The instability of electrostatic wave in a magnetized dusty plasma with nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation

The effects of external magnetized field and nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation on instability of wave incorporating the nonthermally distributed ions and the temperatures of ion and dust in dusty plasmas are investigated. A linear dispersion relation is obtained. The numerical results show that the external magnetized field, fast ions and nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation have strong influence on the frequency and the damping of wave.

EFFECT OF DUST CHARGE FLUCTUATIONS ON KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY IN A COLD DUST PLASMA

Effect of dust charge fluctuations on Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability driven by sheared dust flow is investigated in magnetised three-component cold dusty plasma. It is found that the dust charge fluctuations have little effect on the tenuous dust plasma in low-frequency perturbation. For a dense dust plasma, the maximum damping rate of the perturbed wave due to dust charge fluctuations will reach the order of dusty charging frequency. It will affect the existence of the K-H instability in the long wave length perturbation.

The Effect of the Charge Fluctuation of Dust Parti-cles on Ion-acoustic Wave Excited Through Ionization Instability

The effect of the charge fluctuation of dust particles on ion acoustic wave (IAW) excited through ionization instability was investigated. The hydrodynamic equations and linear time-dependent perturbation theory served as the starting point of theory, by which the dispersion relation and growth rate of the IAW were given. By comparing the results with the case of constant dust charges, it was found that the charge fluctuation of dust particles reduces the instability of the wave mode.

Linear and nonlinear excitations in complex plasmas with nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation and dust size distribution

Both linear and nonlinear excitation in dusty plasmas have been investigated including the nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation and Gaussian size distribution dust particles. A linear dispersion relation and a Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation governing the dust acoustic shock waves are obtained. The relevance of the instability of wave and the wave evolution to the dust size distribution and nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation is illustrated both analytically and numerically. The numerical results show that the Gaussian size distribution of dust particles and the nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation have strong common influence on the propagation of both linear and nonlinear excitations.

The Effects of Inhomogeneity and Adiabatic Dusty Charge Fluctuation on Solitary Waves

Using the perturbation method, the modified variable coefficient Kadomtsev- Petviashvili （MKP） equation governing nonlinear （lust acoustic solitary waves is for the first time derived with the combined effects of adiabatic dust charge fluctuation and higher-order transverse perturbation in inhomogeneous dusty plasmas due to the spatial gradients of dust charge and plasma densities. The MKP equation is reduced to the standard Kadomtsev-Petviashvili （KP） equation. The numerical results show that inhomogeneity has strong influence on the nonlinear properties of dust acoustic solitary waves.

Impact of initial fluctuations and nuclear deformations in isobar collisions

Relativistic isobar^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zrcollisions have revealed intricate differences in their nuclear size and shape,inspiring unconventional studies of nuclear structure using relativistic heavy ion collisions.In this study,we investigate the relative differences in the mean multiplicityR_(<Nch>)and the secondR_(ε2)and third-order eccentricityR_(ε3)between isobar collisions using initial state Glauber models.It is found that initial fluctuations and nuclear deformations have negligible effects on R_(<Nch>)in most central collisions,while both are important for the R_(ε2)and R_(ε3),the degree of which is sensitive to the underlying nucleonic or sub-nucleonic degree of freedom.These features,compared to real data,may probe the particle production mechanism and the physics underlying nuclear structure.

Optimization of Gas Production from Hydrate-Bearing Sediments with Fluctuation Characteristics

