Social Classes and Cultural Connotations of Yangzhou Home Gardens during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.

A Multimodal Analysis of Social Class in College English Textbook

As a required course at higher education level,English has permeated the everyday life of Chinese students from all so-cial backgrounds.Social class,deciding one’s access to various social and educational recourses,has a great influence on thelearning process of college students inside and outside the classroom.However,few studies have placed their focus on social classand college English textbooks.Thus,this paper attempts to adopt a multimodal analysis to find how the speaking tasks in collegeEnglish textbook represents the social identity of Chinese college students and to offer pedagogic implications.

Observing Social Classes of Britain through The Up Series

We are acquainted with this saying:Every one is equal,but in Britain,there are different social classes.People from dif⁃ferent social classes in Britain are different in many aspects.The Up Series is a series of documentary films produced by Granada Television for ITV that have followed the lives of fourteen British children since 1964,when they were seven years old.So far the documentary has had eight episodes spanning 49 years(one episode every seven years)all of which were broadcast on ITV,apart from the 6th episode which was broadcast on BBC One[1].This article introduced the background information of this series,made comparisons among different children in this series,and it came into 3 conclusions.

Higher Education Admission Policy and Social Class of Ethnic Minority:The Case of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China

Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China.In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao,the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minority Candidates(PBSEMC)has been issued,whose,however,effectiveness in promoting upward social class has not been adequately empirically explored.The difference-in-differences(DID)analysis based on cross-sectional data,which is distinct from the traditional DID analysis paradigm,was implemented to assess the Reform of PBSEMC in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1988.The results showed that PBSEMC had a significant and positive impact on the social classes of ethnic minorities,and gender,residence type and occupation type were also relevant to social class,aligning with the previous literature.The PBSEMC is effective in improving the social classes of ethnic minorities.However,the PBSEMC policy should be made more precise,in order to benefit the candidates who are in genuine need of assistance.

On the Presentation of Social Class Difference in The Garden Party in terms of its Narrative Style and Settings Description

Katherine Mansfield was a predominant modernist writer who had written the well-known short story The Garden Party, which explicitly interprets the idea of social class difference between the upper class and the working class. This paper discusses its presentation of social class difference from two aspects, including the narrative style and the settings.

Availability and Equality of Health Services: The Reduction of the Influence of Social Class on Obstetric Health Behavior in Northern Bangladesh

The present study attempts to examine the influence of social class (in terms of educational qualification, the occupation of the husband and monthly family income of the respondents) on obstetric health behavior (in terms of antenatal care or ANC visits, the intake of iron tablets, tetanus toxoid vaccination of mother, types of birth attendant, sources of information about obstetric health) in some suburban places of northern Bangladesh. Mix methods have been executed to conduct the present study. A total of one hundred and twenty-five (125) women who gave birth within the last two years have been selected through purposive sampling. Besides ten (10) case studies and five (5) key informants analysis have been performed in this study. As all the variables;both dependent and independent;used in this study are categorical, the Chi-square test has been used to assess the relationship between social class and obstetric health behavior. In this study, a significant association has been found between taking of iron tablets and occupation of the husband (P = 0.026);taking of iron tablets and educational qualification (P = 0.029);vaccination of mother (TT) and educational qualification (P = 0.004), whereas the association of other variables regarding social class and obstetric health behavior has been found insignificant. So the present study shows that the influence of social class on obstetric health behavior has been significantly reduced. It is evidenced that nowadays the effect of social class on obstetric health behavior has significantly faded by the availability, equality-based health services, and services through satellite clinics in the study area. Stakeholders and concerned authorities should give top priority to the findings while developing strategies to improve the condition of maternal health of Bangladesh to acquire the aims of reducing maternal mortality to less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births.

Social class differences in parent educational expectations:The relationship between parents’social status and their expectations for children’s education

To achieve the overall goals and purposes of education is closely related to the living environments of students.Different family backgrounds will put children into a situation where they face unfair competition.According to a survey conducted in China’s Urumqi and Changchun about parents’awareness of educating their children,this paper will suggest that families with different backgrounds have different expectations for their children’s education.Moreover,it suggests that parents’social status is related to their children’s education expectations.Therefore,we can find that parents’social status influences their children’s education,and their positions in social class are related to education.

