ChainApparel: A Trustworthy Blockchain and IoT-Based Traceability Framework for Apparel Industry 4.0

Trustworthiness and product traceability are essential factors in the apparel industry 4.0 for establishing successful business relationships among stakeholders such as customers,manufacturers,suppliers,and consumers.Each stakeholder has implemented different technology-based systems to record and track product transactions.However,these systems work in silos,and there is no intra-system communication,leading to a lack of complete supply chain traceability for all apparel stakeholders.Moreover,apparel stakeholders are reluctant to share their business information with business competitors;thus,they involve third-party auditors to ensure the quality of the final product.Furthermore,the apparel manufacturing industry faces challenges with counterfeit products,making it difficult for consumers to determine the authenticity of the products.Therefore,in this paper,a trustworthy apparel product traceability framework called ChainApparel is developed using the Internet of Things(IoT)and blockchain to address these challenges of authenticity and traceability of apparel products.Specifically,multiple smart contracts are designed and developed for registration,process execution,audit,fault,and product traceability to authorize,validate,and trace every business transaction among the apparel stakeholders.Further,the real-time performance analysis of ChainApparel is carried out regarding transaction throughput and latency by deploying the compute nodes at different geographical locations using Hyperledger Fabric.The results conclude that ChainApparel accomplished significant performance under diverse workloads while ensuring complete traceability along the complex supply chain of the apparel industry.Thus,the ChainApparel framework helps make the apparel product more trustworthy and transparent in the market while safeguarding trust among the industry stakeholders.

Engineering the Smart Factory

The fourth industrial revolution promises to create what has been called the smart factory. The vision is that within such modular structured smart factories, cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world and make decentralised decisions. This paper provides a view of this initiative from an automation systems perspective. In this context it considers how future automation systems might be effectively configured and supported through their lifecycles and how integration, application modelling, visualisation and reuse of such systems might be best achieved. The paper briefly describes limitations in current engineering methods, and new emerging approaches including the cyber physical systems （CPS） engineering tools being developed by the automation systems group （ASG） at Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, UK.

Challenges and Requirements for the Application of Industry 4.0:A Special Insight with the Usage of Cyber-Physical System

Considered as a top priority of industrial devel- opment, Industry 4.0 （or Industrie 4.0 as the German ver- sion） has being highlighted as the pursuit of both academy and practice in companies. In this paper, based on the review of state of art and also the state of practice in dif- ferent countries, shortcomings have been revealed as the lacking of applicable framework for the implementation of Industrie 4.0. Therefore, in order to shed some light on the knowledge of the details, a reference architecture is developed, where four perspectives namely manufacturing process, devices, software and engineering have been highlighted. Moreover, with a view on the importance of Cyber-Physical systems, the structure of Cyber-Physical System are established for the in-depth analysis. Further cases with the usage of Cyber-Physical System are also arranged, which attempts to provide some implications to match the theoretical findings together with the experience of companies. In general, results of this paper could be useful for the extending on the theoretical understanding of Industrie 4.0. Additionally, applied framework and proto- types based on the usage of Cyber-Physical Systems are also potential to help companies to design the layout of sensor nets, to achieve coordination and controlling of smart machines, to realize synchronous production with systematic structure, and to extend the usage of information and communication technologies to the maintenance scheduling.

Industry 4.0新工业革命与工业自动化转型升级

随着新一代信息技术的发展,世界各国都在加快推进新的技术和工业革命。物联网、服务网以及信息物理系统已进入制造环境。论述了Industry 4.0战略产生的背景、目标以及主要特征,较深入地解析了作为Industry 4.0核心的智能工厂的体系架构。阐述了借鉴Industry 4.0的理念、方案与路线图,勇于创新,打造国内工业自动化升级版的愿景。

Industry 4.0: Architecture and Equipment Revolution

The development of science and technology has led to the era of Industry 4.0.The core concept is the combination of“material and informationization”.In the supply chain and manufacturing process,the“material”of the physical entity world is realized by data,identity,intelligence,and information.Industry 4.0 is a disruptive transformation and upgrade of intelligent industrialization based on the Internet-of-Things and Big Data in traditional industrialization.The goal is“maximizing production efficiency,minimizing production costs,and maximizing the individual needs of human beings for products and services.”Achieving this goal will surely bring about a major leap in the history of the industry,which will lead to the“Fourth Industrial Revolution.”This paper presents a detailed discussion of industrial big data,strategic roles,architectures,characteristics,and four types of innovative business models that can generate profits for enterprises.The key revolutionary aspect of Industry 4.0 is explained,which is the equipment revolution.Six important attributes of equipment are explained under the Industry 4.0 perspective.

