Augmented IoT Model for Smart Agriculture and Farm Irrigation Water Conservation

In Northern Nigeria, irrigation systems are operated manually. Agriculture has over the years been practiced primitively by farmers, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This is due to the absence of intelligent technological know-how where its practice could be leveraged upon. Agricultural practice is constrained by some major challenges ranging from traditional way of farming, understating of concepts, practices, policy, environmental and financial factors. The aim of this study was to optimize an IoT-based model for smart agriculture and irrigation water management. The objectives of the study were to: design, implement, test and evaluate the performance of the optimized IoT-based model for smart agriculture and irrigation water management. The method used in the study was the prototyping model. The system was designed using balsamiq application tools. The system has a login page, dashboard, system USE-CASE diagrams, actuators page, sensor page and application interface design. Justinmind tool was used to show the flow of information in the system, which included data input and output, data stores and all the sub-processes the data moves through. The Optimized IoT model was implemented using four core platforms namely, ReactJS Frontend Application development platform, Amazon web services IoT Core backend, Arduino Development platform for developing sensor nodes and Python programming language for the actuator node based on Raspberry Pi board. When compared with the existing system, the results show that the optimized system is better than the existing system in accuracy of measurement, irrigation water management, operation node, platform access, real-time video, user friendly and efficiency. The study successfully optimized an IoT-based model for smart agriculture and irrigation water management. The study introduced the modern way of irrigation farming in the 21st century against the traditional or primitive way of irrigation farming that involved intensive human participation.

Wettability alteration and oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition of smart water and surfactants into carbonates

Naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs have very low oil recovery efficiency owing to their wettability and tightness of matrix.However,smart water can enhance oil recovery by changing the wettability of the carbonate rock surface from oilwet to water-wet,and the addition of surfactants can also change surface wettability.In the present study,the effects of a solution of modified seawater with some surfactants,namely C12 TAB,SDS,and TritonX-100(TX-100),on the wettability of carbonate rock were investigated through contact angle measurements.Oil recovery was studied using spontaneous imbibition tests at 25,70,and 90°C,followed by thermal gravity analysis to measure the amount of adsorbed material on the carbonate surface.The results indicated that Ca2+,Mg2+,and SO42-.ions may alter the carbonate rock wettability from oil-wet to water-wet,with further water wettability obtained at higher concentrations of the ions in modified seawater.Removal of NaCl from the imbibing fluid resulted in a reduced contact angle and significantly enhanced oil recovery.Low oil recoveries were obtained with modified seawater at 25 and 70°C,but once the temperature was increased to 90°C,the oil recovery in the spontaneous imbibition experiment increased dramatically.Application of smart water with C12 TAB surfactant at 0.1 wt%changed the contact angle from 161°to 52°and enhanced oil recovery to 72%,while the presence of the anionic surfactant SDS at 0.1 wt%in the smart water increased oil recovery to 64.5%.The TGA analysis results indicated that the adsorbed materials on the carbonate surface were minimal for the solution containing seawater with C12 TAB at 0.1 wt%(SW+CTAB(0.1 wt%)).Based on the experimental results,a mechanism was proposed for wettability alteration of carbonate rocks using smart water with SDS and C12 TAB surfactants.

Enhancing the spontaneous imbibition rate of water in oil-wet dolomite rocks through boosting a wettability alteration process using carbonated smart brines