Social Identity in The Tattooed Girl

The relationship between social class and social identity is that, on one hand, social identity is linked to social class and class distinction plays the most important role in determining social identity; and on the other hand, social identity stresses the individual＇s subjective feelings and it refers to the perception of the individual. What is important is the effect of the psychological essence of social identity. In Oates＇s The Tattooed Girl （2004）, an individual＇s perception of social identity has an impact on his or her behavior that causes conflicts between the characters. This paper will analyze the issue of social identity in The Tattooed Girl from the following aspects： How the lower class with a subordinate social identity experiences the personal struggles; How the middle class with a privileged social identity undergoes spiritual suffering due to the traumatic memory; And how the less advantaged attempts to break the social identity boundary, and how such efforts lead to tragedy.

On the Social Variation of English Language

This paper concentrates on social variation to explain how it works in English language and attempt to introduce it to the advanced Chinese learners.

中国老年人的社会参与模式及其对年龄认同的影响——基于2016 CLASS数据的实证分析

基于2016年中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)数据,根据老年人参加经济活动、政治活动、公益活动、家庭活动、上网和体育锻炼的情况,利用潜在类别模型探索了老年人的社会参与模式,分析了社会参与模式对老年人年龄认同的影响。研究发现,我国老年人的社会参与模式可以分为低参与型、适度参与型和高参与型等三种类型;OLS模型结果验证了社会参与模式和老年人年龄认同之间的相关性,与低参与型和高参与型两种模式相比,适度参与型模式显著提高了老年人的年龄认同;采用两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)控制内生性以后,研究结论依然成立。此外,适度参与型模式对不同类型老年人群体年龄认同的影响具有异质性特征。

Gender, Social Origins and Accumulated Disadvantages Associated with Mid-Life Body Weight in Taiwan

Obesity is a problem with global health and economic consequences. This study assesses the impact of social origins and socio-economic disadvantages on mid-life body weight. Hypotheses of both critical early life period and social trajectory were tested using a sample of 845 adults, aged 45 to 69 years, from a nationally representative sample in 2009 Taiwan Social Change Survey. The study found evidence of a significant gender-specific heterogeneity of social origins on obesity risk. Men with accumulated disadvantage had increased BMI, but no significant accumulative trajectories were found among women. Obesity prevention must consider factors beyond behavioral change, and include a focus on social origins and gender identity.

New Characteristics and Tendencies on Chinese Social Mobility： A Review of the Study on Current Social Mobility of ＂X Second Generation＂

Over the past decade the social structure of China has undergone profound changes. The vertical social mobility between social classes tended to slow down and the social structures and stratification became solidified. Phrases such as "second generation of the rich,""second generation of officials,"and "second generation of the farmers"appeared frequently on the Internet and other media,which to some extent reflect the trend in social structure. However,little research has been conducted to address these issues in recent years.This field is in great need of systematic and authoritative surveys and studies on social fragmentation,marginalization,stratification,and mobility.

Problems of New Generation Migrant Workers from the Perspective of Social Discrimination

The correlation of migrant workers and other social problems are studied from the aspects of the concept of "migrant workers" and social discrimination,"new generation" and mobility of social class,and the gender structure of new generation migrant workers.The results show that the "worker" in the "migrant worker" comes from the "work for other people";although the "migrant worker" has the sense of discrimination,it really reflects the survival states of a certain social class;comparing with the first class migrant workers,the new generation migrant workers are the second generation of migrant workers,and their social position has not changed basically.The unfairness of social mobility is included among the "poor second generation","rich second generation" and "officer second generation",which may lead to the hardening of social class and the appear of opposite classes;the new generation migrant workers are subverting their fathers’ psychological recognition of "man dominates the outside and the woman dominates the inside" by the imbalanced sex structure,which is characterized by more women and less men.The social problems concerning new generation migrant workers caused by the sex discrepancy are directly related to the construction of the framework which comes up to the human moral and the stable improvement of the whole social ideological and cultural level.

Social Differences and English Varieties

Social varieties has long been taken into consideration,as people in different social group have different social manner and speech behavior.This paper focuses on several aspects,such as sex,age,social class, etc.which account for language varieties in English.The purpose is to have a good understanding of learning English as second language.

Social Factors Influencing Language-A Study on Rachel's Language in “Friends 3”

Language is influenced by many factors, among which social class and network are the two main aspects. Many scholars have argued about which one plays the role more importantly, but no conclusion was reached. This paper, based on Rachel's language in Friends 3, is to analyze whether her language will change when she moves to another social class, but staying in the same network, therefore to study the major social factor influencing language.

