Smart Fibers for Self‑Powered Electronic Skins

Smart fibers are considered as promising materials for the fabrication of wearable electronic skins owing to their features such as superior flexibility,light weight,high specific area,and ease of modification.Besides,piezoelectric or triboelectric electronic skins can respond to mechanical stimulation and directly convert the mechanical energy into electrical power for self-use,thereby providing an attractive method for tactile sensing and motion perception.The incorporation of sensing capabilities into smart fibers could be a powerful approach to the development of self-powered electronic skins.Herein,we review several aspects of the recent advancements in the development of self-powered electronic skins constructed with smart fibers.The summarized aspects include functional material selection,structural design,pressure sensing mechanism,and proof-to-concept demonstration to practical application.In particular,various fabrication strategies and a wide range of practical applications have been systematically introduced.Finally,a critical assessment of the challenges and promising perspectives for the development of fiber-based electronic skins has been presented.

Field Sensing Characteristic Research of Carbon Fiber Smart Material

In order to research the field sensing characteristic of the carbon fiber smart material, the Tikhonov regularization principle and the modified Newton-Raphson(MNR) algorithm were adopted to solve the inverse problem of the electrical resistance tomography(ERT). An ERT system of carbon fiber smart material was developed. Field sensing characteristic was researched with the experiment. The experimental results show that the specific resistance distribution of carbon fiber smart material is highly consistent with the distribution of structural strain. High resistance zone responds to high strain area, and the specific resistance distribution of carbon fiber smart material reflects the distribution of sample strain in covering area. Monitoring by carbon fiber smart material on complicated strain status in sample field domain is realized through theoretical and experimental study.

Smart Behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement-based Composite

The electrical characteristics of cement-based material can be remarkably improved by the addition of short carbon fibers. Carbon fiber reinforced cement composite (CFRC) is an intrinsically smart material that can sense not only the stress and strain, but also the temperature. In this paper, variations of electrical resistivity with external applied load, and relation of thermoelectric force and temperature were investigated. Test results indicated that the electrical signal is related to the increase in the material volume resistivity during crack generation or propagation and the decrease in the resistivity during crack closure. Moreover, it was found that the fiber addition increased the linearity and reversibility of the Seebeck effect in the cement-based materials. The change of electrical characteristics reflects large amount of information of inner damage and temperature differential of composite, which can be used for stress-strain or thermal self-monitoring by embedding it in the concrete structures.

Characteristics of Smart Concrete with Fiber Optical Bragg Grating Sensor

Based on the advantages of the fiber Bragg grating sensing technology,this paper presents a principle of a novel smart concrete with fiber optical Bragg grating sensor,analyses the theory and characteristics,illustrates the key technology and method to make the fiber Bragg grating sensor for the smart concrete,and proves the feasibility with experiments.The results indicate that the smart concrete with fiber Bragg grating sensors is feasible in the structure monitoring and damage diagnosing in the long run.

The Smart Behavior of Cement-based Composite Containing Carbon Fibers under Three-point-bending Load

The influences of the fiber volume fraction on the electrical conductivity and the fraction change of electrical resistance under three-point-bending test were discussed.It is found that the relationship beween the electrical conductivity of composites and the fiber volume fraction can be explained by the percolation theory and the change of electrical resistance of specimens reflects to the process of loading.The sensitivity and the response of the change of electrical resistance to the load for specimens with different fiber volume fractions are quite different.which provide an important guide for the manufacture of conductive and intrinsically smart carbon fiber composite.

Carbon-Coated-Nylon-Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites as an Intrinsically Smart Concrete for Damage Assessment during Dynamic Loading

Concrete containing short carbon-coated-nylon fibers (0.4-2.0 vol. pct) exhibited quasi-ductile response by developing a large damage zone prior to fracture localization. In the damage zone, the material was microcracked but continued to local strain-harden. The carbon-coated-nylon-fiber-reinforced concrete composites (NFRC) were found to be an intrinsically smart concrete that could sense elastic and inelastic deformation, as well as fracture. The fibers served to bridge the cracks and the carbon coating gave the conduction path. The signal provided came from the change in electrical resistance, which was reversible for elastic deformation and irreversible for inelastic deformation and fracture. The resistance decrease was due to the reduction of surface touch resistance between fiber and matrix and the crack closure. The resistance irreversible increase resulted from the crack opening and breakage of the carbon coating on nylon fiber.

