased microbial biomass and enhanced nutrient circulation such as N circulation activity and P circulation activity. These results can be used to improve current organic farming practices and promote soil conservation.

Influence of Small-Size Contaminations on Thin Film Structural Properties

An approach for studying the influence of nano-particles on the structural properties of deposited thin films is proposed. It is based on the molecular dynamic modeling of the deposition process in the presence of contaminating nano-particles. The nano-particle is assumed to be immobile and its interaction with film atoms is described by a spherically symmetric potential. The approach is applied to the investigation of properties of silicon dioxide films. Visualization tools are used to investigate the porosity associated with nano-particles. The structure of the film near the nano-particle is studied using the radial distribution function. It is found that fluctuations of film density near the nano-particles are essentially different in the cases of low-energy and high-energy deposition processes.

Performance and Internal Flow of Contra-Rotating Small-Sized Cooling Fan

High pressure and large flow rate small-sized cooling fans are used for servers in data centers and there is a strong demand to increase its performance because of increase of quantity of heat from servers. Contra-rotating rotors have been adopted for some of high pressure and large flow rate cooling fans to meet the demand. The performance curve of the contra-rotating small-sized cooling fan with 40 mm square casing was investigated by an experimental apparatus and its internal flow condition was clarified by the numerical analysis. The fan static pressure of the front rotor was extremely low and it increased significantly at the rear rotor. The uniform flow was achieved at the inlet of the rear rotor because of the special shape of the casing between the front and rear rotors. On the other hand, the tip leakage flow was large enough to influence on the main flow of the test cooling fan by the design specification of high pressure with compact rotor diameter.

Internal Flow Condition between Front and Rear Rotor of Contra-Rotating Small-Sized Axial Fan at Low Flow Rate

Contra-rotating small-sized fans are used as cooling fans for electric equipment. The internal flow condition between the front and rear rotors of the contra-rotating small-sized fan is not known well especially at the low flow rate. Furthermore, the blade row distance between the front and rear rotors is an important parameter for the contra-rotating small-sized fan and its influence on the internal flow condition is not clarified at the low flow rate. Therefore, the internal flow condition of the contra-rotating small-sized fan at the low flow rate is investigated by the numerical analysis in this research. The numerical analysis results are validated by comparing the fan static pressure curves of the numerical results to the experimental results. The internal flow condition at the low flow rate is clarified using the numerical models of the different blade row distance L = 10 mm and 30 mm. In the present paper, pressure fluctuations phase locked each front and rear rotor’s rotation are shown and the influences of the wake and the potential interference are discussed by the unsteady numerical analysis results at the low flow rate.

EMA直线作动器的参数测量试验台

EMA直线作动器的参数测量试验台是一种用于测试EMA(Electro-Magnetic Actuator,电磁作动器)直线运动性能的设备。它通常用于评估和研究EMA的各种参数,例如位移、速度、加速度、驱动力等。其通过磁粉制动器对滚珠丝杠副施加一个外力,以此来阻止电机对滚珠丝杠副施加的推力,并且利用拉压力传感器、直线位移传感器、转矩转速传感器记录电机主轴在不同行程位置时的拉压力和转矩转速,并通过数据处理将测量结果显示在显示屏上,以此来达到对EMA直线作动器的参数测量。

Study on Construction and Countermeasures of Technological Innovation Environment within Medium and Small-sized Enterprises in Hubei Province

Based on the application of the latest technological innovation theory and the successful experience generated by the domestic and overseas medium and small-sized enterprises, this thesis proposes a theoretical framework, strategic proposition and some secure measures for the regional technological innovation to promote the technological innovation within medium and small-sized enterprises in Hubei Province. In addition, the author also provides some tactics concerning the original motivation, technological market, innovation talents and innovation system, which aim at offering some consultation for the government decision, optimize industrial structure, implement the innovation strategy and propel to the medium and small-sized enterprises＇ development.

Space-to-Ground Quantum Key Distribution Using a Small-Sized Payload on Tiangong-2 Space Lab

Quantum technology establishes a foundation for secure communication via quantum key distribution （QKD）. In the last two decades, the rapid development of QKD makes a global quantum communication network feasible. In order to construct this network, it is economical to consider small-sized and low-cost QKD payloads, which can be assembled on satellites with different sizes, such as space stations. Here we report an experimental demonstration of space-to-ground QKD using a small-sized payload, from Tiangong-2 space lab to Nanshan ground station. The 57.9-kg payload integrates a tracking system, a QKD transmitter along with modules for synchronization, and a laser communication transmitter. In the space lab, a 50MHz vacuum＋weak decoy-state optical source is sent through a reflective telescope with an aperture of 200mm. On the ground station, a telescope with an aperture of 1200mm collects the signal photons. A stable and high-transmittance communication channel is set up with a high-precision bidirectional tracking system, a polarization compensation module, and a synchronization system. When the quantum link is successfully established, we obtain a key rate over 100bps with a communication distance up to 719km. Together with our recent development of QKD in daylight, the present demonstration paves the way towards a practical satellite-constellation-based global quantum secure network with small-sized QKD payloads.