Most fractured carbonate oil reservoirs have oil-wet rocks.Therefore,the process of imbibing water from the fractures into the matrix is usually poor or basically does not exist due to negative capillary pressure.To achieve appropriate ultimate oil recovery in these reservoirs,a water-based enhanced oil recovery method must be capable of altering the wettability of matrix blocks.Previous studies showed that carbonated water can alter wettability of carbonate oil-wet rocks toward less oil-wet or neutral wettability conditions,but the degree of modification is not high enough to allow water to imbibe spontaneously into the matrix blocks at an effective rate.In this study,we manipulated carbonated brine chemistry to enhance its wettability alteration features and hence to improve water imbibition rate and ultimate oil recovery upon spontaneous imbibition in dolomite rocks.First,the contact angle and interfacial tension(IFT)of brine/crude oil systems were measured for several synthetic brine samples with different compositions.Thereafter,two solutions with a significant difference in WAI(wettability alteration index)but approximately equal brine/oil IFT were chosen for spontaneous imbibition experiments.In the next step,spontaneous imbibition experiments at ambient and high pressures were conducted to evaluate the ability of carbonated smart water in enhancing the spontaneous imbibition rate and ultimate oil recovery in dolomite rocks.Experimental results showed that an appropriate adjustment of the imbibition brine(i.e.,carbonated smart water)chemistry improves imbibition rate of carbonated water in oil-wet dolomite rocks as well as the ultimate oil recovery.

Wettability alteration analysis of smart water/novel functionalized nanocomposites for enhanced oil recovery

Smart water flooding,as a popular method to change the wettability of carbonate rocks,is one of the interesting and challenging issues in reservoir engineering.In addition,the recent studies show that nanoparticles have a great potential for application in EOR processes.However,little research has been conducted on the use of smart water with nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery.In this study,stability,contact angle and IFT measurements and multi-step core flooding tests were designed to investigate the effect of the ionic composition of smart water containing SO4^2- and Ca^2+ ions in the presence of nanofluid on EOR processes.The amine/organosiloxane@Al2O3/SiO2(AOAS) nanocomposite previously synthesized using co-precipitation-hydrothermal method has been used here.However,for the first time the application of this nanocomposite along with smart water has been studied in this research.Results show that by increasing the concentrations of calcium and sulfate ions in smart water,oil recovery is improved by 9% and 10%,respectively,compared to seawater.In addition,the use of smart water and nanofluids simultaneously is very effective on increasing oil recovery.Finally,the best performance was observed in smart water containing two times of sulfate ions concentration(SW2 S) with nanofluids,showing increased efficiency of about 7.5%.

Effects of salinity and ionic composition of smart water on mineral scaling in carbonate reservoirs during water flooding

This work was conducted to study the risk of formation damage as the result of mineral scales deposition during smart waterflooding into carbonate core sample,as well as the influence of injected water salinity and ionic composition on mineral scaling and precipitation.The reservoir flowing conditions were simulated by a new laboratory core-flooding procedure,which took into count of the effect of in-situ contact time(CT)of injected water and formation water on scaling.After the optimum CT was determined,extent of permeability decline was studied by the change in the salinity and ionic composition of injection seawater.The scaled core sample was analyzed visually by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)to study the crystal morphology of the scale.Under the experimental conditions,extent of permeability decline caused by CaSO_(4) and CaSO_(3) composite scales ranged from 61% to 79.1% of the initial permeability.The salinity and the ionic composition of injected smart water,and CT of the mixing waters had significant effects on the co-precipitation of CaSO_(4) and CaSO_(3) scales.The SEM images reveal that the loss of permeability is mainly caused by the accumulation and growth perpendicular to the pore wall of scale crystals.

