Discussion on Social Governance Mode under New Normal Concept

"New Normal"is the basic transition modality existing in the Chinese society to the historical development stage and the new normal mode has special pattern of manifestation in political,economic,cultural,social,legal and military fields.Recognizing,adapting to and leading new normal should become the basic content in the work of the party and the country in the coming period.

Exploring Differences between American and Chinese Concept of Education

Along with the advance of society and technology, education is becoming increasingly important than ever before. It determines in a large measure the success or failure of a nation in the global competition. However, different countries have different concept of education. In this paper, the author will make a brief sketch of some differences between American and Chinese concept of education.

家长早期阅读观念与儿童读写能力发展的关系探究

家长阅读观念是影响儿童读写能力发展的重要因素。文本从教育效能感、认同感、言语参与度、阅读理解度、知识建立、资源运用和环境投入七个维度出发,探索家长早期阅读观念现状,并对被试儿童进行读写发展量表测查,旨在探究家长早期阅读观念与儿童读写能力发展之间的关系。研究发现,家长早期阅读观念整体呈现积极态势,但不同维度间存在不平衡性,环境投入和资源运用维度的信念水平较低,家庭社会经济地位不同可能导致家长早期阅读观念存在差异;家长早期阅读观念的不同维度与儿童的读写能力发展存在显著相关,其中,阅读解释和环境投入在预测儿童读写能力发展中扮演重要角色。基于上述发现,文本认为需引导家长树立良好的早期阅读观念,加强对低家庭社会经济地位家庭的支持,重视环境投入、阅读解释和积极影响的重要价值。

The Presence of an Exercise Instructor or Group Members Affects Physical Self-Concept and Physical Self-Esteem: An Experimental Study in the Elderly

Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.

On Social Characteristics of English Proverbs

Proverbs are an important part of language and culture in a society.The appropriate use of which is a mark of a language learner’s command of the language.This paper analyses the social characteristics of English proverbs based on sociolinguistics and illustrates these features from four main factors concerning nature,men,culture and customs so as to enhance language learners’ awareness to comprehend and utilize proverbs in the light of these social characteristics in a precise and accurate way.

核心素养导向的学科实践:内在逻辑与学习进程

学科实践是核心素养导向下的学科学习新形态,指向学生应对复杂问题情境的胜任力与协作交往的道德力的培育。学科实践包含人类实践、专业实践和个体实践,其紧紧围绕着学科知识与学科实践、学科观念与学科实践的互通关系而展开,知识在人类实践中产生又在指导和规约实践中得以发展,个体观念则在经历学科知识生产和发展的思维过程和实践过程中得以建构,再应用于实际问题解决以发展学生的学科理解力与学科实践力。学科实践以感性实践为起点,在复杂问题解决学习中通过理性实践与协作探究深化知识理解,并在知行循环中实现知识迁移与知识应用。让学科实践在学校教育中得以真正落实,需明确“学用合一”的学习理念,以“学科心理”来融通系列学习活动,厘清进阶性学科问题与问题链的现实路径,并致力构建意义协商的学习共同体。

Coordination:From Development Concept to Methodology Innovation

Coordinated development focuses on ensuring an integrated,systematic and coordinated development approach.It exhibits the new thinking of social engineering,and concerns value orientation,distribution change,strategic direction and problem orientation.It is of great methodological significance in boosting the economic and social development of China during the 13 th Five-year Plan and beyond.Coordinated development requires a top-level design in social engineering,which includes deconstructing urban-rural dual structures,mending the"short planks",synchronous advancement of the new"Four Modernizations,"as well as the joint development of cultural-ethical production and material production.As a methodology of social engineering,coordinated development contains the methods of social design,social reflection and social evaluation and has become a basic model to guide and hold the new normal of China's economy.

