The development of social work is to some extent a history of the struggle against poverty. Social work enabled targeted poverty alleviation aims to form a two–way force to implement targeted poverty alleviation poli...The development of social work is to some extent a history of the struggle against poverty. Social work enabled targeted poverty alleviation aims to form a two–way force to implement targeted poverty alleviation policies in a bid to create a new situation featuring top–down policy guidance and bottom–up social engagement. Social work enabled targeted poverty alleviation addresses the bureaucratic defects of government dominance, upgrades the narrow conception of targeted poverty alleviation as individual aid, and pays more attention to the interactions between the poor and environmental elements and the interactions within and between systems from the perspective of eco–system. In practice, this type of poverty alleviation is manifested as social work driven integral specialized poverty alleviation. By organically combining the four systems of subjects, service objects, work processes and implementation results, it advances current targeted poverty alleviation from the mid–shallow level to the deep level. It is expected to fulfill the intrinsic policy objectives of targeted poverty alleviation and explore a supporting system for realizing the modernization of national governance system and capacity in rural areas.展开更多
Background: Designing a need-based social protection intervention for children comes as comprehensive tool for addressing the overall quality of life of HIV positive children. Not much has been examined on what consti...Background: Designing a need-based social protection intervention for children comes as comprehensive tool for addressing the overall quality of life of HIV positive children. Not much has been examined on what constitute the desired social protection framework for HIV positive children. Methods: This study was informed by a qualitative descriptive exploratory design approach. The study drew insights from the shared perspectives of 27 participants sampled from positive HIV status disclosed children—10 - 17 years, healthcare workers, Social and Development worker, HIV positive caregivers and parents from 7 ART clinics in rural and urban Brong Ahafo and Ashanti regions of Ghana. Data was collected through interviews and two focus group discussions with study participants. Drawing on the emerged themes from the transcripts, thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data using comparative thematic framework approach. Findings: The eclectic perspectives on the type of social protection policy/intervention preferred demonstrated the need for an interrelated and integrated social protection policy. This should not be designed in isolation towards addressing the child vulnerability. The study found that social protection policies aimed at addressing vulnerability levels of children should consider the dual vulnerability situation within which HIV positive children and adolescents are located. A set of unique specific tailored approach and package reflecting minimum combination social protection package to HIV positive children was considered essential for inclusion. The themes that emerged covered social policy/intervention package inclusive of a disease ending/eradication intervention package, cash transfer for children and their caregivers, free comprehensive health insurance integrating all consultancy and laboratory services charges, direct food supplements supply and nutritional support, research, target specified with evidenced-based monitoring. Counseling support and preferential treatment for children visiting ART for treatment were to be included. Conclusion: Combination social protection intervention packages remain the pathway to yielding maximum dividends on any social intervention that seeks to address the vulnerability levels of HIV positive children in Ghana. This should be designed taking into consideration the preference of the main target beneficiaries (HIV positive children) while accounting for the inclusion of the technical expertise of implementing stakeholders in the policy design from conceptualization to evaluation.展开更多
目的:探讨护理干预下HIV感染者/AIDS患者向其信任的家庭成员或朋友公开自身感染状况是否对其社会支持有影响。方法:对312例HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行护理干预,帮助他们向其信任的家庭成员或朋友公开自身感染状况,采用社会支持评定量表(SS...目的:探讨护理干预下HIV感染者/AIDS患者向其信任的家庭成员或朋友公开自身感染状况是否对其社会支持有影响。方法:对312例HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行护理干预,帮助他们向其信任的家庭成员或朋友公开自身感染状况,采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)测评公开自身感染状况前、公开后第90 d HIV感染者/AIDS患者的社会支持总分及其各维度得分,并采用SPSS 13.0统计软件对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果:HIV感染者/AIDS患者公开自身感染状况后第90 d的社会支持总分及其各维度得分均较公开前高(P<0.05)。结论:对HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行护理干预,帮助向其信任的家庭成员或朋友公开自身感染状况,可有效提高来自其信任的家庭成员或朋友的社会支持,可为今后HIV感染者/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗依从性教育和依从性策略的实施提供依据。展开更多
基金staged research result of "Studies on social work enabled targeted poverty alleviation in linked poverty–stricken regions of northwest China"(16YJA840003)2016 program funded by the Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences under the Ministry of Education of the PRC
文摘The development of social work is to some extent a history of the struggle against poverty. Social work enabled targeted poverty alleviation aims to form a two–way force to implement targeted poverty alleviation policies in a bid to create a new situation featuring top–down policy guidance and bottom–up social engagement. Social work enabled targeted poverty alleviation addresses the bureaucratic defects of government dominance, upgrades the narrow conception of targeted poverty alleviation as individual aid, and pays more attention to the interactions between the poor and environmental elements and the interactions within and between systems from the perspective of eco–system. In practice, this type of poverty alleviation is manifested as social work driven integral specialized poverty alleviation. By organically combining the four systems of subjects, service objects, work processes and implementation results, it advances current targeted poverty alleviation from the mid–shallow level to the deep level. It is expected to fulfill the intrinsic policy objectives of targeted poverty alleviation and explore a supporting system for realizing the modernization of national governance system and capacity in rural areas.
