Growing health awareness triggers the public's concern about health problems. People want a timely and comprehensive picture of their condition without frequent trips to the hospital for costly and cumbersome gene...Growing health awareness triggers the public's concern about health problems. People want a timely and comprehensive picture of their condition without frequent trips to the hospital for costly and cumbersome general check-ups. The wearable technique provides a continuous measurement method for health monitoring by tracking a person's physiological data and analyzing it locally or remotely.During the health monitoring process,different kinds of sensors convert physiological signals into electrical or optical signals that can be recorded and transmitted, consequently playing a crucial role in wearable techniques. Wearable application scenarios usually require sensors to possess excellent flexibility and stretchability. Thus, designing flexible and stretchable sensors with reliable performance is the key to wearable technology. Smart composite hydrogels, which have tunable electrical properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and multi-stimulus sensitivity, are one of the best sensitive materials for wearable health monitoring. This review summarizes the common synthetic and performance optimization strategies of smart composite hydrogels and focuses on the current application of smart composite hydrogels in the field of wearable health monitoring.展开更多
This review summarizes recent progress of the robust and smart hydrogels prepared from natural polymers including polysaccharides, proteins, etc. These hydrogels exhibit outstanding mechanical properties due to their ...This review summarizes recent progress of the robust and smart hydrogels prepared from natural polymers including polysaccharides, proteins, etc. These hydrogels exhibit outstanding mechanical properties due to their nanofibrous aggregated microstructures and special crosslinking networks. Furthermore, these hydrogels show some smart stimuliresponsive behaviors triggered by p H, temperature, light, electricity and magnetism. Hopefully, these hydrogels derived from natural polymers with inherent biodegradation and biocompatibility have great application potential in the fields of biomedicine, tissue engineering, soft robots and bio-machine.展开更多
The increasing development of biomedicine and bioelectronics has highlighted the requirement for smart materials that can respond to changes in physical and chemical properties under external environments,such as magn...The increasing development of biomedicine and bioelectronics has highlighted the requirement for smart materials that can respond to changes in physical and chemical properties under external environments,such as magnetic fields,electric fields,and temperature.Accordingly,hydrogels have been widely evaluated as promising candidates for smart materials owing to their intriguing structures comprising a cross‐linked network of polymer chains with interstitial spaces filled with solvent water.This feature endows hydrogels with soft and wet characteristics,which not only induce high tissue affinity but also allow the introduction of environmentally responsive nanoparticles to release specific smart properties.Herein,we reviewed novel smart hydrogels that can be applied in biomedicine and bioelectronics,and highlighted and discussed existing challenges in current technologies and research.展开更多
Smart material can be defined as a material that can dock or convert energy between physical domains or as a material that can generate a response, in their characteristics, properties or geometries, when submitted to...Smart material can be defined as a material that can dock or convert energy between physical domains or as a material that can generate a response, in their characteristics, properties or geometries, when submitted to an external stimulus, for example, to heat, water presence, light, etc. In this paper, the second definition will be approached. Hydrogels are crosslinked materials that can absorb a big amount of water. They generally can be considered as smart materials once they exhibit sensibility to external stimuli like to pH variation, as will be approached in this paper. Thus, chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogels of three different ratios between these two polymers (1:1, 7:3 and 3:7) were synthesized and putted in aqueous solution with different pHs. The pH was adjusted adding drops of NaOH and HCl, slowly. After the collection of results and in order to understand the phenomena in a visual way, models of the molecules were also elaborated using the Avogadro software. Therefore, it was possible to realize that the greater the ratio of chitosan in the hydrogel, the greater its sensitivity to pH. Such characteristic is associated with the amino (-NH2) groups in it structure, which are capable of protonating and deprotonating (depending of the pH), generating charges under the chemical structure of the material, which will expand its volume in order to minimize the repulsion between charges. In addition, it was also noted that the hydrogel expansion is inversely proportional to the pH increase. By practical tests, it was possible to conclude that chitosan/PVP hydrogel with ratio 7:3 is the most interesting once it presented a greater quantity of chitosan in its composition, what implied in more rigidity than the others and greater ease of handling, resulting in more reliable results. This hydrogel also showed higher sensitivity to pH.展开更多
Smart Materials are along with Innovation attributes and Artificial Intelligence among the most used “buzz” words in all media. Central to their practical occurrence, many talents are to be gathered within new conte...Smart Materials are along with Innovation attributes and Artificial Intelligence among the most used “buzz” words in all media. Central to their practical occurrence, many talents are to be gathered within new contextual data influxes. Has this, in the last 20 years, changed some of the essential fundamental dimensions and the required skills of the actors such as providers, users, insiders, etc.? This is a preliminary focus and prelude of this review. As an example, polysaccharide materials are the most abundant macromolecules present as an integral part of the natural system of our planet. They are renewable, biodegradable, carbon neutral with low environmental, health and safety risks and serve as structural materials in the cell walls of plants. Most of them are used, for many years, as engineering materials in many important industrial processes, such as pulp and papermaking and manufacture of synthetic textile fibres. They are also used in other domains such as conversion into biofuels and, more recently, in