With the rapid development and application of emerging information technologies such as cloud computing,big data,artificial intelligence,5G,satellite communication,and blockchain in urban rail transit,China’s urban r...With the rapid development and application of emerging information technologies such as cloud computing,big data,artificial intelligence,5G,satellite communication,and blockchain in urban rail transit,China’s urban rail transit has entered an era of intelligent transformation and upgrading.The development of intelligent systems and the construction of smart urban rail transit have formed a consensus in the industry.The electromechanical system is an important component of urban rail transit engineering,covering power supply stations,vehicles,stations,and lines.The depot and control center are important support for promoting the development of urban rail transit towards informatization and intelligence.However,research on the technical standards for the smart urban rail vehicle-ground integrated electromechanical system has just begun,and a technical standards system has not yet been formed,which cannot better support the electromechanical system.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on the technical standards system,propose the common criteria structure and standards list of the standards system,which can provide reference and guidance for the planning and establishment of China’s smart urban rail standards system.展开更多
In this paper, the effects of twist angle variation on aerodynamic coefficients and flow field on the wing with wing smarting approach are studied using numerical simulation. The simulation was performed using incompr...In this paper, the effects of twist angle variation on aerodynamic coefficients and flow field on the wing with wing smarting approach are studied using numerical simulation. The simulation was performed using incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations based on the two-equation k-x Shear Stress Transport(SST) turbulent model for flow speed30 m/s and a Reynolds number of 69000. Investigations have been carried out for several twist angles and at a specific range of angles of attack. The twist applied is the type of geometric twist(wash-out), which is linearly distributed along the span. The test case is a lambda-shaped tailless aircraft with a wing fracture on the trailing edge, and a sweep angle 56°. The results show that with increasing twist angle, the aerodynamic efficiency improves over a wide range of angles of attack,but at 0° angle of attack it will decrease significantly. By increasing the angle of attack, the effect of twist on the flow field and aerodynamic coefficients will gradually decrease;hence, at a certain amount of angle of attack, the effect of twist will stop, that angle is called the neutral brink angle.Longitudinal stability analysis shows that by growing the twist angle, the conditions required for longitudinal stability are satisfied, and the pitch-up phenomenon will be delayed.展开更多
With the increase in IoT(Internet of Things)devices comes an inherent challenge of security.In the world today,privacy is the prime concern of every individual.Preserving one’s privacy and keeping anonymity throughou...With the increase in IoT(Internet of Things)devices comes an inherent challenge of security.In the world today,privacy is the prime concern of every individual.Preserving one’s privacy and keeping anonymity throughout the system is a desired functionality that does not come without inevitable trade-offs like scalability and increased complexity and is always exceedingly difficult to manage.The challenge is keeping confidentiality and continuing to make the person innominate throughout the system.To address this,we present our proposed architecture where we manage IoT devices using blockchain technology.Our proposed architecture works on and off blockchain integrated with the closed-circuit television(CCTV)security camera fixed at the rental property.In this framework,the CCTV security camera feed is redirected towards the owner and renter based on the smart contract conditions.One entity(owner or renter)can see the CCTV security camera feed at one time.There is no third-party dependence except for the CCTV security camera deployment phase.Our contributions include the proposition of framework architecture,a novel smart contract algorithm,and the modification to the ring signatures leveraging an existing cryptographic technique.Analyses are made based on different systems’security and key management areas.In an empirical study,our proposed algorithm performed better in key generation,proof generation,and verification times.By comparing similar existing schemes,we have shown the proposed architectures’advantages.Until now,we have developed this system for a specific area in the real world.However,this system is scalable and applicable to other areas like healthcare monitoring systems,which is part of our future work.展开更多
Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are ...Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of life.Unfortunately,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological challenges.As a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces hindrances.To address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-HV as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(HV)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and activity.These constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)states.Absolute privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero transmittance.Each unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct manner.Hence,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.展开更多
