Higher Education Admission Policy and Social Class of Ethnic Minority:The Case of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China

Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China.In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao,the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minority Candidates(PBSEMC)has been issued,whose,however,effectiveness in promoting upward social class has not been adequately empirically explored.The difference-in-differences(DID)analysis based on cross-sectional data,which is distinct from the traditional DID analysis paradigm,was implemented to assess the Reform of PBSEMC in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1988.The results showed that PBSEMC had a significant and positive impact on the social classes of ethnic minorities,and gender,residence type and occupation type were also relevant to social class,aligning with the previous literature.The PBSEMC is effective in improving the social classes of ethnic minorities.However,the PBSEMC policy should be made more precise,in order to benefit the candidates who are in genuine need of assistance.

Social Classes and Cultural Connotations of Yangzhou Home Gardens during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.

A Multimodal Analysis of Social Class in College English Textbook

As a required course at higher education level,English has permeated the everyday life of Chinese students from all so-cial backgrounds.Social class,deciding one’s access to various social and educational recourses,has a great influence on thelearning process of college students inside and outside the classroom.However,few studies have placed their focus on social classand college English textbooks.Thus,this paper attempts to adopt a multimodal analysis to find how the speaking tasks in collegeEnglish textbook represents the social identity of Chinese college students and to offer pedagogic implications.

Observing Social Classes of Britain through The Up Series

We are acquainted with this saying:Every one is equal,but in Britain,there are different social classes.People from dif⁃ferent social classes in Britain are different in many aspects.The Up Series is a series of documentary films produced by Granada Television for ITV that have followed the lives of fourteen British children since 1964,when they were seven years old.So far the documentary has had eight episodes spanning 49 years(one episode every seven years)all of which were broadcast on ITV,apart from the 6th episode which was broadcast on BBC One[1].This article introduced the background information of this series,made comparisons among different children in this series,and it came into 3 conclusions.

On the Presentation of Social Class Difference in The Garden Party in terms of its Narrative Style and Settings Description

Katherine Mansfield was a predominant modernist writer who had written the well-known short story The Garden Party, which explicitly interprets the idea of social class difference between the upper class and the working class. This paper discusses its presentation of social class difference from two aspects, including the narrative style and the settings.

Availability and Equality of Health Services: The Reduction of the Influence of Social Class on Obstetric Health Behavior in Northern Bangladesh

The present study attempts to examine the influence of social class (in terms of educational qualification, the occupation of the husband and monthly family income of the respondents) on obstetric health behavior (in terms of antenatal care or ANC visits, the intake of iron tablets, tetanus toxoid vaccination of mother, types of birth attendant, sources of information about obstetric health) in some suburban places of northern Bangladesh. Mix methods have been executed to conduct the present study. A total of one hundred and twenty-five (125) women who gave birth within the last two years have been selected through purposive sampling. Besides ten (10) case studies and five (5) key informants analysis have been performed in this study. As all the variables;both dependent and independent;used in this study are categorical, the Chi-square test has been used to assess the relationship between social class and obstetric health behavior. In this study, a significant association has been found between taking of iron tablets and occupation of the husband (P = 0.026);taking of iron tablets and educational qualification (P = 0.029);vaccination of mother (TT) and educational qualification (P = 0.004), whereas the association of other variables regarding social class and obstetric health behavior has been found insignificant. So the present study shows that the influence of social class on obstetric health behavior has been significantly reduced. It is evidenced that nowadays the effect of social class on obstetric health behavior has significantly faded by the availability, equality-based health services, and services through satellite clinics in the study area. Stakeholders and concerned authorities should give top priority to the findings while developing strategies to improve the condition of maternal health of Bangladesh to acquire the aims of reducing maternal mortality to less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births.

Social class differences in parent educational expectations:The relationship between parents’social status and their expectations for children’s education

To achieve the overall goals and purposes of education is closely related to the living environments of students.Different family backgrounds will put children into a situation where they face unfair competition.According to a survey conducted in China’s Urumqi and Changchun about parents’awareness of educating their children,this paper will suggest that families with different backgrounds have different expectations for their children’s education.Moreover,it suggests that parents’social status is related to their children’s education expectations.Therefore,we can find that parents’social status influences their children’s education,and their positions in social class are related to education.