外来务工人员子女社会支持对学业情绪的影响:自我概念的中介作用

为了解自我概念对外来务工人员子女学业情绪的影响,并探讨社会支持在其中所起到的作用,采用社会支持评定量表、田纳西自我概念量表以及学业情绪评定量表,在河南省鹤壁、新郑、新乡等地对385名外来务工人员子女进行调查。在问卷处理时,删除废卷25份,最终有效问卷360份。研究结果显示:(1)外来务工人员子女学业情绪的积极低唤醒和消极高唤醒维度在不同性别方面存在显著性差异(t=3.026,P<0.05;t=1.974,P<0.05),不同外来务工人员子女的客观社会支持维度在不同年级方面存在显著性差异(F=8.096,P<0.01);(2)外来务工人员子女的社会支持与自我概念(r=0.655,P<0.01)及学业情绪(r=0.165,P<0.01)间呈现正相关,自我概念与学业情绪之间呈现正相关(r=0.257,P<0.01);(3)自我概念在外来务工人员子女的社会支持和学业情绪关系中起完全中介作用,直接效应为-0.278,95%的可置信区间为(0.919,-0.567)。结论:外来务工人员子女的社会支持对其学业情绪具有正向预测作用,且全部影响可能是通过其自我概念来实现的。

西南近代军阀公馆建筑的风格类型与特征

军阀统治是西南近代历史上的重要时期。西南近代军阀和高级将领在驻防城镇和家乡建造的居住类公馆,主要有合院式、外廊式、洋房式三类,由于样式传播的源头不同,受外来建筑材料、风格、技术的影响不同,因而形成不同地域军阀公馆流行类型和特征的差异。军阀公馆建筑风格的选择,反映了当时社会主要矛盾的变化,也受军阀自身观念的影响。

Concerted Practice of the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy Together with the “Five Development Concepts”

The practice of adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics requires the concerted practice of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy together with the five major development concepts.First,the implementation of the five major development concepts can be deemed as the precursor to the country's goal of building a moderately prosperous society.To this end,we shall innovatively tackle the developmental problems,coordinate social and economical development,leverage sound economic growth and resource exploitation,and practice open development strategies for the goal of creating prosperity for the entire population of China.Also,with the five major development concepts as a prerequisite for deepening reform,new measures shall be taken to creatively solve specific reform issues.Coordination shall be considered to keep all measures in one system and entity.We shall take green development concept to remove all the obstacles on our path to reform,and take opening-up concept to keep transparent and impartial reform atmosphere and sharing concept to ensure the beneficial policies and projects for the well being of all people.Moreover,implementing the five major development concepts as the foundation for law-based governance of China,innovation shall be made to develop a complete,standardized legal system,and coordination shall be developed for the legal guarantee of concerted and upgraded national hard and soft power.We shall take the green development concept for an equal legal environment,the opening-up concept to build law-based awareness for the whole society,and the sharing concept to benefit all people with fairness and righteousness in every judicial case.The five major development concepts shall be the cornerstone for strengthening Party self-discipline,by which we shall innovatively enhance Party leadership,coordinately build the Party and the Party's leading role,build a sound,orderly and vigorous political structure within the Party with green development concept.

Chinese Enrichment and Development of Marxist Concept of Democracy in the New Era

Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,Chinese communists,re-presented by President Xi Jinping,have innovated Marxist Concept of Democracy base on Chinese history,culture and conditions. On the basis of inheriting Marxist thought of the inner prescriptions of "people's democracy",they fur-ther expanded the connotation and extension of "rule by the people",developed the contents of the electoral democ-racy and consultative democracy in China.,enriched the concrete requirements of the democratic realization condi-tions from the aspects of economic foundation,intellectual support and the guarantee of the rule of law,and a new ex-ploration is made on the development of China's democratic political system from the aspects of Party's leadership and operation supervision.