家庭社会经济地位对学生社会与情感能力的影响——成长型思维和学业焦虑的链式中介作用

本研究基于2023年济南参加OECD社会与情感能力测评的数据,聚焦家庭社会经济地位对学生社会与情感能力的影响,并尝试从学生成长型思维和学业焦虑两个视角出发,探讨两个变量在家庭社会经济地位影响学生社会与情感能力的中介机制。研究结果表明:(1)家庭社会经济地位、成长型思维都对学生社会与情感能力产生显著正向影响,学业焦虑对学生社会与情感能力产生显著负向影响;(2)成长型思维发挥着显著正向中介作用,即家庭社会经济地位通过成长型思维的中介作用对学生社会与情感能力产生积极促进作用;(3)学业焦虑作为中介变量呈现显著负向中介效应,表明家庭社会经济地位通过学业焦虑的中介作用对学生社会与情感能力产生不利影响;(4)研究进一步揭示了成长型思维和学业焦虑之间显著正向的链式中介作用,即家庭社会经济地位通过影响学生的成长型思维,进而调节学生的学业焦虑水平,最终对学生社会与情感能力产生综合影响。基于实证结果的讨论,本研究针对学生社会与情感能力发展水平的提升提出三方面建议:一是给予家庭社会经济地位较弱的学生群体更多资源和平台的支持;二是以学校为主阵地,系统建立成长型思维培养的路径机制;三是推进家校联动,共同破解青少年学业焦虑难题。

中国的代际流动:多维视角下的动态比较分析

促进代际流动是推进共同富裕的重要手段。使用联立方程模型多维度分析当前中国代际流动的动态特征以及各维度间的相互关系,并通过代际流动系数的分解探讨不同维度代际流动的影响因素。研究发现,教育的代际流动性要显著低于职业的代际流动性,并且教育与职业相互之间有显著影响,教育对职业代际流动的贡献超过50%,父代职业对教育代际流动的贡献为11%左右;母亲—子代的代际流动性显著低于父亲—子代的代际流动性,但更易受外在因素的影响;2018年家庭社会地位的代际流动性相比2010年显著下降,并受个体职业选择的影响;父代—女儿的代际流动性显著低于父代—儿子的代际流动性,城镇的代际流动性低于农村的代际流动性;代际流动性与年龄之间关系总体呈现U型,20世纪70年代末出生的个体代际流动性最差。因此,需要综合多个维度评估代际流动现状,通过促进公共服务均等化以推动区域均衡发展、加强弱势群体人力资本投资以提升其从经济增长中获益的能力,改善代际流动。

数字普惠金融、居民收入变化与社会阶层流动

文章采用北京大学数字普惠金融指数和中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的匹配数据,运用多元有序Log-it模型检验数字普惠金融发展过程中家庭收入变化对社会阶层流动的影响。研究结果表明,与传统普惠金融相比,数字普惠金融推动低收入家庭社会阶层向上流动的作用更大,且主要流向了中等收入阶层,这一影响对高受教育水平、城市及东中部地区的低收入家庭社会阶层向上流动的正向影响更明显。进一步研究发现,普及数字设备和提升金融能力对数字普惠金融推动低收入家庭社会阶层向上流动产生正向调节效应,推动稳定就业和促进社会互动是数字普惠金融推动低收入家庭社会阶层向上流动的重要机制。

主观阶层认同、阶层流动感知对农业转移人口市民化影响研究

利用中国综合社会调查数据,分析主观阶层认同、阶层流动感知对农业转移人口市民化的影响。研究表明,主观阶层认同感高的农业转移人口,其市民化水平较高;阶层的上向流动,能提升农业转移人口的市民化水平。机制分析表明,家庭阶层、社会经济地位自评分别在主观阶层认同对市民化水平影响中发挥调节作用、中介作用。异质性分析表明,老一代、女性农业转移人口的主观阶层定位对其市民化水平影响更大,中、西部地区较东部地区有更大的市民化发展潜力。据此,应为农业转移人口搭建多元化社交平台,畅通阶层的上向流动,尤其关注老一代和女性农业转移人口的主观阶层定位;中部地区可探索户籍准入同城化,鼓励就近市民化,西部地区应重点维护农业转移人口的阶层地位,以促进东中西部地区市民化协调发展,提升新型城镇化质量。

论社会流动对慈善近代化的驱动作用

近代慈善的产生与近代社会变革带来的社会结构和生产关系深刻变化密切相关,社会流动是其中的重要因素之一。传统慈善因社会流动格局的变化丧失了生长土壤继而衰熄或转型,近代慈善也因社会流动加剧及多样化逐渐发展成型。社会流动是生产关系改变的产物,其对慈善近代化的驱动只是社会生产力与生产关系变化的一种具象化体现。随着近代工业化和城市化的推进,慈善事业不再只是一种救济形式,也不再局限于个人或团体的行为,更多地成为国家治理的一部分。