Protecting Water Quality and Public Health Using a Smart Grid

After the attacks on September 11, 2001 and the follow-up risk assessments by utilities across the United States, securing the water distribution system against malevolent attack became a strategic goal for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Following 3 years of development work on a Contamination Warning System (CWS) at the Greater Cincinnati Water Works, four major cities across the United States were selected to enhance the CWS development conducted by the USEPA. One of the major efforts undertaken was to develop a process to seamlessly process “Big Data” sets in real time from different sources (online water quality monitoring, consumer complaints, enhanced security, public health surveillance, and sampling and analysis) and graphically display actionable information for operators to evaluate and respond to appropriately. The most significant finding that arose from the development and implementation of the “dashboard” were the dual benefits observed by all four utilities: the ability to enhance their operations and improve the regulatory compliance of their water distribution systems. Challenge: While most of the utilities had systems in place for SCADA, Work Order Management, Laboratory Management, 311 Call Center Management, Hydraulic Models, Public Health Monitoring, and GIS, these systems were not integrated, resulting in duplicate data entry, which made it difficult to trace back to a “single source of truth.” Each one of these data sources can produce a wealth of raw data. For most utilities, very little of this data is being translated into actionable information as utilities cannot overwhelm their staffs with manually processing the mountains of data generated. Instead, utilities prefer to provide their staffs with actionable information that is easily understood and provides the basis for rapid decision-making. Smart grid systems were developed so utilities can essentially find the actionable needle in the haystack of data. Utilities can then focus on rapidly evaluating the new information, compare it known activities occurring in the system, and identify the correct level of response required. Solution: CH2M HILL was engaged to design, implement, integrate, and deploy a unified spatial dashboard/smart grid system. This system included the processes, technology, automation, and governance necessary to link together the disparate systems in real time and fuse these data streams to the GIS. The overall solution mapped the business process involved with the data collection, the information flow requirements, and the system and application requirements. With these fundamentals defined, system integration was implemented to ensure that the individual systems worked together, eliminating need for duplicate data entry and manual processing. The spatial dashboard was developed on top of the integration platform, allowing the underlying component data streams to be visualized in a spatial setting. Result: With the smart grid system in place, the utilities had a straightforward method to determine the true operating conditions of their systems in real time, quickly identify a potential non-compliance problem in the early stages, and improve system security. The smart grid system has freed staff to focus on improving water quality through the automation of many mundane daily tasks. The system also plays an integral role in monitoring and optimizing the utilities’ daily operations and has been relied on during recovery operations, such as those in response to recent Superstorm Sandy. CH2M HILL is starting to identify the processes needed to expand the application of the smart grid system to include real-time water demands using AMI/AMR and real-time energy loads from pumping facilities. Once the smart grid system has been expanded to include Quality-Quantity-Energy, CH2M HILL can apply optimization engines to provide utility operations staffs with a true optimization tool for their water systems.

城市内涝预警预报系统研发及应用

城市内涝问题具有成因多元、影响面广的特点,是基础性社会问题。分析了城市内涝的成因,提出通过信息化手段提升城市内涝灾害应对能力。构建基于内涝实时物联感知、数据汇聚、数学模型预报、大数据分析、水利数字孪生的城市内涝预警预报系统,并在宁波市进行了应用。通过搭建“天基”监测预警、“落地雨”监测预警、内涝预报预警、内涝成因分析、内涝影响评估等功能模块,实现了城区内涝的精准模拟、风险图的在线绘制以及内涝损失的高效评估,有力支撑了城市暴雨内涝灾害预报预警,提升了城市内涝风险管控能力。

工业互联技术在校园供水系统中的应用探讨——以南京中医药大学二次供水泵站智慧化改造项目为例

高校作为社会用水大户,由于用水类型复杂、部分学校供水设施落后老化、水系统智慧化管理手段缺失或应用效果不达标等因素,导致校园供水系统存在运行安全性不高、水质水压无保证、管道漏损率偏高、管理效率低下等问题。南京中医药大学运用以工业互联技术为核心的一系列先进技术,改造建成智慧供水标准化泵站。通过智联供水设备改造,环境保障改造,蓄水池水质保障改造,压力调节系统改造等,并通过平台化管理提高运维管理效率,实现了良好的改造效益。

机器学习在水务行业中的应用现状与发展前景

机器学习是人工智能领域的主流算法,近年来水务行业的数据量呈指数级增加,以机器学习为主流算法的人工智能技术在水务行业中的应用逐步得到拓展。综述了机器学习在我国水务行业中的应用现状与发展前景。目前机器学习凭借其强大的数据挖掘能力在水资源优化调度、水处理厂运维、管网运维及城市雨洪管理方面具有较为广泛的应用,在水务信息化和数据资源深度挖掘与整合利用方面做出了突出贡献。未来机器学习能够助力双碳背景下污水厂提标改造,持续推动水务信息数字化向智能化转型。

