Hydrogen Smart-Grids: Smart Metering of Electricity from Hydrogen Fuel Cells

In the last decade, increasing applications of information technology (IT) within power industry has become a significant reality. As distributed power networks are gaining importance and renewables are getting a bigger ratio within energy production, Smart Grid applications have become essential, especially due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources. Smart Grid is a sustainable energy system that measures, checks, and controls the generation, transmission, and consumption of electrical energy in grids on all voltage levels. Smart Grid experts are driving forward the development of effective communication and information technologies for the build-up of intelligent power supply networks. Examples of these are control systems for the realization of virtual power plants, intelligent consumer data acquisition systems, and smart distribution management systems. Fuel cell-based hydrogen electricity, in comparison to other renewable energy sources, is more stable and predictable. Yet hydrogen power and smart-grids have many application points, mainly as means of energy storage. This study claims that hydrogen energy and smart-grids could also engage through an appliance of IT managed metering of hydrogen power production. Smart metering and management of hydrogen fuel cells would enable advanced planning of short-to-mid-term power productions and thus foster use of hydrogen power within distributed networks, as local community or industrial applications.

基于SMART-seq2测序分析结直肠癌外周血DNT细胞转录组的表达差异及功能初探

目的探讨结直肠癌患者外周血中双阴性T细胞差异基因及功能。方法选取2例结直肠癌患者和2例健康体检者,首先采用流式细胞术分选外周血双阴性T细胞,然后利用单细胞全长转录组(SMART-seq2)测序技术获得测序数据,筛选差异表达基因,并对筛选出的差异表达基因进行基因本体富集分析(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)途径富集分析。利用STRING数据库构建蛋白质互作网络,并通过Cytoscape软件鉴定关键基因。采用RT-qPCR验证差异表达基因。结果与健康体检者相比,结直肠癌患者外周血双阴性T细胞差异基因共有1276个,其中141个上调基因,1135个下调基因。GO分析显示差异基因主要参与甲基化、代谢过程以及转移酶活性等生物学功能。KEGG通路分析显示差异基因主要涉及自噬、P53信号通路和磷酸肌醇代谢等信号通路。蛋白质互作网络包含1154个节点和1022条边,并鉴定出10个Hub基因:PIK3C3、WIPI1、ATG101、PIK3R4、DDX10、RBM28、SDAD1、ATG16L1、UVRAG、ATG7。RT-qPCR验证10个差异表达基因,其中7个差异基因表达变化趋势与测序结果一致,3个基因表达与测序结果不符。结论DNT细胞可能通过甲基化、P53信号通路和自噬等作用参与了结直肠癌的发生发展,同时,DNT细胞可能通过对基因的调控抑制结直肠癌的发生发展。本研究为进一步探讨DNT细胞在恶性肿瘤中的功能提供理论依据。

负载小鼠脐带间充质干细胞壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐水凝胶的制备与表征

背景:随着水凝胶材料研究的深入,水凝胶的适用领域也逐渐拓宽,搭载干细胞进行疾病治疗成为研究的一个新方向,但如何构建适宜干细胞生长的水凝胶材料,是目前需要解决的关键问题。目的:探究壳聚糖-壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐-胶原蛋白复合水凝胶的理化性能并评价其负载小鼠脐带间充质干细胞的能力。方法:以壳聚糖、壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐和胶原蛋白为原料,加入交联剂β-甘油磷酸钠和碳酸氢钠物理交联制备水凝胶,根据成胶时间和成胶效果筛选出合适的水凝胶(以此记为Gel-1、Gel-2、Gel-3)。表征3组水凝胶电子显微镜下的形态、孔隙率、溶胀性能、降解性,并进行溶血实验考查3组水凝胶的溶血情况。将小鼠脐带间充质干细胞与表征综合性能最好的水凝胶共培养,测定复合水凝胶的细胞毒性、细胞存活情况、细胞黏附效应,从而评价该水凝胶负载脐带间充质干细胞的性能。结果与结论:①扫描电镜表征结果显示,3组水凝胶内部均呈多孔网状结构,添加了壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐的Gel-2、Gel-3内部结构更加多孔且立体;②Gel-3组水凝胶孔隙率高于其余两组,孔隙率高且孔径分布均匀;③3组水凝胶溶胀性能都在100%以上,且具有壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐组分的水凝胶溶胀性能更好;④3组水凝胶的降解率在15 d的时间尺度内可以降解90%以上,降解性能良好;⑤溶血性能测定结果表明各组水凝胶搭载鸡红细胞所测得的吸光度值与生理盐水搭载鸡红细胞所测得的吸光度值基本相同,无溶血现象出现;⑥毒性实验和活死细胞染色实验显示各组水凝胶中细胞存活率都在100%以上,表明无明显细胞毒性,脐带间充质干细胞可在水凝胶包裹下生存且水凝胶对细胞存活率有正向的影响;⑦脐带间充质干细胞可以黏附在水凝胶表面且形态正常。