As an important source of low-carbon,clean fossil energy,natural gas hydrate plays an important role in improving the global energy consumption structure.Developing the hydrate industry in the South China Sea is important to achieving‘carbon peak and carbon neutrality’goals as soon as possible.Deep-water areas subjected to the action of long-term stress and tectonic movement have developed complex and volatile terrains,and as such,the morphologies of hydrate-bearing sediments(HBSs)fluctuate correspondingly.The key to numerically simulating HBS morphologies is the establishment of the conceptual model,which represents the objective and real description of the actual geological body.However,current numerical simulation models have characterized HBSs into horizontal strata without considering the fluctuation characteristics.Simply representing the HBS as a horizontal element reduces simulation accuracy.Therefore,the commonly used horizontal HBS model and a model considering the HBS’s fluctuation characteristics with the data of the SH2 site in the Shenhu Sea area were first constructed in this paper.Then,their production behaviors were compared,and the huge impact of the fluctuation characteristics on HBS production was determined.On this basis,the key parameters affecting the depressurization production of the fluctuating HBSs were studied and optimized.The research results show that the fluctuation characteristics have an obvious influence on the hydrate production of HBSs by affecting their temperatures and pressure distributions,as well as the transmission of the pressure drop and methane gas discharge.Furthermore,the results show that the gas productivity of fluctuating HBSs was about 5%less than that of horizontal HBSs.By optimizing the depressurization amplitude,well length,and layout location of vertical wells,the productivity of fluctuating HBSs increased by about 56.6%.

A Unique Modelling Strategy to Dynamically Simulate the Performance of a Lobe Pump for Industrial Applications

The performance of a newly designed tri-lobe industrial lobe pump of high capacity is simulated by using commercial CFD solver Ansys Fluent. A combination of user-defined-functions and meshing strategies is employed to capture the rotation of the lobes. The numerical model is validated by comparing the simulated results with the literature values. The processes of suction, displacement, compression and exhaust are accurately captured in the transient simulation. The fluid pressure value remains in the range of inlet pressure value till the processes of suction and displacement are over. The instantaneous process of compression is accurately captured in the simulation. The movement of a particular working chamber is traced along the gradual degree of lobe’s rotation. At five different degrees of lobe’s rotation, pressure contour plots are reported which clearly shows the pressure values inside the working chamber. Each pressure value inside the working chamber conforms to the particular process in which the working chamber is operating. Finally, the power requirement at the shaft of rotation is estimated from the simulated values. The estimated value of power requirement is 3.61 BHP FHP whereas the same calculated theoretically is 3 BHP FHP. The discrepancy is attributed to the assumption of symmetry of blower along the thickness.

Altered spontaneous brain activity patterns in hypertensive retinopathy using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations:a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

AIM:To study functional brain abnormalities in patients with hypertensive retinopathy(HR)and to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of HR by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFFs)method.METHODS:Twenty HR patients and 20 healthy controls(HCs)were respectively recruited.The age,gender,and educational background characteristics of the two groups were similar.After functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)scanning,the subjects’spontaneous brain activity was evaluated with the fALFF method.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to classify the data.Further,we used Pearson’s correlation analysis to explore the relationship between fALFF values in specific brain regions and clinical behaviors in patients with HR.RESULTS:The brain areas of the HR group with lower fALFF values than HCs were the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus(RO-MFG)and right lingual gyrus.In contrast,the values of fALFFs in the left middle temporal gyrus(MTG),left superior temporal pole(STP),left middle frontal gyrus(MFG),left superior marginal gyrus(SMG),left superior parietal lobule(SPL),and right supplementary motor area(SMA)were higher in the HR group.The results of a t-test showed that the average values of fALFFs were statistically significantly different in the HR group and HC group(P<0.001).The fALFF values of the left middle frontal gyrus in HR patients were positively correlated with anxiety scores(r=0.9232;P<0.0001)and depression scores(r=0.9682;P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:fALFF values in multiple brain regions of HR patients are abnormal,suggesting that these brain regions in HR patients may be dysfunctional,which may help to reveal the pathophysiological mechanisms of HR.