Decentralized finance(DeFi)is a general term for a series of financial products and services.It is based on blockchain technology and has attracted people’s attention because of its open,transparent,and intermediary ...Decentralized finance(DeFi)is a general term for a series of financial products and services.It is based on blockchain technology and has attracted people’s attention because of its open,transparent,and intermediary free.Among them,the DeFi ecosystem based on Ethereum-based blockchains attracts the most attention.However,the current decentralized financial system built on the Ethereum architecture has been exposed to many smart contract vulnerabilities during the last few years.Herein,we believe it is time to improve the understanding of the prevailing Ethereum-based DeFi ecosystem security issues.To that end,we investigate the Ethereum-based DeFi security issues:1)inherited from the real-world financial system,which can be solved by macro-control;2)induced by the problems of blockchain architecture,which require a better blockchain platform;3)caused by DeFi invented applications,which should be focused on during the project development.Based on that,we further discuss the current solutions and potential directions ofDeFi security.According to our research,we could provide a comprehensive vision to the research community for the improvement of Ethereum-basedDeFi ecosystem security.展开更多
Smart agriculture modifies traditional farming practices,and offers innovative approaches to boost production and sustainability by leveraging contemporary technologies.In today’s world where technology is everything...Smart agriculture modifies traditional farming practices,and offers innovative approaches to boost production and sustainability by leveraging contemporary technologies.In today’s world where technology is everything,these technologies are utilized to streamline regular tasks and procedures in agriculture,one of the largest and most significant industries in every nation.This research paper stands out from existing literature on smart agriculture security by providing a comprehensive analysis and examination of security issues within smart agriculture systems.Divided into three main sections-security analysis,system architecture and design and risk assessment of Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS)applications-the study delves into various elements crucial for smart farming,such as data sources,infrastructure components,communication protocols,and the roles of different stakeholders such as farmers,agricultural scientists and researchers,technology providers,government agencies,consumers and many others.In contrast to earlier research,this work analyzes the resilience of smart agriculture systems using approaches such as threat modeling,penetration testing,and vulnerability assessments.Important discoveries highlight the concerns connected to unsecured communication protocols,possible threats from malevolent actors,and vulnerabilities in IoT devices.Furthermore,the study suggests enhancements for CPS applications,such as strong access controls,intrusion detection systems,and encryption protocols.In addition,risk assessment techniques are applied to prioritize mitigation tactics and detect potential hazards,addressing issues like data breaches,system outages,and automated farming process sabotage.The research sets itself apart even more by presenting a prototype CPS application that makes use of a digital temperature sensor.This application was first created using a Tinkercad simulator and then using actual hardware with Arduino boards.The CPS application’s defenses against potential threats and vulnerabilities are strengthened by this integrated approach,which distinguishes this research for its depth and usefulness in the field of smart agriculture security.展开更多
文摘With the rapid development and application of emerging information technologies such as cloud computing,big data,artificial intelligence,5G,satellite communication,and blockchain in urban rail transit,China’s urban rail transit has entered an era of intelligent transformation and upgrading.The development of intelligent systems and the construction of smart urban rail transit have formed a consensus in the industry.The electromechanical system is an important component of urban rail transit engineering,covering power supply stations,vehicles,stations,and lines.The depot and control center are important support for promoting the development of urban rail transit towards informatization and intelligence.However,research on the technical standards for the smart urban rail vehicle-ground integrated electromechanical system has just begun,and a technical standards system has not yet been formed,which cannot better support the electromechanical system.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on the technical standards system,propose the common criteria structure and standards list of the standards system,which can provide reference and guidance for the planning and establishment of China’s smart urban rail standards system.
文摘In this paper, the effects of twist angle variation on aerodynamic coefficients and flow field on the wing with wing smarting approach are studied using numerical simulation. The simulation was performed using incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations based on the two-equation k-x Shear Stress Transport(SST) turbulent model for flow speed30 m/s and a Reynolds number of 69000. Investigations have been carried out for several twist angles and at a specific range of angles of attack. The twist applied is the type of geometric twist(wash-out), which is linearly distributed along the span. The test case is a lambda-shaped tailless aircraft with a wing fracture on the trailing edge, and a sweep angle 56°. The results show that with increasing twist angle, the aerodynamic efficiency improves over a wide range of angles of attack,but at 0° angle of attack it will decrease significantly. By increasing the angle of attack, the effect of twist on the flow field and aerodynamic coefficients will gradually decrease;hence, at a certain amount of angle of attack, the effect of twist will stop, that angle is called the neutral brink angle.Longitudinal stability analysis shows that by growing the twist angle, the conditions required for longitudinal stability are satisfied, and the pitch-up phenomenon will be delayed.
基金This work was supported by Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)under the Artificial Intelligence Convergence Innovation Human Resources Development(IITP-2023-RS-2023-00255968)Grantthe ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)Support Program(IITP-2021-0-02051)funded by theKorea government(MSIT).