智慧城市路网交通流量均衡性优化调度方法

早高峰和晚高峰时段的路网交通混乱,极易发生拥堵情况,为缓解交通系统压力,设计节点元胞划分下智慧城市路网交通流量均衡性优化调度方法。获取不同交通路线间的流量分离函数,定义路径交通流量和可用路段费用,得到出行者在某段路径上的概率函数,计算智慧城市路网各路段交通流量;获取流量守恒和车辆传递函数,计算可变元胞的单独序列,建立交通节点元胞划分模型;设计交通流量均衡性优化调度算法,得到城市路网均衡性的优化调度结果。设置仿真参数,对比优化前后三个路网模型的路径流量,仿真结果显示:早高峰和晚高峰时段路段内的路径流量明显降低,在其他时段,优化后的路径流量也不同程度下降,且路网模型越复杂,该优化方法的调度效果越好。

一种光伏板高效能转化新电池制备及智慧采集系统研究

为提高低碳园区中新型光伏板智慧能源采集系统的光电转化效率,以1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基海因(DBH)、二酮异吲哚等制备的宽带隙材料为给体材料,以非富勒烯Y6-BO和PTIC分别为受体材料,制备了具有高功率转换效率光伏板电池,并对其最佳配比、伏安特性、载流子传属性进行测试。结果表明,相较于PTIC作为受体材料,采用Y6-BO作为受体材料与给体材料制备光伏板电池的光电转化效率更高,最优能量转化效率为15.23%,提高了3.86%,为低碳园区中新型光伏板智慧能源采集系统有效转化光电能源奠定了理论基础。此时,DCM和CF组分、三氯甲烷组分的质量比为1∶1.5,覆膜厚度为100nm。

Web of Cell体系——适应未来智能电网发展的新理念

针对未来大量分布式发电并网需求,以智能电网为背景阐释了一种全新的电力系统控制体系——Web of Cell体系。首先,诠释该体系的概念并总结归纳出其特点,通过对比Web of Cell体系与集中控制体系及Cell与微电网和主动配电网间的差异,剖析了该体系在未来电力系统中的优势和可行性。随后,对该体系调压调频的控制结构和运行方式进行了分析并指出应重点关注的技术问题。最后,对该体系的进一步发展和研究方向进行了展望,以期为中国电网智能化发展提供参考和借鉴。

SMART技术构建衣藻细胞的酵母双杂交文库

衣藻是用来研究植物光合作用和动物纤毛常用的模式生物。为了研究蛋白质之间的相互作用,利用SMART技术构建了衣藻的酵母双杂交文库。使用Trizol试剂提取鞭毛再生过程和光周期培养的细胞进入分裂前的衣藻细胞的总RNA,经过Oligotex纯化得到mRNA;应用SMART技术和LD-PCR合成双链cDNA,经过CHROMA SPIN TE-400柱子去除短片段的cDNA;cDNA和线性化载体pGADT7-Rec共转化酵母Y187构建酵母双杂交文库。库容达到3.0×106 CFU,重组率为70%,插入片段平均长度为0.6 kb。以上结果说明该文库质量较好,能够通过筛选文库得到与目的蛋白互相作用的蛋白质,为寻找蛋白质的作用伴侣打下基础。

Assessment on Energy Self-Sufficiency Rate for Building Integrated Photovoltaics and Fuel Cell System in Japan

A building integrated photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) system is proposed for assessment of the energy self-sufficiency rate in a city in Japan. The electricity consumed in the building is mainly supplied by solar panels, while the gap between the energy demand and supply is solved by the FC that is powered by the H2 produced by water electrolysis with surplus power of PV. A desktop case study of using the proposed system in Tsu city which is located in central part of Japan, has been conducted. The results found that the self-sufficiency rates of PV system to electricity demand of households (RPV) during the daytime in April and July are higher than those in January and October. The results also reveal that the self-sufficiency rate of FC system to the electricity demand (RFC) is 15% - 38% for the day when the mean amount of horizontal solar radiation is obtained in January, April, July and October. In addition, it is found the optimum tilt angle of solar panel installed on the roof of the buildings should be 0 degree, i.e., placed horizontally.