A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Securing Industrial IoTs Data in Electric Smart Grid

There are numerous internet-connected devices attached to the industrial process through recent communication technologies,which enable machine-to-machine communication and the sharing of sensitive data through a new technology called the industrial internet of things(IIoTs).Most of the suggested security mechanisms are vulnerable to several cybersecurity threats due to their reliance on cloud-based services,external trusted authorities,and centralized architectures;they have high computation and communication costs,low performance,and are exposed to a single authority of failure and bottleneck.Blockchain technology(BC)is widely adopted in the industrial sector for its valuable features in terms of decentralization,security,and scalability.In our work,we propose a decentralized,scalable,lightweight,trusted and secure private network based on blockchain technology/smart contracts for the overhead circuit breaker of the electrical power grid of the Al-Kufa/Iraq power plant as an industrial application.The proposed scheme offers a double layer of data encryption,device authentication,scalability,high performance,low power consumption,and improves the industry’s operations;provides efficient access control to the sensitive data generated by circuit breaker sensors and helps reduce power wastage.We also address data aggregation operations,which are considered challenging in electric power smart grids.We utilize a multi-chain proof of rapid authentication(McPoRA)as a consensus mechanism,which helps to enhance the computational performance and effectively improve the latency.The advanced reduced instruction set computer(RISC)machinesARMCortex-M33 microcontroller adopted in our work,is characterized by ultra-low power consumption and high performance,as well as efficiency in terms of real-time cryptographic algorithms such as the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA).This improves the computational execution,increases the implementation speed of the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm and provides data integrity and device authenticity at the perceptual layer.Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent performance,data security,real-time data processing,low power consumption(70.880 mW),and very low memory utilization(2.03%read-only memory(RAM)and 0.9%flash memory)and execution time(0.7424 s)for the cryptographic algorithm.This enables autonomous network reconfiguration on-demand and real-time data processing.

Enhancing Operational Efficiency: Exploring the Integration of SOPs Using Virtual Reality and Smart Glasses Technology in Food Manufacturing

This paper explores the integration of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) using virtual reality and smart glasses technology in food manufacturing. The study employs a thorough methodology, combining observational insights to develop a comprehensive SOP. Implementation at different firms resulted in significant improvements, reducing product waste and enhancing overall efficiency. The use of virtual reality further augments SOP adoption. The findings underscore SOPs’ transformative influence, offering a tangible solution to challenges in the food production sector. Recommendations include regular SOP reviews and ongoing training for sustained success. Different firms exemplify SOPs as indispensable tools for operational excellence.

Comprehensive Survey of the Landscape of Digital Twin Technologies and Their Diverse Applications

The concept of the digital twin,also known colloquially as the DT,is a fundamental principle within Industry 4.0 framework.In recent years,the concept of digital siblings has generated considerable academic and practical interest.However,academia and industry have used a variety of interpretations,and the scientific literature lacks a unified and consistent definition of this term.The purpose of this study is to systematically examine the definitional landscape of the digital twin concept as outlined in scholarly literature,beginning with its origins in the aerospace domain and extending to its contemporary interpretations in the manufacturing industry.Notably,this investigationwill focus on the research conducted on Industry 4.0 and smartmanufacturing,elucidating the diverse applications of digital twins in fields including aerospace,intelligentmanufacturing,intelligent transportation,and intelligent cities,among others.

工业4.0目标下澳大利亚木材智能建造建筑的实践

随着工业4.0(通常是指数字工业技术)的兴起,工业4.0转型能够以全新、高效的方式与机器协同工作,并将工业生产中的诸如设计、建造、施工等内容嵌入到工业物联网、云连接、人工智能和机器学习等技术中。基于这种统一的集成式建造方法即为智能建造。梳理了澳大利亚现阶段的木材智能建造建筑实践工作,分析其实践案例、政策支撑、企业实践等,为推动工业4.0下的智能建造战略目标发展提供参考。

Blockchain Based Secure Solution for Cloud Storage:A Model for Synchronizing Industry 4.0 and IIoT

Industry 4.0 is one of the hot topic of today’s world where everything in the industry will be data driven and technological advancements will take place accordingly.In the fourth phase of industrial revolution,manufacturers are dependent upon data produced by the consumers to invent,innovate or change anything for the product.Internet of things devices like OBD,RFID,IIoT,Smart devices are the major source of data generation and represents trends in the industry.Since the IoT device are vulnerable to hackers due to its limitation,consumer data security should be tighten up and enhanced.This paper gives an overview of industrial revolutions as well as proposes Blockchain Cloud Computing as a solution to store data for Industry 4.0.