社会政策的概念、范式与理论框架——兼论社会政策的历史渊源

社会政策是一个极为重要的学术领地和政策场域,但其基础概念、范围边界和历史脉络仍有许多模糊之处。本文尝试沿着历史和理论两条发展线索来梳理澄清社会政策的概念、范式与框架。历史上,社会政策起源于德国和英国。在19世纪中期的德国,“讲坛社会主义者”着眼于国民经济大视野创建和发展了社会政策的概念,并建立了影响深远的“社会政策协会”。英国则是在费边社会主义思潮的影响下于20世纪中叶开启了对社会政策的概念论述,并将其作为实现渐进式社会改良的重要途径之一。理论上,盎格鲁-撒克逊和德国学术界对社会政策进行了概念界定和学科范围划定,促使其在综合汲取的基础上逐步完成了知识构建的自主化和本我化。基于社会政策的历史和理论叙事,本文从互助馈赠关系、国家与社会之间的“区分”和“介入”关系,以及社会与系统“双整合”功能三个层面来建构现代社会政策理论。本文的边际贡献是在社会政策与普遍社会科学理论之间建立理论对话的通道,为社会政策提供一般意义上的理论解释框架。

“佛系青年”与社会支持:兼论新时代青年奋斗观的培育

近年来,“佛系”文化在青年学生中流行,这对青年人的奋斗精神造成一定的冲击。本文从社会支持的角度探讨了“佛系青年”的形成原因。研究结果表明,社会支持对青年学生的佛系倾向具有显著负向影响,且主观性社会支持和社会支持的利用情况对佛系倾向的解释力均强于客观性社会支持对佛系倾向的解释力。为降低青年群体的佛系倾向,重塑奋斗观,可为青年构建完善的社会支持体系,并且既要关注客观性社会支持,更要重视青年群体的主观性社会支持和对社会支持的利用情况。

优化创新生态系统下的高校职务科技成果管理:美国的经验与启示

目前我国初步建立了高校职务科技成果管理制度,但管理服务体系建设尚未获得足够的关注。美国高校在科技成果转化方面处于全球一流水平。宽松的政策环境、强劲的科研实力,更有专业化管理组织与服务体系,推动着美国高校科技成果转化在全球一骑绝尘。通过对美国高校技术经理人协会统计数据及技术转化案例的综合分析,总结了美国高校科技成果管理体系社会化、专业化、组织化的发展态势,并基于美国高校技术转化实践经验对中国高校职务科技成果管理体系建设提出建议:(1)重视社会化科技成果管理需求,建立社会化科技成果管理体系;(2)制定职业认定标准,培养专业化科技成果管理人才队伍;(3)构建有效的激励机制,鼓励科技成果转化。

乡村老年人数字鸿沟的“针灸理念”介入机理与实践逻辑

在老龄化和数字化的双重背景下,如何有效弥合乡村老年人数字鸿沟是数字乡村建设必须回答的时代命题。文章以“针灸理念”为切入视角,结合社会工作实务的四大基本系统,构建“针灸理念”介入乡村老年人数字鸿沟的分析框架。研究发现,“针灸理念”介入乡村老年人数字鸿沟的过程主要包括“激活功能、确定穴位”和“辨症施针、舒经活穴”两大疗程,继而提出“空间微更新、需求微刺激、资源微链接、多方微组织”四大行动策略,但在介入过程中依然存在“理念、个体、系统”层面的现实困境。因此,可进一步通过“全局观”倡导数字包容、“渐进式”增强数字认同、“可持续”保证多主体参与的一系列“舒经活穴”路径,增强乡村老年人的数字获得感和幸福感。

有留守经历大学生心理困扰与积极自我概念:领悟社会支持和希望感的链式中介作用

目的探讨有留守经历大学生的心理困扰与积极自我概念的关系以及领悟社会支持和希望感的中介作用,为高校特殊群体大学生开展积极心理教育提供理论依据。方法采用心理困扰量表、领悟社会支持量表、希望感量表和积极自我概念调查表对687名有留守经历大学生进行问卷调查,通过多元线性回归分析有留守经历大学生的领悟社会支持和希望感在心理困扰与积极自我概念之间的中介效应。结果有留守经历大学生心理困扰总分为(23.02±9.22)分;不同性别和留守持续时间的大学生心理困扰得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);有留守经历大学生的心理困扰与领悟社会支持、希望感、积极自我概念均呈负相关(r=-0.556、-0.218、-0.426,P<0.01),领悟社会支持、希望感与积极自我概念呈正相关(r=0.470、0.225,P<0.01);回归分析显示,有留守经历大学生的心理困扰(β=-0.167,P<0.01)、领悟社会支持(β=0.461,P<0.01)和希望感(β=0.352,P<0.01)对积极自我概念具有一定的预测作用;中介效应分析显示,领悟社会支持和希望感在有留守经历大学生的心理困扰与积极自我概念之间发挥部分中介效应(β=-0.250,P<0.01),中介效应占总效应的57.73%。结论领悟社会支持和希望感对有留守经历大学生的积极自我概念发展产生积极影响,对心理困扰产生的消极影响起到明显的缓冲作用。