文摘With the increase in IoT(Internet of Things)devices comes an inherent challenge of security.In the world today,privacy is the prime concern of every individual.Preserving one’s privacy and keeping anonymity throughout the system is a desired functionality that does not come without inevitable trade-offs like scalability and increased complexity and is always exceedingly difficult to manage.The challenge is keeping confidentiality and continuing to make the person innominate throughout the system.To address this,we present our proposed architecture where we manage IoT devices using blockchain technology.Our proposed architecture works on and off blockchain integrated with the closed-circuit television(CCTV)security camera fixed at the rental property.In this framework,the CCTV security camera feed is redirected towards the owner and renter based on the smart contract conditions.One entity(owner or renter)can see the CCTV security camera feed at one time.There is no third-party dependence except for the CCTV security camera deployment phase.Our contributions include the proposition of framework architecture,a novel smart contract algorithm,and the modification to the ring signatures leveraging an existing cryptographic technique.Analyses are made based on different systems’security and key management areas.In an empirical study,our proposed algorithm performed better in key generation,proof generation,and verification times.By comparing similar existing schemes,we have shown the proposed architectures’advantages.Until now,we have developed this system for a specific area in the real world.However,this system is scalable and applicable to other areas like healthcare monitoring systems,which is part of our future work.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF)grants funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1A6A1A03038817),Republic of Korea。
文摘Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of life.Unfortunately,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological challenges.As a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces hindrances.To address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-HV as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(HV)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and activity.These constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)states.Absolute privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero transmittance.Each unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct manner.Hence,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province 2020B0101090003CCF-NSFOCUS Kunpeng Scientific Research Fund (CCFNSFOCUS 2021010)+4 种基金Innovation Fund Program of the Engineering Research Center for Integration and Application of Digital Learning Technology of Ministry of Education under Grant No.1221027National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61902083,62172115,61976064)Guangdong Higher Education Innovation Group 2020KCXTD007 and Guangzhou Higher Education Innovation Group (No.202032854)Guangzhou Fundamental Research Plan of“Municipal-School”Jointly Funded Projects (No.202102010445)Guangdong Province Science and Technology Planning Project (No.2020A1414010370).
文摘Decentralized finance(DeFi)is a general term for a series of financial products and services.It is based on blockchain technology and has attracted people’s attention because of its open,transparent,and intermediary free.Among them,the DeFi ecosystem based on Ethereum-based blockchains attracts the most attention.However,the current decentralized financial system built on the Ethereum architecture has been exposed to many smart contract vulnerabilities during the last few years.Herein,we believe it is time to improve the understanding of the prevailing Ethereum-based DeFi ecosystem security issues.To that end,we investigate the Ethereum-based DeFi security issues:1)inherited from the real-world financial system,which can be solved by macro-control;2)induced by the problems of blockchain architecture,which require a better blockchain platform;3)caused by DeFi invented applications,which should be focused on during the project development.Based on that,we further discuss the current solutions and potential directions ofDeFi security.According to our research,we could provide a comprehensive vision to the research community for the improvement of Ethereum-basedDeFi ecosystem security.
文摘Smart agriculture modifies traditional farming practices,and offers innovative approaches to boost production and sustainability by leveraging contemporary technologies.In today’s world where technology is everything,these technologies are utilized to streamline regular tasks and procedures in agriculture,one of the largest and most significant industries in every nation.This research paper stands out from existing literature on smart agriculture security by providing a comprehensive analysis and examination of security issues within smart agriculture systems.Divided into three main sections-security analysis,system architecture and design and risk assessment of Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS)applications-the study delves into various elements crucial for smart farming,such as data sources,infrastructure components,communication protocols,and the roles of different stakeholders such as farmers,agricultural scientists and researchers,technology providers,government agencies,consumers and many others.In contrast to earlier research,this work analyzes the resilience of smart agriculture systems using approaches such as threat modeling,penetration testing,and vulnerability assessments.Important discoveries highlight the concerns connected to unsecured communication protocols,possible threats from malevolent actors,and vulnerabilities in IoT devices.Furthermore,the study suggests enhancements for CPS applications,such as strong access controls,intrusion detection systems,and encryption protocols.In addition,risk assessment techniques are applied to prioritize mitigation tactics and detect potential hazards,addressing issues like data breaches,system outages,and automated farming process sabotage.The research sets itself apart even more by presenting a prototype CPS application that makes use of a digital temperature sensor.This application was first created using a Tinkercad simulator and then using actual hardware with Arduino boards.The CPS application’s defenses against potential threats and vulnerabilities are strengthened by this integrated approach,which distinguishes this research for its depth and usefulness in the field of smart agriculture security.