德国工业4.0产教融合“智慧学习工厂”的构建理念与实施路径

为应对工业4.0对职业教育的挑战,德国实施了职业教育4.0战略。在此背景下,德国工业4.0产教融合“智慧学习工厂”应运而生。“智慧学习工厂”以行为主义为指引,以学习者面向工业4.0的能力需求为目标,通过“教育层”“管理层”和“技术层”三个层面的系统化设计,实现了工业4.0技术、智慧生产与教育的深度融合,形成了一套致力于培养智能工业时代高素质人才的有效方法,成为全球智能工业人才培养的经典范例,为我国职业教育产教融合、科教融汇的纵深推进及培养智能工业高素质人才提供了借鉴:明确智能工业人才能力培养目标;以产教融合平台为载体促进智能工业与教育的资源整合;实现智能工业教学实践平台管理与运营的系统化设计;加强智能工业数字技术与教育的系统集成。

Smart Manufacturing and Intelligent Manufacturing:A Comparative Review

The application of intelligence to manufacturing has emerged as a compelling topic for researchers and industries around the world.However,different terminologies,namely smart manufacturing(SM)and intelligent manufacturing(IM),have been applied to what may be broadly characterized as a similar paradigm by some researchers and practitioners.While SM and IM are similar,they are not identical.From an evolutionary perspective,there has been little consideration on whether the definition,thought,connotation,and technical development of the concepts of SM or IM are consistent in the literature.To address this gap,the work performs a qualitative and quantitative investigation of research literature to systematically compare inherent differences of SM and IM and clarify the relationship between SM and IM.A bibliometric analysis of publication sources,annual publication numbers,keyword frequency,and top regions of research and development establishes the scope and trends of the currently presented research.Critical topics discussed include origin,definitions,evolutionary path,and key technologies of SM and IM.The implementation architecture,standards,and national focus are also discussed.In this work,a basis to understand SM and IM is provided,which is increasingly important because the trend to merge both terminologies rises in Industry 4.0 as intelligence is being rapidly applied to modern manufacturing and human–cyber–physical systems.

Smart Society and Artificial Intelligence:Big Data Scheduling and the Global Standard Method Applied to Smart Maintenance

The implementation of artificial intelligence(AI)in a smart society,in which the analysis of human habits is mandatory,requires automated data scheduling and analysis using smart applications,a smart infrastructure,smart systems,and a smart network.In this context,which is characterized by a large gap between training and operative processes,a dedicated method is required to manage and extract the massive amount of data and the related information mining.The method presented in this work aims to reduce this gap with near-zero-failure advanced diagnostics(AD)for smart management,which is exploitable in any context of Society 5.0,thus reducing the risk factors at all management levels and ensuring quality and sustainability.We have also developed innovative applications for a humancentered management system to support scheduling in the maintenance of operative processes,for reducing training costs,for improving production yield,and for creating a human–machine cyberspace for smart infrastructure design.The results obtained in 12 international companies demonstrate a possible global standardization of operative processes,leading to the design of a near-zero-failure intelligent system that is able to learn and upgrade itself.Our new method provides guidance for selecting the new generation of intelligent manufacturing and smart systems in order to optimize human–machine interactions,with the related smart maintenance and education.

Methods for the Efficient Energy Management in a Smart Mini Greenhouse

To solve the problem of energy efficiency of modern enterprise it is necessary to reduce energy consumption.One of the possible ways is proposed in this research.A multi-level hierarchical system for energy efficiency management of the enterprise is designed,it is based on the modular principle providing rapid modernization.The novelty of the work is the development of new and improvement of the existing methods and models,in particular:1)models for dynamic analysis of IT tools for data acquisition and processing(DAAP)in multilevel energy management systems,which are based on Petri nets;2)method of synthesis of DAAP tools in energy efficiency management information systems(EEMIS)of the enterprise which provides a reduction in hardware and time costs from 10%to 40%;3)method of conflict-free data exchange determining the minimum memory speed for the synthesis of realtime exchanges,it reduces the cost and energy consumption;4)method of calculating the signal of postsynaptic excitation of neural elements decreases the processing time of technological data two or more times.The proposed methods,models and tools have been tested while implementing the EEMIS of the intelligent mini-greenhouse,as a result,energy efficiency has increased by 12%-25%(depending on season and peculiarities of growing plants).