Experimental study on temperature fluctuations on plate surface induced by coaxial-jet flow

In nuclear reactors,temperature fluctuations of fluids may cause fatigue damage to adjacent structures;this is referred to as thermal striping.Research on thermal striping in the upper plenum has mainly focused on fluid fields.Few experimental studies have been reported on solid structures in a fluid field with a coaxial jet.This study entailed an experimental study of the temperature fluctuations in the fluid and on a plate surface caused by a coaxial jet.The temperature fluctuations of the fluid and plate surfaces located at different heights were analyzed.The cause of the temperature fluctuation was analyzed using a transient temperature distribution.The results show that the mixing of the hot and cold fluids gradually becomes uniform in the positive axial direction.The average surface temperatures tended to be consistent.When the jet reaches the plate surface,the swing of the jet center,contraction and expansion of the cold jet,and changes in the jet shape result in temperature fluctuations.The intensity of the temperature fluctuation was affected by the position.More attention should be paid when the plate is located at a lower height,and between the hot and cold-fluid nozzles.

Research on Anti-Fluctuation Control of Winding Tension System Based on Feedforward Compensation

In the fiber winding process,strong disturbance,uncertainty,strong coupling,and fiber friction complicate the winding constant tension control.In order to effectively reduce the influence of these problems on the tension output,this paper proposed a tension fluctuation rejection strategy based on feedforward compensation.In addition to the bias harmonic curve of the unknown state,the tension fluctuation also contains the influence of bounded noise.A tension fluctuation observer(TFO)is designed to cancel the uncertain periodic signal,in which the frequency generator is used to estimate the critical parameter information.Then,the fluctuation signal is reconstructed by a third-order auxiliary filter.The estimated signal feedforward compensates for the actual tension fluctuation.Furthermore,a time-varying parameters fractional-order PID controller(TPFOPID)is realized to attenuate the bounded noise in the fluctuation.Finally,TPFOPID is enhanced by TFO and applied to control a tension control system considering multi-source disturbances.The stability of the method is analyzed by using the Lyapunov theorem.Finally,numerical simulations verify that the proposed scheme improves the tracking ability and robustness of the system in response to tension fluctuations.

Influence of blood glucose fluctuations on chemotherapy efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with lung carcinoma

BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have large fluctuations in blood glucose(BG),abnormal metabolic function and low immunity to varying degrees,which increases the risk of malignant tumor diseases and affects the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy.Controlling hyperglycemia may have important therapeutic implications for cancer patients.AIM To clarify the influence of BG fluctuations on chemotherapy efficacy and safety in T2DM patients complicated with lung carcinoma(LC).METHODS The clinical data of 60 T2DM+LC patients who presented to the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University between January 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent chemotherapy and were grouped as a control group(CG;normal BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation<3.9 mmol/L)and an observation group(OG;high BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation≥3.9 mmol/L)based on their BG fluctuations,with 30 cases each.BGrelated indices,tumor markers,serum inflammatory cytokines and adverse reactions were comparatively analyzed.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between BG fluctuations and tumor markers.RESULTS The fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in the OG were notably elevated compared with those in the CG,together with markedly higher mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE),mean of daily differences,largest amplitude of glycemic excursions and standard deviation of blood glucose(P<0.05).In addition,the OG exhibited evidently higher levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9,carbohydrate antigen 125,carcinoembryonic antigen,neuron-specific enolase,cytokeratin 19,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and highsensitivity C-reactive protein than the CG(P<0.05).Pearson analysis revealed a positive association of MAGE with serum tumor markers.The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly higher in the OG than in the CG(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The greater the BG fluctuation in LC patients after chemotherapy,the more unfavorable the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy;the higher the level of tumor markers and inflammatory cytokines,the more adverse reactions the patient experiences.

Indian: Textile industry perspectives from 2023 and hopes for 2024

The year gone by has been one of the most challenging years for the Indian textile industry.The major challenges have been the fluctuating cotton prices,diminishing demand,capacity under-utilization and dumping of imported fabrics and garments from China and Bangladesh.The buying by the US and EU has remained quite low and that too for an unusually longer period,which has affected the exports badly.