公安院校毒品预防社会实践课程改革探索

为了解决传统毒品预防课程存在的学生认同度低、能力和素质培养途径欠缺、课堂参与度低、课堂效果反馈不及时等问题,中国刑事警察学院禁毒学专业毒品预防课程组在OBE教育理念的指引下,探索毒品预防社会实践课程的创新性改革路径,通过增加实践教学模块、反向教学设计、提升教师实践教学能力、多元化评价体系、打造协同育人平台等方式,转变了学生学习态度,全面提升知识、能力、素质水平,提高学警的社会认可度和影响力,助力课程目标的全面达成,促进育人水平持续提升。

社会舆论对公民思想观念的隐性教育研究——基于马克思主义社会科学方法论的视角

当今社会信息技术的日新月异,社会舆论对公民思想观念的影响正在加大。社会舆论对公民思想观念的形成和发展具有隐性教育的作用,其可以成为公民思想观念教育的“正能量”,也具有情绪化、非理性一面的负面效应。运用马克思主义社会科学方法论剖析社会舆论对公民思想观念产生影响的原因、其产生和发展过程中的受教育者、以及发展动力等问题具有重要意义。研究在方法论的指导下从四个方面拓展社会舆论有效发挥正向教育作用的路径:一是社会系统研究方法的四大基本原则共同作用;二是个人和国家作为社会舆论同一个方面的两个不同主体必须共同作用;三是直击舆论的矛盾根源;四是理性把握社会舆论传播的客观规律性。

以文促职:印度职业教育文化认同的实践向度

职业教育社会认同实现的前提在于提升大众对职业教育文化的认同,增强职业教育文化认同的关键在于强化不同社群对职业教育要素文化的吸引力。职业教育文化认同是个体与社会互动达成的职业教育文化意识,涵盖技术文化、工业文化、环境氛围、社会观念等要素。从国际比较视野出发,印度职业教育文化认同的实践向度以传播技术文化为先导,以创新工业文化为核心,以营造良好的环境氛围为桥梁,以扭转社会观念为抓手,四种要素文化互融互通、多元协同,共同增强了印度职业教育文化的适应性、自觉性、自信心以及吸引力,为全球提升社会吸引力贡献了“印度路径”。

社交焦虑:概念分析

目的:通过文献对社交焦虑的发展状况、应用、定义属性、案例、前因、后果等进行系统分析,从大学生的角度厘清我国社交焦虑的概念内涵。方法:依据Walker及Avant概念分析法,进行社交焦虑的概念分析。对社交焦虑心理、生理、社会等方面的特点进行了描述。结果:根据几个与社交焦虑相关的定义、相关文献研究中重复出现的社交焦虑特点以及DSM-Ⅴ社交焦虑诊断标准,得出社交焦虑概念的特征是主观上表现为对负面评价的恐惧、过分害怕别人凝视、出现生理反应(表现为面色发红、颤抖、出汗)。结论:通过Walker及Avant的概念分析法,得出了一个清晰的社交焦虑概念。理解社交焦虑的特征、前因及后果能够帮助医护人员提高认识,更好地识别社交焦虑,并提供必要的心理支持,典型案例的描述有助于更好地识别社交焦虑的特征。进行社交焦虑的概念分析,可有效开展心理教育,提高大学生的社会交往能力,帮助医护人员更好地识别高危人群,提高社交焦虑人群的社会支持。