中国的代际流动:多维视角下的动态比较分析

促进代际流动是推进共同富裕的重要手段。使用联立方程模型多维度分析当前中国代际流动的动态特征以及各维度间的相互关系,并通过代际流动系数的分解探讨不同维度代际流动的影响因素。研究发现,教育的代际流动性要显著低于职业的代际流动性,并且教育与职业相互之间有显著影响,教育对职业代际流动的贡献超过50%,父代职业对教育代际流动的贡献为11%左右;母亲—子代的代际流动性显著低于父亲—子代的代际流动性,但更易受外在因素的影响;2018年家庭社会地位的代际流动性相比2010年显著下降,并受个体职业选择的影响;父代—女儿的代际流动性显著低于父代—儿子的代际流动性,城镇的代际流动性低于农村的代际流动性;代际流动性与年龄之间关系总体呈现U型,20世纪70年代末出生的个体代际流动性最差。因此,需要综合多个维度评估代际流动现状,通过促进公共服务均等化以推动区域均衡发展、加强弱势群体人力资本投资以提升其从经济增长中获益的能力,改善代际流动。

主观阶层认同、阶层流动感知对农业转移人口市民化影响研究

利用中国综合社会调查数据,分析主观阶层认同、阶层流动感知对农业转移人口市民化的影响。研究表明,主观阶层认同感高的农业转移人口,其市民化水平较高;阶层的上向流动,能提升农业转移人口的市民化水平。机制分析表明,家庭阶层、社会经济地位自评分别在主观阶层认同对市民化水平影响中发挥调节作用、中介作用。异质性分析表明,老一代、女性农业转移人口的主观阶层定位对其市民化水平影响更大,中、西部地区较东部地区有更大的市民化发展潜力。据此,应为农业转移人口搭建多元化社交平台,畅通阶层的上向流动,尤其关注老一代和女性农业转移人口的主观阶层定位;中部地区可探索户籍准入同城化,鼓励就近市民化,西部地区应重点维护农业转移人口的阶层地位,以促进东中西部地区市民化协调发展,提升新型城镇化质量。

论社会流动对慈善近代化的驱动作用

近代慈善的产生与近代社会变革带来的社会结构和生产关系深刻变化密切相关,社会流动是其中的重要因素之一。传统慈善因社会流动格局的变化丧失了生长土壤继而衰熄或转型,近代慈善也因社会流动加剧及多样化逐渐发展成型。社会流动是生产关系改变的产物,其对慈善近代化的驱动只是社会生产力与生产关系变化的一种具象化体现。随着近代工业化和城市化的推进,慈善事业不再只是一种救济形式,也不再局限于个人或团体的行为,更多地成为国家治理的一部分。

《习近平的七年知青岁月》对青少年思想政治教育的价值与启示

《习近平的七年知青岁月》(以下简称“岁月”)蕴含着极其宝贵的精神养分,有助于新时代广大青少年树立马克思主义世界观、人生观、价值观。因此,《岁月》对新时代青少年思想政治教育具有十分重要的价值,有利于广大青少年厚植人民至上的情怀、坚定积极进取的信念、培养热爱劳动的习惯、端正勤奋学习的动机。同时,也具有十分重要的启示,即理想追求与服务人民相契合、敢于担当与以身作则相融合、改造环境与锤炼品格相结合、实事求是与勇于创新相贯穿、学校课堂与社会课堂相贯通。

The Axiology of Consciousness in Mocombeian Consciousness Field Theory

This work explores the axiology of consciousness in Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material world.The paper critically assesses Mocombe’s consciousness field theory(CFT)within the larger body of contemporary ontological debates regarding the nature,origin,and constitution of consciousness in the universe.The work goes on to highlight the manifestation of Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material resource framework that is the earth,and the nature and origins of ethics and values.