文摘Background: Designing a need-based social protection intervention for children comes as comprehensive tool for addressing the overall quality of life of HIV positive children. Not much has been examined on what constitute the desired social protection framework for HIV positive children. Methods: This study was informed by a qualitative descriptive exploratory design approach. The study drew insights from the shared perspectives of 27 participants sampled from positive HIV status disclosed children—10 - 17 years, healthcare workers, Social and Development worker, HIV positive caregivers and parents from 7 ART clinics in rural and urban Brong Ahafo and Ashanti regions of Ghana. Data was collected through interviews and two focus group discussions with study participants. Drawing on the emerged themes from the transcripts, thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data using comparative thematic framework approach. Findings: The eclectic perspectives on the type of social protection policy/intervention preferred demonstrated the need for an interrelated and integrated social protection policy. This should not be designed in isolation towards addressing the child vulnerability. The study found that social protection policies aimed at addressing vulnerability levels of children should consider the dual vulnerability situation within which HIV positive children and adolescents are located. A set of unique specific tailored approach and package reflecting minimum combination social protection package to HIV positive children was considered essential for inclusion. The themes that emerged covered social policy/intervention package inclusive of a disease ending/eradication intervention package, cash transfer for children and their caregivers, free comprehensive health insurance integrating all consultancy and laboratory services charges, direct food supplements supply and nutritional support, research, target specified with evidenced-based monitoring. Counseling support and preferential treatment for children visiting ART for treatment were to be included. Conclusion: Combination social protection intervention packages remain the pathway to yielding maximum dividends on any social intervention that seeks to address the vulnerability levels of HIV positive children in Ghana. This should be designed taking into consideration the preference of the main target beneficiaries (HIV positive children) while accounting for the inclusion of the technical expertise of implementing stakeholders in the policy design from conceptualization to evaluation.
文摘目的了解贵州省两县区艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者(简称HIV/AIDS)的心理健康状况和社会支持情况,并探讨其影响因素和二者之间的联系。方法采用现况调查的研究方法,利用90项症状自评量表(90 Symptom Checklist,简称SCL-90)和社会支持评定量表(Social Support scale,SSRS)对两个县区的299例HIV/AIDS进行问卷调查。结果49.8%(149/299)的研究对象为SCL-90筛查阳性,除强迫症状、人际关系敏感因子外,其他各因子均分与SCL-90总分均高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);研究对象的社会支持总分和各维度得分均低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);多元线性回归分析显示:少数民族者的客观支持总分低于汉族,文化程度较高者主观支持得分高于文化程度较低者,年龄较大、诊断时间较长HIV/AIDS支持利用度得分更低;相关分析发现,客观支持与恐怖(r=-0.179,P=0.002)、偏执(r=-0.166,P=0.004)及精神病性(r=-0.149,P=0.010)均存在负相关;支持利用度与人际关系(r=-0.143,P=0.013)、恐怖(r=-0.144,P=0.012)及偏执(r=-0.126,P=0.029)均存在负相关;社会支持总分与恐怖(r=-0.157,P=0.006)、偏执(r=-0.148,P=0.010)及精神病性(r=-0.143,P=0.014)均存在负相关。结论贵州省HIV/AIDS心理问题较为突出,社会支持程度普遍较低,须通过健康促进的方式,一方面提升对其客观支持力度,另一方面提高其主动寻求和利用社会支持的意识。
文摘目的:探讨护理干预下HIV感染者/AIDS患者向其信任的家庭成员或朋友公开自身感染状况是否对其社会支持有影响。方法:对312例HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行护理干预,帮助他们向其信任的家庭成员或朋友公开自身感染状况,采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)测评公开自身感染状况前、公开后第90 d HIV感染者/AIDS患者的社会支持总分及其各维度得分,并采用SPSS 13.0统计软件对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果:HIV感染者/AIDS患者公开自身感染状况后第90 d的社会支持总分及其各维度得分均较公开前高(P<0.05)。结论:对HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行护理干预,帮助向其信任的家庭成员或朋友公开自身感染状况,可有效提高来自其信任的家庭成员或朋友的社会支持,可为今后HIV感染者/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗依从性教育和依从性策略的实施提供依据。