水利工程专业智慧水利能力培养与实践研究

为适应智慧水利背景下水利工程建设的要求,迫切需要培养具有融合新技术知识背景的高层次智慧水利专业人才。本文分析了水利工程专业智慧水利能力培养与实践的意义,总结归纳了水利工程专业智慧水利能力培养与实践研究现状,提出智慧水利特色人才培养可以从校企合作协同育人模式、水利工程专业课程体系以及智慧水利实践能力培养基地等方面进行改革探讨,达到培养具有水利工程智能型应用能力的高素质特色人才的目的,可为我国社会主义现代化水利事业建设奠定人才基础。

城市供水时空数据的异常模式可视分析方法研究

时空数据的可视化被广泛应用于各行业领域,对于数据分析至关重要,但是传统的可视化方法在处理具有多维属性的城市供水时空数据时存在一定的局限性。首先,他们专注于某种数据格式的可视化,缺乏可扩展性。其次,它们无法提供多样化的类别可视化。为了应对这些挑战,提出了一种交互式方法用于直观展示与分析城市供水的时空数据,并开发了对应的可视化系统。该系统基于透镜策略设计了一种新的影响视图,这是一种用于聚合、抽象和简单化展示多元时空数据的方法,可实现供水时空数据的多元可视化、交互探索和分析,用于分析推断当前模式的隐含影响。并且该工具组装了一组有效的交互可视化,以支持状态监测、因素检查和级联搜索,促进了深入的级联分析。通过将时空数据与交互式可视化相结合的方式使分析人员能够推断和解释时空背景中的潜在级联模式。最后通过案例分析与用户评估验证所提方法与系统的有效性与实用性,结果表明所提方法能更好地协助使用者分析城市供水时空数据。

基于气象要素驱动的流域水旱灾害智慧“四预”系统研究及应用探析

为助力数字孪生水利体系建设,以探索流域水文与气象的复杂联动关系为基础,研究长期气候变化和短期极端天气事件对流域水旱灾害发生频率的潜在影响,推动关键气象要素驱动数据集的多源数据融合和水文气象预测平台的构建,通过中短期极端气象事件的实时预报和同步解译,提升流域防洪抗旱决策制定及工作部署的能力和反应速度。研究成果对于推动数字孪生流域水旱灾害“四预”精细化和智慧化具有重要意义。

深圳市水利发展规划中智慧水利指标体系研究

针对传统水利发展规划中信息化指标存在的重视程度不高、代表性不足、引领性不强等问题,以深圳市水务数字化转型为目标导向,分析了水务数字化转型的内涵及实施路径。结合深圳市智慧水务现状与不足,从软硬件设施建设、关键能力打造、建设成效等方面出发构建了包含1个一级指标、3个二级指标、8个三级指标的深圳市水务发展“十四五”规划智慧水务指标体系,并详细说明了指标设置的业务需求、定义、计算方法和目标值。研究表明,该指标体系具备发展规划所需的引领性、代表性及考核性,对各地各级水利发展规划中智慧水利指标的设置具有一定的借鉴意义。

智慧水务在朝阳区水系连通工程中应用设计初探

朝阳区水系连通工程利用引、调、自流等方式将朝阳区38条河流进行了物理连通,形成了地表河网,并研究了河流生态流量、防洪等不同目标的河网水系调度方案。为了高效利用朝阳区水系连通工程,更好地实现工程效益,直观展示河流闸坝泵站工作,以及不同调度方案下河流工况和水情,本文探讨了智慧水务系统平台在水系连通工程中的应用,初步设计了与水系连通工程运行调度相关的板块展示内容,是使用智慧水务信息化系统对河流水系硬件调度和管理的有益探索,为下一步河流生态化管护工作构建了相关指标体系。