准老年人子女结构对社会流动预期的影响

50-59岁的准老年人将在未来10年内陆续步入老年,个体有发生主观社会流动的可能性。社会流动预期能反映即将步入老年这一“事件”对准老年人心态的影响。研究准老年人主观阶层认同的分布特点和社会流动预期的影响因素为帮助准老年人群体构建积极老龄观提供了新的切入点。本文关注准老年人当下及10年后主观阶层认同的群体分布特点,同时重点关注准老年人子女的数量和性别结构如何影响其社会流动预期,影响效应是否存在城乡差异。本研究基于费孝通的“反馈模式”,提出“现实压力机制”和“预期反馈机制”两种假设路径。文章使用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2010年和2021年数据描述准老年人主观阶层认同的分布特点,构建多元线性回归模型,在控制准老年人人口学特征、社会经济特征和主观社会感受等变量的基础上,分析子女的数量和性别结构对准老年人社会流动预期的影响效应。研究发现:准老年人当前及10年后的认同阶层分布均存在“向下偏移”,但这一特征有所弱化;大部分准老年人的社会流动预期呈现小跨度向上流动的特点。在控制其他因素的条件下,有2个孩子的准老年人相比只有1个孩子的社会流动预期更高,儿女双全的准老年人社会流动预期高于只有1个女儿的准老年人。这在一定程度上证明了“预期反馈机制”,即子女数量更多的准老年人对于未来能从子女处获得的物质和精神支持抱有更高的期待,因此产生了更为积极的向上社会流动预期。此外,子女数量与子女性别对准老年人社会流动预期的影响存在城乡差异,2个孩子、儿女双全、2个及以上女儿、2个及以上儿子均显著正向影响非农业准老年人的社会流动预期,但对农业准老年人的社会流动预期影响不显著。“预期反馈机制”对这一结果的解释存在局限,基于此,本文提出了“压力-反馈机制”假说,即城市准老年人支持子女的现实压力可能拉低了其对当前所处阶层的判断,当他们完成支持者到被支持者的身份转换之后,认同的主观社会阶层提高,因此出现了向上的社会流动预期。

社会实践类国家级一流本科课程建设的探索与实践--以衡阳师范学院旅游管理专业为例

对照教育部有关社会实践一流本科课程建设的内涵,结合旅游管理专业综合性、应用性与实践性强的特征,以衡阳师范学院国家级一流本科课程“旅游管理专业综合实践”为例,从课程主题与目标体系设计、课程模块与内容体系构建、课程模式与教学方法创新等三方面,阐述高校旅游管理专业社会实践课程建设的思路,介绍“传承文化基因,助力乡村旅游”的综合实践课程主题和“能力导向、任务驱动下的三段式”教学模式,为旅游管理专业人才培养和社会实践一流本科课程建设提供参考。

角色游戏促进中班幼儿社会自立-安全常识发展的个案研究

为探究角色游戏对中班幼儿社会自立-安全常识发展的作用,研究采用单被试A-B实验设计,选取3名社会自立-安全常识发展水平较低的中班幼儿为被试,通过角色游戏对其社会自立-安全常识进行干预。结果表明:角色游戏能够促进中班幼儿社会自立-安全常识的发展,三名个案在干预期和追踪期的社会自立-安全常识均高于基线期。结论:角色游戏能有效提高幼儿的社会自立-安全常识水平。教师和家长可以通过角色游戏培养幼儿的社会自立-安全常识,促进幼儿的安全常识养成和独立自主性发展。

社区特征、个人社会经济地位与老年人健康及其不平等

以往对老年人健康水平及其不平等现象的研究多从个体社会地位、关系网络的角度展开,较少关注外在于个体的宏观社会结构、社会资源因素可能引发的健康风险与潜在的健康不平等问题。本文利用clds2014年的数据拟合多层次模型,考察个人社会经济地位、社区社会结构和社会资本对老年人健康水平与不平等现象的影响机制。研究发现:不同社会经济特征的老年人在健康水平上存在明显的差异;社区特征对老年人健康水平存在着独立于个人因素的整体性影响,并对老年人健康不平等现象产生弱化与强化两种调节机制。(1)社区阶层异质性的分化程度会影响健康水平。其中,社区社会经济地位会弱化健康不平等,而社区内部阶层异质性则会强化健康不平等。(2)社区社会资本的培育能够显著提升老年人的健康水平并弱化健康不平等。因此,健康中国战略的实施要着眼于中国的健康分层现象,采取社区层面的健康干预,尽可能地增加弱势群体的健康资本。

