Structural Gender Inequality and Mental Health among Chinese Men and Women

Little is known about the association between structural gender inequality and health in patriarchal China.This study employed a sample from the Chinese Women’s Social Status,consisting of 26,139 participants aged 18 and 70 years(13,494 women and 12,645 men).Structural gender inequality was assessed at the macro-,meso-,and micro-levels.Mental health was measured by the summed scores of eight questions on depressive symptoms.Multilevel linear regression was applied for analysis.Results showed that total sex ratio at birth was associated with poorer mental health among women and men but sex ratio at birth of the second-born child predicted better mental health.Gender inequality at meso-level resulted in poorer mental health and gender inequality at micro-level was associated with poorer mental health both for men and women.Eliminating structural gender inequality promotes populations’mental health in China.

Social determinants of type 2 diabetes and health in the United States

Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. To date, most research and resulting clinical strategies have focused on the individual with shortterm health improvements that have not been maintained over time. Researchers more recently have recognized the need to consider the social determinants of diabetes and health along with individual factors. The purpose of this literature review is to examine current understanding of the social determinants affecting diabetes and health. A search of medical and nursing literature was conducted using PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases, selecting articles published between 2000 and 2013. Search terms included: type 2 diabetes, social determinants, and health determinants. Inclusion criteria were: English language, human studies, social determinants of diabetes and health, and research in the United States. Additional search methods included reference chaining of the literature. Twenty research articles met the inclusion criteria for the review and analysis and included quantitative and qualitative methods. All studies selected for this review were descriptive in nature(n = 20). Fifteen studies were quantitative studies and five were qualitative studies. No intervention studies met inclusion criteria. Each study is summarized and critiqued. Study findings indicate that external or upstream factors consistentlyaffect individuals diagnosed with diabetes, influencing self-management. Significant methodological limitations result directly from small sample sizes, convenience or nonprobability sampling, and low statistical power.

Depressive symptoms and the associations with individual, psychosocial, and structural determinants in Swedish adolescents

Depressive symptoms in adolescents are an increasing public health issue in Sweden and in most Western countries. Aim: To explore how individual, psychosocial, and structural determinants are associated with depressive symptoms in Swedish adolescents. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was answered by 1193 13- to 16-year-old boys (n = 566) and girls (n = 627). Stepwise logistic regressions were employed to analyse the association between depressive symptoms and various determinants at the individual level (self-efficacy), the psychosocial level (parental, peer, and teacher support, school demands, sexual harassment, and bullying) and the structural level (family affluence, having less money than friends, and parental foreign background). Results: Determinants at the individual, psychosocial, and structural levels were independently associated with high levels of depressive symptoms in both boys and girls. The full model explained a high proportion of the variance in depressive symptoms in both genders;34.1% in boys and 36.8% in girls. The psychosocial level contributed the most to explaining the variance in depressive symptoms in boys. In girls, when harassment variables were separated from psychosocial variables, the harassment variables contributed as much to the full model as the rest of the psychosocial variables combined. Conclusions: Addressing psychosocial determinants provides the greatest benefits for preventing depressive symptoms in adolescents. Acknowledging the association between sexual harassment and depressive symptoms for girls and having less money than their friends for boys and girls are particularly important.

Mental health in a Canadian Old Order Mennonite community

This paper presents the results of a 2010 survey exploring the determinants of rural mental health in two farming groups in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Old Order Mennonites (OOMs) and non-OOM farmers. Comparing these two groups reduces the likely impact of many contextual features impacting both groups, such as local economic conditions. We explore a comprehensive list of health determinants to assess their relative importance and thus enable policy action to focus on those having the greatest impact. The mental component summary (MCS) of the short- form health survey (SF-12) was used to measure mental health. We compare mental health in the two populations and use multiple regression to determine the relative importance of the determinants in explaining mental health. The results show that OOMs experience better mental health than non-OOMs, in part due to the strong mental health of OOM women. Coping, stress and social interaction shape mental health in both groups, reflecting the broader determinants literature and suggesting these are important across many populations with different life circumstances. Other determinants are important for one group but not the other, underscoring the diversity of rural populations. For example, different social capital measures shape mental health in the two groups, and sense-of-place is associated with mental health in only one group (OOMs). The results are discussed in terms of their implications for future health determinants research and policy action to address rural mental health.