工业4.0时代智能船舶发展趋势与挑战

工业4.0时代,智能船舶是海上智能交通的重点发展对象。文章从智能船舶整体发展趋势出发,分析其在数字化、绿色化和商业化的具体发展方向,并探讨了智能船舶在人机平衡、法律规范、信息安全和行业协作等相关领域面临的挑战与应对措施。智能船舶无论在节能减排,还是在商业运营等方面,均具有巨大的发展潜力。随着人工智能技术和信息安全的迅猛发展,船舶行业数字化的持续深入,智能船舶法律法规的不断完善,智能船舶将会迎来质的发展。

Optimal Deep Learning Based Intruder Identification in Industrial Internet of Things Environment

With the increased advancements of smart industries,cybersecurity has become a vital growth factor in the success of industrial transformation.The Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)or Industry 4.0 has revolutionized the concepts of manufacturing and production altogether.In industry 4.0,powerful IntrusionDetection Systems(IDS)play a significant role in ensuring network security.Though various intrusion detection techniques have been developed so far,it is challenging to protect the intricate data of networks.This is because conventional Machine Learning(ML)approaches are inadequate and insufficient to address the demands of dynamic IIoT networks.Further,the existing Deep Learning(DL)can be employed to identify anonymous intrusions.Therefore,the current study proposes a Hunger Games Search Optimization with Deep Learning-Driven Intrusion Detection(HGSODLID)model for the IIoT environment.The presented HGSODL-ID model exploits the linear normalization approach to transform the input data into a useful format.The HGSO algorithm is employed for Feature Selection(HGSO-FS)to reduce the curse of dimensionality.Moreover,Sparrow Search Optimization(SSO)is utilized with a Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)to classify and identify intrusions in the network.Finally,the SSO technique is exploited to fine-tune the hyper-parameters involved in the GCN model.The proposed HGSODL-ID model was experimentally validated using a benchmark dataset,and the results confirmed the superiority of the proposed HGSODL-ID method over recent approaches.

全球能源互联网对话工业4.0

智能电网是电力工业发展的必然趋势。随着智能电网的发展,智能电网概念得到了扩展。一方面,将能源从电力向气、热、冷、交通系统进行扩展;另一方面,在实施的范围上,向全球扩展,全球能源互联网概念应运而生。该文基于全球能源互联网的概念与框架,详细分析了全球能源互联网不同层面上的集成与交互,以及组成并参与各层面的个体。与智能电网和全球能源互联网的形成类似的,是近年来进入视野的基于信息物理融合系统、物联网和服务网等技术的"工业4.0"概念。通过全球能源互联网对话工业4.0,可以展望的是新兴的商业运营模式和增值潜力。

基于工业4.0的智能工厂实验系统的搭建及应用

杭州电子科技大学"智能制造技术"国家级实验教学示范中心与西门子(中国)有限公司合作,打造了校内综合实验平台。该平台由六大子平台组成,其中体现工业4.0理念的是"智能工厂实验平台";而"智能工厂实验平台"的核心,是智能工厂实验系统。基于此,文章搭建了基于工业4.0的智能工厂实验系统,介绍了该系统中设计的13个实验项目,并进行了相关项目的实践训练。基于工业4.0的智能工厂实验系统的搭建及应用,成功打造了基于工业4.0的现代制造工程实验平台,有利于将学生培养成为具有前瞻视野、工业4.0理念、"两化融合"能力的卓越工程师。

从精敏制造到工业4.0长尾生产的制造业转型升级

为了应对日益激烈竞争的全球化市场和日益多样的个性化需求,分析了制造业从大规模生产到大规模定制再到个性化生产的演化过程,提出一种称为精敏制造的推拉式大规模定制生产方式,然后利用信息物理系统将精敏制造转变为智能大规模定制,并与智能个性化生产(尤其3D打印)形成所谓的长尾生产方式以满足工业4.0智能生产需求,同时借助经济学中的学习曲线对这种长尾生产方式进行分析。最后基于智能化长尾生产方式探讨了我国制造业转型升级之路。

工业4.0与智能机械厂

目的探讨智能机械厂的构成和主要运作系统。方法在分析工业4.0的生产智能化特征和智能制造、智能工厂两大核心目标,以及智能工厂应具备数据、互联、集成、转型四大特点的基础上,对机械厂向智能工厂转变的必要性,智能机械厂的构成和主要运作系统,智能机械厂的运行流程进行分析和探索。结论智能机械厂应通过建立信息物理系统CPS建成覆盖全厂空间的智能网络;智能机械厂的智能化运作可划分为智能订货及支付、远程产品开发设计、智能生产和智能物流等系统;工业4.0是一个渐进的演变过程,机械厂向智能工厂转变应有一个完整的解决方案。