基于CiteSpace的智能纺织服装产品研究进展

为揭示智能纺织服装的研究现状、热点和趋势,以CNKI数据库和WOS数据库中2012—2022年的相关文献为研究对象,采用CiteSpace可视化分析软件绘制知识图谱,分析智能纺织服装产品在国家、机构、作者方面的分布现状及合作情况,对研究热点和前沿趋势进行梳理。结果表明,2012—2022年,CNKI数据库发文量稳步上升,WOS数据库发文量快速增长且中国学者发文量较多;CNKI数据库研究合作强度较低且以东华大学和江南大学为主体;WOS数据库合作关系密切,研究集中度和合作强度大;CNKI数据库研究方向更注重应用和设计模式,WOS数据库则更注重电子元件制造和智能纤维与面料的开发;健康检测、变色肌理、仿生设计、生物材料、可穿戴应变等是目前智能纺织服装领域的前沿热点,电子元件制造、智能纤维及面料智能化研究是未来智能纺织服装领域研究的热点及趋势。

基于智能跑道光栅阵列传感器的机型辨识方法

针对当前机型辨识方法易受环境影响的不足,提出了一种新的基于智能跑道光栅阵列传感器的机型辨识方法。利用光栅阵列横向布置光缆采集飞机滑跑通过时的分布式振动响应,通过分析多测区时程脉冲响应特征,确定主辅起落架通过光缆的时差。通过光栅阵列纵向布置光缆感知飞机的滑行轨迹,采用多项式拟合确定飞机滑行速度。基于飞机主辅起落架的测试值与理论值的匹配关系对飞机型号进行辨识,利用某机场试飞及开航2个月内的航班信息进行方法检验。结果显示,提出的机型辨识方法识别准确率可达98.44%,可以对B757、B738、A320和A321机型进行有效辨识。

智能纤维及智能针织产品的发展与应用

智能纤维及智能针织产品是一项蓬勃发展的领域,随着先进技术及材料的发展,智能针织产品为人们的生活提供了诸多的便利。探讨当前智能纤维材料及智能针织产品的最新进展和趋势。首先,介绍了智能纤维的特点、分类和生产方法等,包括智能变色纤维、形状记忆纤维、智能调温纤维、光导纤维、电子智能纤维以及智能凝胶纤维。然后,分析了智能针织产品的生产技术以及应用领域。最后,探讨了智能纤维和智能针织产品存在的问题和面临的挑战,并且给出了未来智能针织产品的发展方向。通过深入研究和创新,智能纤维及智能针织产品将为我们的生活带来更多可能性,促进智能生产与生活的实现。

基于GOOSE反馈机制的智能变电站过程层网络备用方法

智能变电站过程层光纤网络一旦发生故障,会使二次系统功能失效,故障修复效率低,可靠性降低。为此,提出一种基于GOOSE反馈机制的智能变电站过程层网络备用方法。文章根据二次系统对过程层网络的传输要求,对间隔抖动、丢帧率和光功率等指标建立相应的危害程度量化模型;建立了备用光纤光口单指标和综合指标启动判据;利用GOOSE反馈机制实现对主光纤光口的备用。仿真表明,所提方法可快速完成故障光纤光口的备用切换,提高了过程层网络的可靠性。

光纤光栅传感器研发及其在土木工程中的应用进展

从传感器类型出发介绍了表贴式、纤维增强聚合物式、管式和内嵌式封装光纤布拉格光栅传感器的结构型式、实施方式和关键技术,简述了各种封装方式传感器的工作原理、技术研发及工程应用进展,总结了不同封装方式传感器的优势和不足。然后,简要介绍了光纤布拉格光栅传感器在桥梁结构状态监测或检测中的典型工程应用案例。最后,指出了光纤布拉格光栅传感器在土木工程领域中的工艺工法、耐久性和分布式测量以及未来推广应用有待解决的关键问题等,为光纤布拉格光栅传感器技术优化及其在土木工程中的推广应用提供参考。

一维结构可穿戴柔性传感器研究进展

随着智能可穿戴技术的发展,人们对智能化、多功能、易携带的可穿戴设备需求日益增长,可穿戴柔性传感器受到广泛关注并逐渐成为柔性电子领域的研究热点。一维结构柔性传感器具备优异适形性、高集成度和性能稳定等优势,有助于开发高性能、可连续生产、多场景应用的可穿戴柔性电子产品。文章分析了用于一维结构穿戴柔性传感器的导电敏感材料和柔性基底材料,对一维结构穿戴柔性传感器的制备工艺进行划分,从表面涂层、纤维制备以及结构变化方面总结了各种一维结构穿戴柔性传感器的设计和应用。文章讨论了一维结构柔性传感器当前研究中需要突破的工作,对其在可穿戴应用领域的发展前景提出展望,为相关可穿戴柔性器件的研究提供理论价值和工程参考意义。

基于GPON的校园全光网建设与实践

目前,广州大学(以下简称“我校”)的新建楼宇正式投入使用。为构造智慧校园建设所需的网络环境,文章以全光网络技术在该大楼率先落地试点,讨论了现今高校传统三层校园网架构存在的弊端及全光校园网的实际落地过程,旨在以千兆无源光网络(Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks,GPON)技术为基础实现校园全光网建设。