the design of processes using polysaccharide nanoparticles. The main properties of polysaccharides (e.g. low density, thermal stability, chemical resistance, high mechanical strength…), together with their biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, durability and uniformity, allow their use for manufacturing smart materials such as blends and composites, electroactive polymers and hydrogels which can be obtained 1) through direct utilization and/or 2) after chemical or physical modifications of the polysaccharides. This paper reviews recent works developed on polysaccharides, mainly on cellulose, hemicelluloses, chitin, chitosans, alginates, and their by-products (blends and composites), with the objectives of manufacturing smart materials. It is worth noting that, today, the fundamental understanding of the molecular level interactions that confer smartness to polysaccharides remains poor and one can predict that new experimental and theoretical tools will emerge to develop the necessary understanding of the structure-property-function relationships that will enable polysaccharide-smartness to be better understood and controlled, giving rise to the development of new and innovative applications such as nanotechnology, foods, cosmetics and medicine (e.g. controlled drug release and regenerative medicine) and so, opening up major commercial markets in the context of green chemistry.展开更多
The irregular defects and residual tumor tissue after surgery are challenges for effective breast cancer treatment.Herein,a smart hydrogel with self-adaptable size and dual responsive cargos release was fabricated to ...The irregular defects and residual tumor tissue after surgery are challenges for effective breast cancer treatment.Herein,a smart hydrogel with self-adaptable size and dual responsive cargos release was fabricated to treat breast cancer via accurate tumor elimination,on-demand adipose tissue regeneration and effective infection inhibition.The hydrogel consisted of thiol groups ended polyethylene glycol(SH-PEG-SH)and doxorubicin encapsulated mesoporous silica nanocarriers(DOX@MSNs)double crosslinked hyaluronic acid(HA)after loading of antibacterial peptides(AP)and adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs).A pH-cleavable unsaturated amide bond was pre-introduced between MSNs and HA frame to perform the tumor-specific acidic environment dependent DOX@MSNs release,meanwhile an esterase degradable glyceryl dimethacrylate cap was grafted on MSNs,which contributed to the selective chemotherapy in tumor cells with over-expressed esterase.The bond cleavage between MSNs and HA would also cause the swelling of the hydrogel,which not only provide sufficient space for the growth of ADSCs,but allows the hydrogel to fully fill the irregular defects generated by surgery and residual tumor atrophy,resulting in the on-demand regeneration of adipose tissue.Moreover,the sustained release of AP could be simultaneously triggered along with the size change of hydrogel,which further avoided bacterial infection to promote tissue regeneration.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61801525)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Nos. 2020A1515010693, 2021A1515110269)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yatsen University (No. 22lgqb17)the Independent Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies (Sun Yat-sen University) under grant No. OEMT-2022-ZRC-05。
文摘Growing health awareness triggers the public's concern about health problems. People want a timely and comprehensive picture of their condition without frequent trips to the hospital for costly and cumbersome general check-ups. The wearable technique provides a continuous measurement method for health monitoring by tracking a person's physiological data and analyzing it locally or remotely.During the health monitoring process,different kinds of sensors convert physiological signals into electrical or optical signals that can be recorded and transmitted, consequently playing a crucial role in wearable techniques. Wearable application scenarios usually require sensors to possess excellent flexibility and stretchability. Thus, designing flexible and stretchable sensors with reliable performance is the key to wearable technology. Smart composite hydrogels, which have tunable electrical properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and multi-stimulus sensitivity, are one of the best sensitive materials for wearable health monitoring. This review summarizes the common synthetic and performance optimization strategies of smart composite hydrogels and focuses on the current application of smart composite hydrogels in the field of wearable health monitoring.
基金financially supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21334005)the Major International(Regional)Joint Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21620102004)
文摘This review summarizes recent progress of the robust and smart hydrogels prepared from natural polymers including polysaccharides, proteins, etc. These hydrogels exhibit outstanding mechanical properties due to their nanofibrous aggregated microstructures and special crosslinking networks. Furthermore, these hydrogels show some smart stimuliresponsive behaviors triggered by p H, temperature, light, electricity and magnetism. Hopefully, these hydrogels derived from natural polymers with inherent biodegradation and biocompatibility have great application potential in the fields of biomedicine, tissue engineering, soft robots and bio-machine.
基金Key‐Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2019B010941002National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82072071,51972276+2 种基金Sichuan Key Research and Development Program,Grant/Award Number:22ZDYF2034Shenzhen Funds of the Central Government,Grant/Award Number:2021SZVUP123Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2682020ZT79。
文摘The increasing development of biomedicine and bioelectronics has highlighted the requirement for smart materials that can respond to changes in physical and chemical properties under external environments,such as magnetic fields,electric fields,and temperature.Accordingly,hydrogels have been widely evaluated as promising candidates for smart materials owing to their intriguing structures comprising a cross‐linked network of polymer chains with interstitial spaces filled with solvent water.This feature endows hydrogels with soft and wet characteristics,which not only induce high tissue affinity but also allow the introduction of environmentally responsive nanoparticles to release specific smart properties.Herein,we reviewed novel smart hydrogels that can be applied in biomedicine and bioelectronics,and highlighted and discussed existing challenges in current technologies and research.