Energy Assessment of Building Integrated Photovoltaics and Fuel Cell Systems: Design Study for Building(s) of Mie, Japan

A building integrated energy system (photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC)) is proposed for assessment of the energy self-sufficiency rate in five cities of Mie prefecture in Japan. In this work, it is considered that the electricity requirement of the building is provided by the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system and the gap between the energy demand and BIPV supply is fulfilled by the FC. The FC is powered by the electrolytic H2 produced from the surplus power of PV. A design study of using the proposed system in five cities in Mie prefecture, which are in center part of Japan, has been performed. It has been observed that the monthly power production from BIPV is higher in spring and summer, while it is lower in autumn and winter at all considered locations. The self-sufficiency rate of the FC system is higher with decreasing households’ number and it has been observed that the 12 households are more suitable for full cover of the electricity demand by the combined system of PV and FC. The relationship between the households’ number and self-sufficiency rate of the FC system per solar PV installation area can be expressed by exponential curve. The coefficient of the exponential curve can predict the suitable city for the BIPV system with FC system utilizing electrolytic H2 generated by using excess energy from the PV system.

Energy Characteristics of an Integrated Power Generation System with Photovoltaic and Fuel Cell

An integrated energy system (with photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) for building) is proposed and assessed in term of its energy self-sufficiency rate in seven cities (Nagoya, Toyota, Tajimi, Takayama, Ogaki, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka) in Tokai region in Japan in this paper. In this work, it is considered that the electricity requirement of the building for household users is provided by a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system and the gap between the energy demand and BIPV supply is fulfilled by the FC. The FC is powered by the electrolytic H2 produced when PV power was in surplus. Based on the study of applying the proposed system in seven cities, which clarifies the effectiveness of the integrated BIPV, electrolytic H2 and FC power generation system, a universal system model has been developed in this paper. It has been observed that the monthly power production from BIPV as well as FC system are higher in spring and summer, while they are both lower in autumn and winter at all considered locations. The self-sufficiency rate of the FC system is higher with decreasing households’ number and it has been observed that 16 is the most appropriate number of households in a building, whose electricity demand could be fully covered by the integrated PV and FC system. Due to its climate condition, Hamamatsu is the best city in the region for installing the proposed system. The correlation between the households’ number and self-sufficiency rate of the FC system per solar PV installation area can be expressed by the regression curve in the form of y = ax-b well.

非小细胞肺癌肺叶袖状切除术手术安全性及远期疗效分析

背景与目的:长期以来,全肺切除术是治疗非小细胞肺癌的常用术式,仅少部分有适应证的肺癌患者选用肺叶袖状切除术。本研究评价肺叶袖状切除术在非小细胞肺癌治疗中的价值。方法:中山大学肿瘤防治中心1997年1月至2007年12月共施行非小细胞肺癌根治性袖状切除术93例,同期施行根治性全肺切除术571例。将两种手术方式的术后并发症发生率及术后死亡率进行比较,并回顾性分析两种手术方式的5年生存率。结果:袖状切除术术后并发症发生率为11.8%,全肺切除术术后并发症为20.7%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.046)。术后死亡率袖状切除术组为2.1%,全肺切除术组为4.7%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.259)。袖状切除术和全肺切除术术后5年生存率分别为42.0%、31.5%,组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.015);其中N0、N1患者5年生存率袖状切除术组优于全肺切除术组(P=0.007,P=0.025),N2患者5年生存率两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.073)。支气管肺动脉双袖状切除术与全肺切除术组间5年生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.092)。袖状切除术组与全肺切除术组之间的术后局部复发率差异无统计学意义(P=0.821)。结论:非小细胞肺癌袖状切除术手术安全性及远期疗效均优于全肺切除术,值得在临床上推广应用。

基于柔性太阳能电池和超薄水凝胶薄膜的手势识别

人们在日常生活中会用到各种各样的手势,如何将不同的手势与现有的智能可穿戴设备等结合起来对生活质量的提升有不可或缺的作用,利用太阳能相关设备的光电转换特性可以很好地解决手势识别和设备能耗问题。在柔性太阳能电池与手势识别结合的研究中,采集了5种常用手势数据,进行了Z-Score、低通滤波、滑动窗口等信号处理方法,并利用随机森林、支持向量机和神经网络等对其进行分类,成功地在小样本的基础上实现了100%的预测精度,可以证明该方法在手势识别的应用中有显著优势。