纤维基柔性传感器的应用现状及发展趋势

纤维基柔性传感器作为一种基于纤维材料的柔性器件,不仅具有纺织品的柔韧性,还兼具信号感知与处理等功能,因其结构多样性和可组合设计性的优势,受到研究人员的广泛关注,在智能服装、医疗健康、人机交互和机器人触觉等领域具有广阔的发展前景。文章结合近年来国内外纤维基柔性传感器领域的研究成果,从力敏传感、气敏传感、温敏传感、湿敏传感、生物传感等五大方面全面综述了纤维基柔性传感器的应用现状,着重分析了能够满足不同应用需求的纤维基柔性传感器的结构设计策略、性能改善途径及相应的制备方法,对相同类型的传感器从原料制备、工作机制等方面进行了比较,最后对纤维基柔性传感器未来发展所面临的挑战和机遇进行了总结与展望。未来,随着传感器灵敏度、分辨率和稳定性的不断提高,纤维基传感器将趋于向材料多元化和绿色化、功能集成化和智能化及应用领域扩大化发展。

埋入式光纤传感原理及实验研究——航天Smart结构

对Ｓｍａｒｔ材料／结构中的光纤传感原理进行了探讨，并进行了实验研究。首先介绍了Ｓｍａｒｔ结构中常见的埋入式光纤传感器的特点及其工作原理，然后提出了应用多模光纤在编织复合材料Ｓｍａｒｔ结构中进行应变场测量的方案，建立了实验装置，给出了实验结果并进行了讨论。

基于光栅动画图案合成光纤织物的设计及其实现

通过光栅原理将动态画面用于织物设计时,易出现织物的双层结构复杂、色彩难以精准控制等问题,提出基于光栅动画图案合成原理设计动态图案光纤织物,利用提花工艺将光纤和纱线织造成图案织物,使用发光二极管作为光源,通过热塑管将其分别与聚合物光纤耦合连接,利用发光控制器,使得二极管依次间隔发光,显示相邻动作的静态图案。还分析了合成图片个数、切分用光栅细度、分组发光频率等对图案动态效果的影响。以光纤和棉纱为原料,采用提花织机设计和织造聚合物光纤织物,结果表明:当以直径为0.25 mm的聚合物光纤作为最小发光单元时,5帧数合成的光纤发光织物能够同时兼顾动画呈现的识别度和流畅度;间隔条纹宽度在0.25 mm时,动态效果呈现时,物体轮廓越清晰;当发光频率为0.2 s时,其呈现的动态效果最好。该思路开拓了织物上动态图案呈现的全新实现方法。

静电纺压电聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维研究

因聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)具有优异的压电性能、化学稳定性,在柔性传感器、钠离子电池隔膜和生物医学方面具有广泛应用。但纯PVDF的β相含量没有达到理想状态,而静电纺丝技术是一种简便有效制备纳米纤维的方法,可以有效控制纤维直径、提高PVDF的β压电相性能。文章对PVDF性能与静电纺丝技术分别进行介绍,对静电纺PVDF纳米纤维工艺及其影响因素进行分析,对静电纺施加电压、接收距离与β相含量关系进行对比,对静电纺PVDF的主要应用情况进行说明。

长距离光纤频率级联传递技术发展现状及其在电力系统中的应用

我国电力系统自动化技术与智能电网的建设与发展对长距离时频传递精度与可靠性提出更高需求。地基光纤授时由于其传输媒介具有抗干扰能力强和抗毁性高等优点,结合级联传递技术,可为长距离、高稳定、高可靠的频率传递提供坚实保障。文章详细总结分析了近些年国内外光纤频率级联传递系统架构和发展现状,并对未来长距离光纤频率传递技术的发展趋势及其在电力系统中的应用前景进行展望,为天地互备的时频同步网建设提供支撑。

基于光学传感技术的呼吸监测智能服装研究

呼吸监测智能服装是生理体征监测类智能服装中的一类,可以通过对呼吸信号的监测来反映穿着者的健康状况。文章针对消费者对日常呼吸监测的需求,利用缺口光纤开发压力传感器,并进行不同结构传感器的性能对比,制作出具有呼吸监测功能的智能服装。试验表明:所设计制作的基于光学传感技术的呼吸监测智能服装与商业呼吸监测传感器监测结果一致,呼吸监测准确率达到了95%,能够为消费者在不同姿势下的呼吸监测提供保障。

纤维材料在智能纺织品的研究与应用

纤维材料的研究和应用直接关系到社会民众的日常生活和相关革命性制造业的发展。然而,传统的纤维和纤维产品已经不能满足现代社会自动化、智能化的要求,也不能满足人们追求智能、前卫、时尚、独特的消费需求。经过二十多年的研究,新的纤维器件和新的应用领域不断被发现。综述了先进纤维材料的研究进展,不同可穿戴应用的代表性研究以及主流纤维材料和可穿戴电子产品面临的主要挑战,最后对未来的研究方向进行了展望。