浅析智慧水务系统在农村饮水安全工程管理中的应用

文章科学论述了智慧水务系统在农村饮水安全工程管理中的实际应用价值,强调了智慧水务系统依托现代信息技术提高农村饮水安全工程管理的自动化、数字化、智能化水平,保证了农村饮水水质达标、水量充足、管理精细化与低成本化。同时,从架构设计、网络结构设计、功能模块设计等层面阐述了农村饮水安全工程管理中智慧水务系统的应用体系与应用场景,有效解决农村饮水安全监管任务重、监控水平低下、综合水质差等诸多问题,切实提升农村饮水安全管理水平、服务质量与综合保障能力。

青岛市现代水网一体化智慧管理系统应用实践

随着青岛市城市水网设施的不断完善,建立一套完整准确的水网一体化综合管理系统已成为现代城市发展的迫切需求。从“大水网一体化”执行目标出发,该系统覆盖供水、排水、再生水和海水淡化地下管网,并立足于实际运营中的切实需求,旨在打造山东省企业级水网一体化智慧管理系统。该系统全面增强了水资源的统筹调配能力、供排水的保障能力、水旱灾害防御能力以及水生态治理保护能力。通过开展系统创新模块的研发工作,有效推动了青岛市水务的高质量发展。青岛市现代水网一体化智慧管理系统的应用实践为特大型城市水网管理一体化提供了实践经验和案例,具有重要的实践意义和参考价值。

湖南省现代水利信息技术平台实践研究

为促进湖南省水利管理智慧化,推进水利现代化,以湖南省水利工程大数据融合为基础,各类水利数字工程和专业分析数学等模型为支撑,智能决策和智慧应用服务为出发点,对现代水利信息技术平台进行探索,主要研究信息技术平台中的工程可视化系统。采用物联网、建筑信息模型、三维地理信息系统、BIM轻量化引擎等技术方法,定制开发各项功能,分析典型堤垸及规划管理2个典型应用场景的建设,研究结果表明信息技术平台在不同场景下均可适用,可推动水利数字工程的实施和应用,提升水利信息化应用水平,促进水利工程管理现代化。

“智慧水利”背景下工程水文学教学改革研究与实践

随着我国水利和水电产业的持续壮大,以及大数据、人工智能等新兴信息技术与传统产业的迅速整合,“智慧水利”已逐渐成为水利领域未来发展的不二选择。“工程水文学”的课程内容、教学方式也应顺应潮流进行改革和提升。文章针对目前课程教学中存在的问题,从课程培养体系、教师团队协同培养模式、创新实践平台三个方面进行创新性探索,以学生和授课教师为双主体,推进智慧化教学改革,形成多学科交叉的课程培养体系,推行教师团队协同培养模式,构建多学科交叉融合的创新实践平台。

城市智慧排水系统的设计与应用

智慧排水系统作为城市智慧水务的重要组成部分,以排水工程信息和动态监控信息为基础,利用大数据、云计算、物联网、人工智能、地理信息系统、建筑信息模型等信息技术和专业模型,通过水务信息的采集、传输、存储、处理、服务,实现远程监控、信息采集、系统智能调度、事故智慧预警等功能,为排水设施运行维护管理、污染防治提供辅助决策,使排水公司管理由分散转向集中、由粗放转向精细化和智能化,从而实现城市排水系统的优化调度和精准管理[1-3],提高核心竞争力。

浅谈现代智慧水利系统技术应用与实践

水利工程在调配水资源、开发和利用水资源方面发挥着积极作用,在大数据和信息化时代背景下,我国也在持续加强智慧水利建设,促进计算机网络技术、大数据技术和物联网技术等先进技术的科学应用,以实现水利工程的全过程、动态化监测和勘察设计、施工建设、运营维护、拆除等环节的综合化管理,用以支撑水利工程项目的安全稳定运行,在提高运维管理水平的同时,降低运维成本。简要分析智慧水利建设的作用意义,就现代智慧水利系统设计与应用实践提出一些建议。