TD-SCDMA标准缺陷研究

从智能天线的工作原理出发说明使用智能天线时很难实现小区的分扇区应用、多频点天线公用,因此可以证明智能天线还不是一项可供商用的实用技术;考虑相邻小区/扇区时隙的不对称分配所产生的相邻小区/扇区收发干扰时,可以证明上、下行时隙实质上是不能按需分配的。3 G使用的频段是2 GHz,具有传播衰落大、穿透能力差、不易做大范围覆盖。TD-SCDMA标准很难提供3G标准所规定的在车载、步行、静止环境下分别达到144 kb it/s、384 kb it/s和2 048 kb it/s的无线接入速率要求。

细胞图案化研究进展

细胞图案化是一种研究和控制细胞行为的有效实验方法,广泛用于细胞生物学、组织工程学、药物筛选和创伤治疗等各个研究领域.介绍了各种细胞图案化的制备方法,并对细胞图案化中涉及的特征物质以及有关动态基底作了简要评述.

脐血CD34^+造血干/祖细胞基因表达图谱的研究

目的通过脐血CD34+造血干/祖细胞的基因表达分析,理解造血干/祖细胞生物学特性。方法利用Min-iMACS免疫磁珠法从脐血细胞中分离CD34+造血干/祖细胞,提取总RNA,用SMART-PCR技术从微量RNA中扩增产生足够量的cDNA用于高密度点阵膜分析检测CD34+造血干/祖细胞表达的基因。结果在所检测的588个基因中,发现63个基因具有显著的表达水平,其中18个基因强表达。这些基因主要涉及造血干细胞增殖、分化、应激响应、凋亡、转录调节以及细胞周期等。结论对理解脐血干/祖细胞生物学性质以及指导造血干细胞体外培养提供了分子生物学基础。

结肠癌羟基喜树碱耐药细胞SW1116/HCPT酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建和鉴定

目的:构建羟基喜树碱耐药结肠癌细胞株SW1116/HCPT细胞的酵母双杂交cDNA文库.方法:用TRIzol从SW1116/HCPT细胞提取总RNA,采用CLONTECH SMART(switching mechanism at 5' end of RNA transcript)技术和同源重组(homologous recombination)的方法构建SW1116/HCPT细胞的cDNA文库.结果:提取的RNA的A260/A280为1.98,甲醛变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳示出28SrRNA、18SrRNA及5SrRNA3条特异性带,28S与18S带浓度及亮度比值约为2.文库dscDNAsmear较长分布在0.1-5kb,成长瀑布条带,而且在接近1kb的区域有密集的带子,为高丰度表达基因.依据生长菌落计数,共获得(1.2-1.9)×106个转化子,重组率达93.7%,文库插入片段大小为0.2-5kb.结论:成功构建了SW1116/HCPT cDNA文库.

基于智能生态细胞的遥感信息提取方法

提出了一种基于智能生态细胞的遥感信息提取方法。该方法综合了作物的物候特征、光谱演化特征和空间相关性的反馈信息,融合了元胞自动机、模糊推理和BP神经网络智能计算思想。以2009年多时相Landsat7 ETM遥感影像作为数据源,进行了基于智能生态细胞的烤烟种植面积监测。监测结果表明,该方法可以有效提高遥感信息提取精度,具有实际应用价值。

一种动态分层小区结构的载干比性能分析

将自适应多波束天线与移动通信小区覆盖技术有机融合 ,提出了一种基于基站自适应多波束天线的动态覆盖方案。这一方案将一个传统的小区群覆盖结构分两个区域进行覆盖 ,其中一个区域为固定覆盖 ,另一部分则利用基站自适应多波束天线在垂直面将覆盖区域分割动态圆形分层小区。这一覆盖方案的重要特点在于有助于改善频率复用下载干比性能及动态覆盖的冗余度。

智能天线对CDMA蜂房系统容量的影响

在移动通信系统中 ,采用智能天线可以通过降低系统信噪比 (SIR)来提高容量。基于 CDMA蜂房小区系统的容量分析 ,讨论智能天线对系统容量的影响。

金堂黑山羊卵巢酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建和鉴定

以四川省金堂黑山羊卵巢为材料,从其卵巢组织中提取总RNA,应用SMART^TM cDNA library construction技术,构建以真核表达载体pGADT7-Rec为基础的黑山羊卵巢酵母双杂交cDNA文库。结果表明,提取的RNA的A_260/A_280为1.95,28S与18S带浓度及亮度比值约为2。文库dscDNA弥散较长,分布在0.2～3kb,成瀑布条带状,而且在接近1kb的区域有密集的条带,为高丰度表达基因。根据生长菌落计数,共获得1.6×10~6个转化子,文库插入片段大小约为0.1～2kb。成功构建了金堂黑山羊卵巢酵母双杂交cDNA文库,为黑山羊多胎相关因子的基因筛选奠定了基础。