文摘Smart material can be defined as a material that can dock or convert energy between physical domains or as a material that can generate a response, in their characteristics, properties or geometries, when submitted to an external stimulus, for example, to heat, water presence, light, etc. In this paper, the second definition will be approached. Hydrogels are crosslinked materials that can absorb a big amount of water. They generally can be considered as smart materials once they exhibit sensibility to external stimuli like to pH variation, as will be approached in this paper. Thus, chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogels of three different ratios between these two polymers (1:1, 7:3 and 3:7) were synthesized and putted in aqueous solution with different pHs. The pH was adjusted adding drops of NaOH and HCl, slowly. After the collection of results and in order to understand the phenomena in a visual way, models of the molecules were also elaborated using the Avogadro software. Therefore, it was possible to realize that the greater the ratio of chitosan in the hydrogel, the greater its sensitivity to pH. Such characteristic is associated with the amino (-NH2) groups in it structure, which are capable of protonating and deprotonating (depending of the pH), generating charges under the chemical structure of the material, which will expand its volume in order to minimize the repulsion between charges. In addition, it was also noted that the hydrogel expansion is inversely proportional to the pH increase. By practical tests, it was possible to conclude that chitosan/PVP hydrogel with ratio 7:3 is the most interesting once it presented a greater quantity of chitosan in its composition, what implied in more rigidity than the others and greater ease of handling, resulting in more reliable results. This hydrogel also showed higher sensitivity to pH.
文摘Smart Materials are along with Innovation attributes and Artificial Intelligence among the most used “buzz” words in all media. Central to their practical occurrence, many talents are to be gathered within new contextual data influxes. Has this, in the last 20 years, changed some of the essential fundamental dimensions and the required skills of the actors such as providers, users, insiders, etc.? This is a preliminary focus and prelude of this review. As an example, polysaccharide materials are the most abundant macromolecules present as an integral part of the natural system of our planet. They are renewable, biodegradable, carbon neutral with low environmental, health and safety risks and serve as structural materials in the cell walls of plants. Most of them are used, for many years, as engineering materials in many important industrial processes, such as pulp and papermaking and manufacture of synthetic textile fibres. They are also used in other domains such as conversion into biofuels and, more recently, in the design of processes using polysaccharide nanoparticles. The main properties of polysaccharides (e.g. low density, thermal stability, chemical resistance, high mechanical strength…), together with their biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, durability and uniformity, allow their use for manufacturing smart materials such as blends and composites, electroactive polymers and hydrogels which can be obtained 1) through direct utilization and/or 2) after chemical or physical modifications of the polysaccharides. This paper reviews recent works developed on polysaccharides, mainly on cellulose, hemicelluloses, chitin, chitosans, alginates, and their by-products (blends and composites), with the objectives of manufacturing smart materials. It is worth noting that, today, the fundamental understanding of the molecular level interactions that confer smartness to polysaccharides remains poor and one can predict that new experimental and theoretical tools will emerge to develop the necessary understanding of the structure-property-function relationships that will enable polysaccharide-smartness to be better understood and controlled, giving rise to the development of new and innovative applications such as nanotechnology, foods, cosmetics and medicine (e.g. controlled drug release and regenerative medicine) and so, opening up major commercial markets in the context of green chemistry.
基金the National High Level Talents Special Support Plan(X.C.)the“Young Talent Support Plan”of Xi'an Jiaotong University(X.C.)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2022JZ-48 to X.C.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272141 to X.C.)the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan Project(No.2023-JC-QN-0260 to X.Q.).
文摘The irregular defects and residual tumor tissue after surgery are challenges for effective breast cancer treatment.Herein,a smart hydrogel with self-adaptable size and dual responsive cargos release was fabricated to treat breast cancer via accurate tumor elimination,on-demand adipose tissue regeneration and effective infection inhibition.The hydrogel consisted of thiol groups ended polyethylene glycol(SH-PEG-SH)and doxorubicin encapsulated mesoporous silica nanocarriers(DOX@MSNs)double crosslinked hyaluronic acid(HA)after loading of antibacterial peptides(AP)and adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs).A pH-cleavable unsaturated amide bond was pre-introduced between MSNs and HA frame to perform the tumor-specific acidic environment dependent DOX@MSNs release,meanwhile an esterase degradable glyceryl dimethacrylate cap was grafted on MSNs,which contributed to the selective chemotherapy in tumor cells with over-expressed esterase.The bond cleavage between MSNs and HA would also cause the swelling of the hydrogel,which not only provide sufficient space for the growth of ADSCs,but allows the hydrogel to fully fill the irregular defects generated by surgery and residual tumor atrophy,resulting in the on-demand regeneration of adipose tissue.Moreover,the sustained release of AP could be simultaneously triggered along with the size change of hydrogel,which further avoided bacterial infection to promote tissue regeneration.
