Social Equity： View from Pension System Unification

With the aging process, people been looked after properly in the old age has already become an important index to the national happiness index. Nowadays, government has a increasingly clear roadmap in promoting the development of pension system. Pension system unification refers to the same pension system for workers in public institutions and enterprises. It is a relative concept to the dual pension system. It has positive effect on social equity. But it also has many problems. In this article, author explained the relation between pension system unification and social equity on the basic of analyzing viewpoints of several scholars. And make comments by extending it and analyzing it.

Accessibility and Fairness of Public Service Facilities from the Perspective of Supply and Demand Coordination: A Case Study of Old Urban Area of Guangzhou City

The accessibility and fairness of public service facilities are important manifestations of the convenience and equality of urban public service resource allocation.Optimizing the layout of urban public service facilities is an inevitable requirement for promoting the construction of people centered cities.This paper takes the old urban area of Guangzhou as the research area,measures the accessibility of multiple types of public service facilities based on an improved two-step floating catchment method,and combines Palma Ratio and location quotient methods to explore the fairness of urban public service facilities from two dimensions:social equity and spatial equity,with supply and demand relationship analysis as the main line.Research has shown that:①there is a significant spatial difference in the accessibility of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou,and the comprehensive accessibility is generally higher in the central and southeastern regions of the old urban areas with fewer residential populations;②from the perspective of social equity,the resource allocation of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou is in a seriously unfair state(with a fairness index of 2.99),and there are also varying degrees of unfairness within the streets;③from the perspective of spatial equity,the location quotient of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou shows a pattern of multil center circles decreasing,indicating a significant spatial mismatch between the accessibility supply side of public service facilities and the demand side of the residential population.The research conclusion will provide scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of urban public service facilities and ensuring the equalization of public services.

Sustainable livelihood security in Odisha, India: A district level analysis

Sustainable livelihood security(SLS) is an integrating framework that encompasses current concerns and policy requirements for ecological, social, and economic dimensions of sustainable development. It carries particular importance for developing economies. This study intends to verify the relative status of SLS of the 30 districts in Odisha, which is a backward state in eastern India. In this study, a total of 22 relevant indicators relating to the three components of SLS—ecological security, social equity, and economic efficiency have been taken, based on various kinds of government reports. The principal component analysis(PCA) was used to ascertain the indicators and the importance of each of them to the corresponding component of SLS. The ecological security index(ESI), social equity index(SEI), economic efficiency index(EEI), and composite sustainable livelihood security index(CSLSI) of each district of Odisha were calculated through the min-max normalization technique. The results revealed that there are wide variations in SLS among the districts of Odisha. In this study, the districts are categorized into four levels based on the scores of ESI, SEI, EEI, and CSLSI as very low(<0.400), low(0.400–0.549), medium(0.550–0.700), and high(>0.700). According to the classification result of CSLSI, 2 districts are found to be in the very low category, 20 districts are under the low sustainability category, 8 districts are in the medium category, and none of the districts are found to be in the high sustainability category. The district of Sambalpur ranks the highest with a CSLSI score of 0.624. The bottom five districts are Gajapati, Bolangir, Nabarangpur, Kandhamal, and Malkangiri, having the CSLSI scores of 0.438, 0.435, 0.406, 0.391, and 0.344, respectively. The result of this study suggests that region-specific, systematic, and proactive approaches are desirable for balanced development in Odisha. Further, policy intervention is required to implement more inclusive tribal welfare policies.

The Marxist View of Equity:Basic Dimensions and Methodological Principles

In the wide ranging discussion of social equity issues, the theories of contemporary Western thinkers such as Rawls, Nozick, Hayek and MacIntyre are repeatedly cited and expounded. By contrast, for various reasons, classical writers like Marx and Engels have been overlooked or even forgotten. Without a concrete analysis of their historical background and context, it is hard to grasp the true attitude and spiritual essence of the views of Marx and Engels on social equity. We might even conclude not only that they had no theory of social equity but that they opposed and rejected approaching questions from this angle. As a world view and methodology enabling the proletariat to know and transform the world and liberate themselves and mankind, Marxism is a theory that unites truth and value. A rational understanding of the issue of equity as an expression of value is only possible when the dimensions of science and value are dialectically combined. On the one hand, equity is a value concept that functions as a standard for evaluation; on the other, it refers to an actual state of values distribution (including interests, opportunities and rights) that inevitably involves the contradiction between freedom and equality and between formal and substantive equity, the difference between the general and the specific, the conflict between equality and efficiency, the opposition between equity and inequity and so on. Only a dialectical mode of thinking can ensure a correct understanding of the complexity of social equity issues.View full textDownload full text

Survey on Perceptions of Social Fairness and Their Implications for Social Governance Innovation

At the present stage,social fairness or equity is an important area of governance in China,and increasing the level of fairness is an important theme of work.In 2016,the Chinese government laid down specific arrangements and operations relating to equity in education,social security,market competition,etc.The participatory governance model entails testing policy outcomes in relation to the sense of fairness of the mass of the people.Our survey found that perceptions of fairness are higher among middle-and high-income groups and are lower in the eastern region than in the central and western regions.In social security,however,perceptions of fairness and of improvements in the level of fairness are lower than they are for education and market competition.Overall,specific policies relating to fairness in education have been quite effective in enhancing people＇s perceptions of fairness.Accordingly,if we are to make effective improvements in the fairness of social governance,we need a more rational distribution system that takes into account public opinion and expands the scope of fairness in social security.

Just us

Introduction:A thorough understanding of ecology is a necessity as the Earth becomes crowded,there is more intense resource use and exhaustion,and the exposure to pollutants has diversified.Outcomes:Everyone must be involved as we develop the moral compass and maps for a desirable world.The transition will be made within the context of complex social forces,which must be engaged in purposeful collaboration and action.All individuals have the embryonic need and possess diverse abilities to contribute to the transcendence of problems arising from the human response to social inequities.Discussion:These will be difficult and nuanced transitions.One example is the Balinese water distribution system,whose site-specific adjustments developed over thousands of years.Examples from country-to-country comparisons show that Eco-civilizations,to be'civil',must be fair,inclusive,and joyful,and more than about misleading metrics like Gross Domestic Product,individuality,material accumulations and competition.Conclusion:We are in this together;it is not'them or us'-it is only'Us'.