A Statistical Method for Characterizing CMOS Process Fluctuations in Subthreshold Current Mirrors

A novel method to characterize CMOS process fluctuations in subthreshold current mirrors （SCM） is reported. The proposed model is succinct in methodology and calculation complexity compared with previous statistical models. However,it provides favorable estimations of CMOS process fluctuations on the SCM circuit, which makes it promising for engineering applications. The model statistically abstracts physical parameters, which depend on the IC process, into random variables with certain mean values and standard deviations, while aggregating all the random impacts into a discrete martingale. The correctness of the proposed method is experimentally verified on an SCM circuit implemented in an SMIC 0.18μm CMOS 1P6M mixed signal process with a conversion factor of 100 in an input range from 100pA to lμA. The pro- posed theory successfully predicts - 10% of die-to-die fluctuation measured in the experiment, and also suggests the -lmV of threshold voltage standard deviation over a single die,which meets the process parameters suggested by the design kit from the foundry. The deviations between calculated probabilities and measured data are less than 8%. Meanwhile, pertinent suggestions concerning high fluctuation tolerance subthreshold analog circuit design are also made and discussed.

Effects of salinity fluctuation and dietary protein/ carbohydrate ratio on the survival and growth of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

A factorial study was conducted to determine the effects of salinity （constant （SO） and fluctuating （S10）） and isoenergetic diet of different protein/carbohydrate ratios （P/C： 4.1, 1.9, 1.0 and 0.6） on the survival and growth of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment lasted for 35 days. The results showed that I） At S0 and S10, specific growth rate and apparent digestibility coefficient exhibited decreasing trend, while food conversion ratio exhibited increasing trend, with decreasing P/C ratio. At SO, food consumption and specific growth rate of the shrimp fed 4.1 P/C were significantly higher than those fed 1.0 and 0.6 P/C, whereas at S10, no significant differences were detected among different treatments; II） At 4.1 and 1.9 P/C, food consumption and specific growth rate were higher in the shrimp maintained at SO as compared with those at S10, while at 1.0 and 0.6 P/C, an inverse trend was observed. Among four P/C ratios, food conversion ratio of the shrimp at SO was the lowest.

New seismic attribute:Fractal scaling exponent based on gray detrended fluctuation analysis

Seismic attributes have been widely used in oil and gas exploration and development. However, owing to the complexity of seismic wave propagation in subsurface media, the limitations of the seismic data acquisition system, and noise interference, seismic attributes for seismic data interpretation have uncertainties. Especially, the antinoise ability of seismic attributes directly affects the reliability of seismic interpretations. Gray system theory is used in time series to minimize data randomness and increase data regularity. Detrended fluctuation analysis （DFA） can effectively reduce extrinsic data tendencies. In this study, by combining gray system theory and DFA, we propose a new method called gray detrended fluctuation analysis （GDFA） for calculating the fractal scaling exponent. We consider nonlinear time series generated by the Weierstrass function and add random noise to actual seismic data. Moreover, we discuss the antinoise ability of the fractal scaling exponent based on GDFA. The results suggest that the fractal scaling exponent calculated using the proposed method has good antinoise ability. We apply the proposed method to 3D poststack migration seismic data from southern China and compare fractal scaling exponents calculated using DFA and GDFA. The results suggest that the use of the GDFA-calculated fractal scaling exponent as a seismic attribute can match the known distribution of sedimentary facies.

Effects of Salinity Fluctuation and Dietary Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines on Survival,Growth and Immunity of Exopalaemon carinicauda