中国警察心理健康的研究进展及分析

警察在维护和保障社会治安中扮演重要角色,警察的心理健康不容忽视。基于文献计量学分析,对中国知网数据库1985—2023年间收录的有关中国警察心理健康的期刊文献进行可视化分析,对中国警察心理健康的研究热点进行了总体概述和微观探析。结果显示,中国警察的心理健康问题已得到学者们的高度重视和深入探究。一方面,研究对象与内容集中,重点突出。研究主要关注了公安民警、监狱警察等警种的心理健康问题,并注重从个体和环境两方面为其提供应对措施。另一方面,研究层次清晰,导向明显。目前,主要分为中国警察心理健康问题导向研究和中国警察心理健康对策导向研究。

促进人群压力缓解的绿色空间研究重要进展

为了使绿色空间更好地服务于公共健康,对促进人群压力缓解的绿色空间领域的研究文献进行归纳与分析。利用Citespace软件,对Web of Science和中国知网数据库中2002—2022年间关于绿色空间和压力缓解的文献进行可视化分析,梳理其研究热点与趋势。分析绿色空间类型与特征、人群属性及特征、研究方法及压力测度,归纳总结绿色空间促进人群压力缓解研究的进展,并从拓展与细化绿色空间研究、完善研究方法与体系、提升实验的科学性、增加对特殊人群的关注、促进多领域和多学科合作等5个方面提出未来进一步研究的展望。

运动促进心理健康的研究进展:基于方法的视角

目前,有关运动促进心理健康的研究仍方兴未艾。但学者们关注的主题、采用的范式和方法不尽一致,研究结论不确定、不一致甚至相互矛盾的现象也仍然存在。该综述旨在通过分析运动促进心理健康研究的现状和存在的问题,探讨这一研究领域的发展方向。既往有关运动促进心理健康的研究主要是行为学层面的分析,虽然研究者也试图揭示出运动促进心理健康的机理,但囿于研究方法和手段的限制,难于揭示出运动与心理健康间的因果关系。当下探讨运动促进心理健康的大脑神经机制的研究越来越多。这不仅助于厘清运动促进心理健康的脑机制,也可以促进行为学层面的相关研究。但运动促进心理健康的大脑神经机制研究也还面临着挑战。

网络成瘾原因研究新进展

目的探讨近年来国内外网络成瘾原因研究的新进展。方法采用文献分析的方法,对搜索到的2000余篇文献进行综合分析。结果网络成瘾概念的分歧较大,成瘾的原因较复杂,例如,网络本身特性、人格特征、不良认知、家庭、学校、社会等。解释模型主要有ACE模型、认知-行为模型、阶段模型、失补偿假说等。结论网络成瘾及相关问题是社会各界关注的一个热点问题,尽管许多研究仍有分歧,但都承认需要从生物、心理及社会等多方面对其进行分析。

Global aspirations, local realities: the role of social science research in controlling neglected tropical diseases

Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs)are both drivers and manifestations of poverty and social inequality.Increased advocacy efforts since the mid-2000s have led to ambitious new control and elimination targets set for 2020 by the World Health Organisation.While these global aspirations represent significant policy momentum,there are multifaceted challenges in controlling infectious diseases in resource-poor local contexts that need to be acknowledged,understood and engaged.However a number of recent publications have emphasised the“neglected”status of applied social science research on NTDs.In light of the 2020 targets,this paper explores the social science/NTD literature and unpacks some of the ways in which social inquiry can help support effective and sustainable interventions.Five priority areas are discussed,including on policy processes,health systems capacity,compliance and resistance to interventions,education and behaviour change,and community participation.The paper shows that despite the multifaceted value of having anthropological and sociological perspectives integrated into NTD programmes,contemporary efforts underutilise this potential.This is reflective of the dominance of top-down information flows and technocratic approaches in global health.To counter this tendency,social research needs to be more than an afterthought;integrating social inquiry into the planning,monitoring and evaluating process will help ensure that flexibility and adaptability to local realities are built into interventions.More emphasis on social science perspectives can also help link NTD control to broader social determinants of health,especially important given the major social and economic inequalities that continue to underpin transmission in endemic countries.

社会因素对心理健康的影响研究进展

国内外有关民族、文化、生活环境、社会支持、社会阶层、经济收入不均、社会资本等社会因素对心理健康影响的相关研究表明这些社会因素都与心理健康之间有明显关联,不同的社会因素对心理健康的影响程度各不相同。有关社区环境因素与心理健康之间的关系正成为国外社会流行病学的研究热点,国内这方面研究较少,值得深入探索。

近十年我国老年人心理健康研究的进展

本文梳理了近十年我国老年人心理健康研究成果。总结了研究工具、特殊老年人心理健康、老年人心理健康影响因素、心理健康的调适与干预等四个研究热点的进展情况,指出了研究存在的问题,以期为今后研究提供参考。

“中国精神健康和精神健康社会工作”研究专题--中国精神健康社会工作时代来临与实务性研究议题

2015年4月，国家卫计委等6部委颁布《关于开展全国精神卫生综合管理试点工作的通知》（国卫疾控发（2015）57号）文件，2015年成为中国精神健康社会工作元年，标志中国精神健康社会工作时代来临，具有划时代和里程性历史意义，标志中国人健康需要结构转型和卫生保健体系建设走向现代性，精神健康已成为全民性、普惠性和最高层次的健康需要。改革开放40年来，中国精神健康政策法规取得显著成就，初步形成中国特色精神健康政策法规体系框架，但是社会工作者却始终处于“边缘化”地位，未能充分发挥应有的专业作用。本文首次简要勾勒中国现代精神健康社会工作实务体系框架范围内容与优先领域，重点是构建中国精神健康社会工作实务研究议程，构建中国精神健康社会工作“实务问题清单目录”，指明精神健康社会工作发展方向，为健康中国和全面实现小康社会建设奠定社会工作基础。