“新工科”视角下高校一流学科交叉合作关系研究——以河海大学“水利工程”学科发文文献为例

新工科建设强调多学科交叉融合的重要性。文章以河海大学一流学科为例,运用社会网络分析法分析了自新工科建设规划以来的SCI论文,并从合作网络、网络测度、结构分析等层面,探讨学科合作交叉特征。研究发现,河海大学一流学科具有较显著的跨学科、跨领域合作特征,并且合作有较强的学科集中性。该研究结果有助于理解新工科建设中一流学科交叉合作的内在机制,为高校优化学科布局、提升交叉融合能力、促进新工科建设提供参考帮助。

主观社会阶层与道德判断的关系:独立型自我构念与零和博弈信念的链式中介作用

本研究选取523名被试,进行道德判断、主观社会阶层、自我构念与零和博弈信念的测量,以探讨主观社会阶层与道德判断之间的中介机制。结果表明:(1)主观社会阶层显著正向预测功利型道德判断;(2)独立型自我构念和零和博弈信念在主观社会阶层预测功利型道德判断中起到链式中介作用;(3)零和博弈信念在主观社会阶层和道德判断中起遮掩作用。本研究有助于研究者深入了解社会性因素影响道德判断的机制。

教育戏剧影响中班流动幼儿社会情感能力的实证研究

流动儿童作为社会弱势群体,往往面临情感忽视、校园霸凌等风险。探讨和支持流动儿童社会情感能力发展具有重要意义。本研究采用多组前后测设计,辅以个案观察、访谈、教学日志等定性数据,选取某市城中村一所民办普惠幼儿园各27名中班幼儿分别作为实验组和对照组,针对实验组开展连续12周共24次教育戏剧活动。结果发现:在共情与亲社会行为方面,两组前测差异不显著,干预后实验组幼儿共情与亲社会行为得分显著高于对照组;在认知控制、情绪表达和情绪调节方面,两组前测差异不显著,干预后实验组虽得分优于对照组但差异不显著。这说明,教育戏剧能促进中班流动幼儿社会情感能力发展,其中对共情和亲社会行为的发展能起到有效的促进作用。教育戏剧能为指导流动幼儿社会情感能力发展提供有益参考,幼儿园应以教育戏剧为契机形成适宜的园所课程并持续开展,教师可将戏剧范式应用到一日生活和其他教育活动中解决流动幼儿社会交往的实际问题,将幼儿的戏剧体验转化为个人能力。同时,注重家园社协同育人,共同关注流动儿童社会情感能力的发展。

流入地社会网络对流动人口主观幸福感的影响研究——基于CGSS 2017调查数据的实证分析

目的研究流入地社会网络对流动人口主观幸福感的影响及其内在机制,为提高流动人口幸福感提供政策建议。方法采用2017年中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS 2017),使用有序回归分析Oprobit模型,探讨流入地社会网络对流动人口主观幸福感的影响及其机制。结果流入地社会网络能显著提高流动人口的主观幸福感,但在3个子维度上存在差异,具体表现为,亲戚关系的系数为0.053、邻里关系为0.070、朋友关系为0.141。主观阶层认同在提高流动人口主观幸福感的过程中发挥中介机制作用,中介效应为0.042,占总效应的12.65%。结论流入地社会网络、主观阶层认同对流动人口主观幸福感发挥显著作用。需要重视流动人口在流入地社会网络的建立;政府、社区应采取相应措施,鼓励和协助流动人口建立社会网络,提高主观阶层认同,从而提升幸福感。