[Objective]The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale breeding of Exopalaemon carinicauda. [Method]Effects of salinity fluctuation （S0,S3,S6 and S9 represented salinity fluctuations of 0,3,6 and 9 respectivley） and dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines （0,1%,2% and 4% respectively） on survival,growth and immunity of E.carinicauda were studied,and its experiment lasted for 60 d. [Result]The results showed that specific growth rate,feed conversion efficiency and superoxide dismutase activity of E.carinicauda in the treatment group with 1% dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicine and S6 salinity fluctuation were higher than those in other treatments,which was significantly higher than the treatment groups with S0,S3 and S9 salinity fluctuation at the same adding level of 1% dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The regression analysis indicated that at S0,S3 and S6 salinity fluctuation,the optimal adding level of dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines in feeds decreased with the increase of salinity fluctuation,accounting for 2.74%,1.77% and 0.51% respectively. At four adding levels of dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines,the optimal salinity fluctuation of E.carinicauda also decreased with the increase of dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines in feeds,accounting for 5.26,4.95,3.54 and 1.97 respectively. [Conclusion]Salinity,dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines and their interactions have a significant effect on survival,growth and immunity of E.carinicauda,which calls for attentions in the breeding.

Main Diseases and Pests of Lonicerae japonica in Guangxi Province and Fluctuation Pattern of Their Natural Enemies

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the main diseases and pests in Lonicerae japonica in Guangxi Province and fluctuation pattern of their natural ene- mies. [Method] The population change of main diseases and pests, and main predatory naturaI enemies of pests in different species of Lonicerae japonica in Xincheng County of Guangxi Province were systematically investigated during 2008 -2010. [ Result ] The variation cycle of population number of Semiaphis heraclei （Takahashi） belongs to single peak type, and it has large occurrence in April. The variation cycle of population number of Franklinlella sp. and Haptonchus luteo- ius （Erichson） belongs to double peak type, and they have large occurrence at April and September. The variation cycle of disease severity of Microsphaera lonicerae （ Wint. ） belongs to double peak type, and the disease index will be larger at April and September. The variation cycle of diseased shoot rate belongs to single peak type; diseased shoot rote of Lonicera dasystyla Rehd. and Loniccra hvpolzlauca Miquel is relatively high during April to June, while the index of Lonice- ra confusa （Sweet） DC. is relatively high during February to May. The variation cycle of population number of main natural enemies such as Lemnia biplagiata （ Swartz）, Coccinella septcmpunctata （ Linnaeus ） and Harmonia axyridis （Pallas） belongs to double peak type, and they have large occurrence at April and Sep- tember. [ Conclusion] The results could provide scientific basis for determination of optimum control period against major diseases and pests in Loniceraejaponica and development of integrated control programs.

Analysis and Pollution Assessment on the Dissolved Organic Matter in the Sediment of Hydro-fluctuation Belt(Yunyang Part)

By using the ultraviolet absorption spectrum,the fluorescence spectrum and three dimensional fluorescence spectra,the composition of dissolved organic matter(DOM) and the humification degree,etc.in the sediment of hydro-fluctuation belt(Yunyang part) were analyzed.The relationship between the test parameters and the pollution degree in the region was discussed.The research results of UV spectrum data E3/E4 showed that in 4 sampling sites which included Huangshi Town,Gaoyang Town,Shuangjiang Town and Quma Town,the humification degree in the sediment of hydro-fluctuation belt in Shuangjiang Town sampling site was lower,and the aromaticity was smaller.Moreover,the effect of human factor was comparatively smaller.The fluorescence index value which represented the source of humus in DOM was 1.62-1.88.It showed that the biological and terrestrial source both existed.Three dimensional spectra results showed that the pollution degrees in 4 sampling sites were all smaller,and some prevention measures should be taken early.

Zero-Point Energy and Fluctuation in a Field-Josephson Junction-Coupled System

To investigate the interaction of a mesoscopic Josephson junction with a single mode quantized electromagnetic field, the diagnonalizing process of the coupled system Hamiltonian was performed by using an unitary transformation. Zero? point energy and zero? point fluctuation of the coupled system were shown. For the ground state of the coupled system, the quantum fluctuations of the flux and charge operators in the field and junction subsystems can exhibit smaller quantum noise than the zero point fluctuations of the individual subsystems. Thus, when the coupled system is in its lowest energy state, which means that no radiation appear, the two subsystems exhibit nonclassical behavior.