This paper presents a smart electrical car park model where the power flows among electrical vehicles(EVs)as well as between EVs and the main grid.Based on this model,an optimal charging/discharging scheme is proposed...This paper presents a smart electrical car park model where the power flows among electrical vehicles(EVs)as well as between EVs and the main grid.Based on this model,an optimal charging/discharging scheme is proposed.The fluctuation of hourly electricity rates is considered in this strategy to select a proper charging/discharging rate for each EV with less expenditure during each charging period.The proposed smart electrical car park is able to buy or sell electricity in the form of active and/or reactive power,i.e.kWh and/or kVARh,from or to the main grid to improve the power quality.According to the current state of charge of the EV’s battery bank,customers and the grid demands,a control center makes the decisions and sends the instructions of specific charging/discharging mode to each charging station.The performance of the proposed charging/discharging algorithm is simulated in Matlab.A comparison between the proposed and the unregulated charging/discharging strategies has been implemented.The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve better economic profits for EV customers and increase the commercial benefits for the car park owner.展开更多
The reflections on data regulation in the internet of things （IoT） in this paper provide an overview of the different conceptions and legal problems of ＂data property rights.＂ Beginning with an overview of the exi...The reflections on data regulation in the internet of things （IoT） in this paper provide an overview of the different conceptions and legal problems of ＂data property rights.＂ Beginning with an overview of the existing and possible applications of the future loT （in particular, smart cars）, this paper describes the legal concerns that may arise because of increased commercialization of object-generated data. The author uses German and European Union law to illustrate the legal complexities, solutions, and shortcomings. He demonstrates how and to what extent these issues are covered by traditional data protection regulations and highlights the conceptual blind spots of these regulations. He then contrasts the data protection paradigm （de lege lata） with the idea of a general erga omnes data property right （de lege ferenda） and describes the most common understanding of such a right, that is, a data producers＇ property right. Against the background of the possible economic advantages of general data property rights, the paper discusses conceptual problems and constitutional concerns. In conclusion, the author rejects the idea of a general data property right.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a smart electrical car park model where the power flows among electrical vehicles(EVs)as well as between EVs and the main grid.Based on this model,an optimal charging/discharging scheme is proposed.The fluctuation of hourly electricity rates is considered in this strategy to select a proper charging/discharging rate for each EV with less expenditure during each charging period.The proposed smart electrical car park is able to buy or sell electricity in the form of active and/or reactive power,i.e.kWh and/or kVARh,from or to the main grid to improve the power quality.According to the current state of charge of the EV’s battery bank,customers and the grid demands,a control center makes the decisions and sends the instructions of specific charging/discharging mode to each charging station.The performance of the proposed charging/discharging algorithm is simulated in Matlab.A comparison between the proposed and the unregulated charging/discharging strategies has been implemented.The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve better economic profits for EV customers and increase the commercial benefits for the car park owner.
文摘The reflections on data regulation in the internet of things （IoT） in this paper provide an overview of the different conceptions and legal problems of ＂data property rights.＂ Beginning with an overview of the existing and possible applications of the future loT （in particular, smart cars）, this paper describes the legal concerns that may arise because of increased commercialization of object-generated data. The author uses German and European Union law to illustrate the legal complexities, solutions, and shortcomings. He demonstrates how and to what extent these issues are covered by traditional data protection regulations and highlights the conceptual blind spots of these regulations. He then contrasts the data protection paradigm （de lege lata） with the idea of a general erga omnes data property right （de lege ferenda） and describes the most common understanding of such a right, that is, a data producers＇ property right. Against the background of the possible economic advantages of general data property rights, the paper discusses conceptual problems and constitutional concerns. In conclusion, the author rejects the idea of a general data property right.