Study on Virtual Training Management in Small-sized Enterprises

This paper firstly analyses the necessity of virtual management in small-sized enterprises, then presents two main modes to implement virtual training management in small-sized enterprises. The paper also points out the best mode for the small-sized enterprises＇ training to implement virtual management.

EMA/CR TPV压缩Mullins效应及其可逆回复

采用动态硫化法制备了乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(EMA)/氯丁橡胶(CR)热塑性硫化胶(TPV),并系统研究了TPV微观结构、压缩Mullins效应及其可逆回复行为。结果表明,EMA/CR TPV微观相形貌呈现典型“海-岛”相结构;在单轴循环压缩模式下,TPV存在明显Mullins效应;随着加载-卸载循环次数的增多,TPV最大压缩应力、内耗以及tanδ逐渐减小,但瞬时残余变形和应力软化因子都呈增大趋势;随着压缩应变的增大,TPV最大压缩应力、瞬时残余变形、内耗以及tanδ均显著增大;在热处理条件下,TPV Mullins效应可逆回复程度明显提升且在80℃时回复效果较好。

A Study on USA Promoting the Development of Middle and Small-sized Enterprises and Its Revelation

The middle and small-sized enterprises of USA develop very well, and they are the pillars of American economy. The long-term development of middle and small-sized enterprises lies in suitable supporting countermeasures and clear economic function of the government. The development of middle and small-sized enterprises of USA brings China many useful revelations.

Peers Small-sized Group Work-A Beneficial Form of Classroom Interaction

Classroom interaction plays a critical role in language teaching and learning process.It involves both the teacher-students,and students-students.This article is intended to explore the vital significance of classroom interaction in language learning process with the emphasis placed on the students' involvement in the classroom activities,furthermore,to discover whether the peers small-sized group work is a beneficial and irreplaceable form of classroom interaction.

AUDEMARS PIGUET新作登场 材质色彩全面突破

2024年,AUDEMARS PIGUET爱彼在早春三月推出新作,十余款作品涵盖了皇家橡树、皇家橡树离岸型以及CODE 11.59这几大爱彼近年来最受世人关注的核心系列。此次亮相,最重磅的作品是一款以全新材质打造的Royal Oak皇家橡树系列自动上链浮动式陀~飞轮镂空腕表,独特金属色泽与复杂机械结构相得益彰,呈现出复杂制表工艺与当代设计风格交映而生的和谐美感。

基于EMA改进的图像语义分割算法

针对期望最大化注意(EMA)算法参数与图像的语义关联不足以及缺少对通道间信息关注的问题,本文提出一种双重注意力网络EMA+算法。该算法设计了2个模块:空间注意力模块和通道注意力模块。空间注意力模块以EMA算法为主体架构,在责任估计步骤采用特征图作为期望最大化(EM)算法的初始参数,增加参数与特征图语义上的关联。通道注意力模块使用高效通道注意力(ECA),通过使用一维卷积学习通道之间交互信息,避免由于降维操作导致的破坏通道与其权重之间的直接对应关系。EMA+通过融合空间注意力模块和通道注意力模块,显著提高了语义分割任务的性能。实验结果表明,EMA+在PASCAL VOC2012和一些更复杂的数据集上均取得了较EMANet等方法更优的交并比指标,有较好的泛化能力。

AUDEMARS PIGUET 材质新塑 设计复兴

创新不止一面2024年,AUDEMARSPIGUET爱彼再度扩展Royal Oak皇家橡树系列霜金腕表的产品线,全新推出三款迷你款式的霜金腕表,直径仅23毫米,分别以18K黄金、白金或玫瑰金材质打造。新款腕表的创作汲取了爱彼在微型时计和珠宝表款领域的丰厚积淀,以Royal Oak皇家橡树系列这一历史上最小巧的表款为灵感,对其尺寸比例、外形构造、美学设计和实用性能予以重新构思,从现代视角重释1997年推出的直径仅20毫米的Royal Oak皇家橡树迷你腕表。