THE DISTANCE BETWEEN BOREHOLES OF SMOOTH BLASTING BY WATER COUPLING

The stress strength factor, length and opening degree of cracks around boreholes as well as movement regularity Of blockage with the smooth blasting by water coupling are calculated out according to the theories of fracture mechanics and explosion dynamics, and the relation between the pressure in holes and the change of hoIe volume is pointed out, thereby the distance between boreholes is worked out in this paper. For limestone, when uncoupling coefficient is 3,diameter of holes is 100 mm, the hole distance of water coupling smooth blasting is 2. 3 m. The result is consistent with practice.

Study on Smooth Blasting Results in Jointed and Fractured Rock

Factors that affect blasting results may be grouped into those factors that can be controlled and those that cannot be controlled. The controllable factors include explosive properties, initiation timing, and blast geometry. The uncontrollable factors comprise the rock’s natural structures, such as joints and fractures, and the properties, such as elastic constants, density and strength. Among these, the influence of rock structural planes often contributes a high degree of variability to blasting results. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of rock structural plane influences on smooth blasting results based on elasticity and stress wave propagation theory with an emphasis on smooth blasting techniques. Two types of simulated experiments in lab (using strain and acoustic emission measurements) are used to verify the theoretical analysis. The results show that it is difficult to achieve smooth blasting results when the angle between the natural rock structural planes and the blast induced fracture planes ranges from 10° to 60°. Among these angles, 30° is the least desirable angle to produce a smooth wall. For angles less than 10° and greater than 60°, the influence of rock structural planes on blasting results can be ignored.

Numerical investigation of effect of eccentric decoupled charge structure on blasting-induced rock damage

Eccentric decoupling blasting is commonly used in underground excavation.Determination of perimeter hole parameters(such as the blasthole diameter,spacing,and burden)based on an eccentric charge structure is vital for achieving an excellent smooth blasting effect.In this paper,the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma(RHT)model was employed to study rock mass damage under smooth blasting.Firstly,the parameters of the RHT model were calibrated by using the existing SHPB experiment,which were then verified by the existing blasting experiment results.Secondly,the influence of different charge structures on the blasting effect was investigated using the RHT model.The simulation results indicated that eccentric charge blasting has an obvious pressure eccentricity effect.Finally,to improve the blasting effect,the smooth blasting parameters were optimized based on an eccentric charge structure.The overbreak and underbreak phenomena were effectively controlled,and a good blasting effect was achieved with the optimized blasting parameters.

Study on influence of key blasthole parameters on tunnel overbreak

To determine the influence of key blasthole parameters on tunnel overbreak during blasting construction,an intelligent detection sys-tem for tunnel blasting construction is independently developed.And the key blasthole parameters and overbreak of a typical section of a single line tunnel under the condition of Class V surrounding rock are analyzed and detected.The actual data obtained is compared with the results of numerical simulations and theoretical calculations.The results are as follows:(1)Quantitative analysis is performed based on the blasthole angle,opening position,and charge mass by the self-developed intelligent detection equipment for blasthole parameters,which can be used to guide the drilling construction.Intelligent scanning equipment for outline excavation can be used to image the actual excavation section in real-time and has the advantages of high precision and fast speed;(2)Tunnel overbreak can be regarded as consisting of two parts:the surrounding rock damage caused by the blasting load,and the collapse of the surrounding rock caused by the blasthole opening position.Every parameter of the peripheral hole will affect the tunnel overbreak;however,the key parameter is the blasthole opening position;(3)The distributions of the tunnel overbreak volume obtained with the theoretical analysis,finite element simulation,and measurements are basically consistent.Under the condition of Class V surrounding rock,the overbreak of this single line tunnel can reach 14.1–78.2 cm.To meet the specification requirements,the opening position and construction accuracy of the peripheral hole should be strictly controlled.