医院卫生人力成本研究现状及存在的问题

本文从医院卫生人力成本的概念、研究的内容和研究的方法三个方面对医院卫生人力成本的现状进行了简要的介绍 。

国内园艺疗法研究进展

在阐述国内园艺疗法发展概况的基础上,全面总结回顾了国内在园艺疗法治疗功效方面的研究进展,进而从园艺疗法在规划设计项目中的应用探索和在已有建成项目中的改造探索等两个方面探究了国内在园艺疗法应用实践方面的进展。最后,从进一步推广概念认知、丰富植物种类、提升设计水平和扩大应用范围等4个方面提出今后需要重点推进的工作,期望能为我国园艺疗法的更好普及应用提供更为充分全面的借鉴。

网络成瘾诊疗研究新进展

采用文献分析的方法,对搜索到的2000余篇文献进行综合分析,探讨近年来国内外网络成瘾诊断、治疗的新进展。结果显示,网络成瘾概念的分歧较大,诊断标准与测量工具有待进一步完善,干预方法呈现行为、认知、家庭、团体辅导等综合运用的趋势。尽管许多研究仍有分歧,但都承认需要从生物、心理、社会等多方面对其进行分析。

近30年来国内视觉障碍人士心理健康研究进展

通过梳理分析近30年来国内视觉障碍人士心理健康研究成果,发现存在研究成果总量偏少,滞后于特殊教育发展进程,研究对象狭窄、偏向学龄儿童,研究方法专业化水平不高、实证类研究范式较传统,研究内容不均衡等突出问题。因此,应重视视障人士心理健康相关研究、提升研究成果实际价值,增强研究方法专业化水平、转型心理健康研究范式,拓宽视障人士研究对象,拓展心理健康研究主题。

近十年来我国社会比较研究进展

国外的社会比较研究开始于20世纪50年代,相比较而言,我国社会比较的研究起步较晚,尚处于开始阶段。虽然近十年来我国关于社会比较的理论探讨和应用研究日益增多,在自我结构、心理健康、教育和社会组织等领域都取得了新的进展,但整体来看我国社会比较的本土化研究较少,研究方法较单一,研究领域较小,所以我国社会比较研究应该走向视角的本土化、方法的多元化和领域的扩大化。

健康社会决定因素筛查工具的研究进展

健康是人们享受和追求美好生活的重要前提。除了导致疾病的生物因素,影响人口健康水平的主要因素还有社会经济与环境等健康的社会决定因素。在卫生医疗机构中,使用科学的健康社会决定因素筛查工具,可以让卫生保健人员评估患者的社会需求和风险因素,进而提供更优质的服务。因此,卫生保健人员有必要了解其筛查工具的研究进展。目前,在临床实践中针对单一或多个维度的健康社会决定因素筛查工具越来越多。以历史为背景介绍了在卫生保健领域运用的几种筛查工具。概述了筛查工具的研究现状,并总结了开发工具时常见的问题与挑战,包括决定筛查工具的组成要素、考虑评估负担以及条目内容的敏感性等。目前,开发或本土化修订适用于我国情景的筛查工具是亟需解决的问题。此外,工具开发后如何与电子信息技术整合,以及如何以最佳的方式将收集的信息运用到患者医疗照护中,同样值得进一步思考与探究。

基于公众心理健康视角的绿色空间研究与展望

增进公众心理健康与福祉是人类面临的重要公共卫生课题,以促进心理健康为目标的绿色空间规划设计是健康城市建设的关键。基于Web of Science(WoS)数据库核心合集的英文文献,从绿色空间对心理健康的影响因素、影响机制与测度方法3个方面,梳理绿色空间与公众心理健康关联性研究的进展。既有研究表明:绿色空间与心理健康之间存在多因素混合、多机制协同作用;绿地自身特征与暴露特征主要通过3种间接途径产生心理健康效益,并受到个人与社会因素的调节。考虑既有研究在指标阈值与因果权重中的争议,以及在学科融合、指标选取及数据获取与分析方面的局限,建议未来研究在加强跨领域学科融合、细化绿地属性特征、关注个体属性与行为、进行纵向与实验研究、引入智能新技术等方面予以完善。

家庭支持对老年人心理健康影响的研究进展

随着人口老龄化问题的日益突出,老年人心理健康问题成为社会热点话题。国内外学者也从多个层面对老年人心理健康与家庭支持进行了深入研究,尤其是探讨了二者之间的相关性。文章对诸多学者的研究内容进行系统的梳理和分析,以期对未来的相关研究提供新的思路和视角。