Social Exclusion Moved Horizon Elderly Social Integration Research

Social Exclusion in the 1990s is emerging social theory in Europe, mainly for research on poverty and social inequality, social exclusion theory unequal distribution of social welfare resources members regarded as some members of society by society rejection phenomenon. Social exclusion is not conducive to social stability, but also contrary to the principles of social justice. System design of social security system, and moved to the old man＇s identity decided they were excluded from the system, therefore, how to eliminate the exclusion, achieve equitable social security has become a very real problem.

Getting out of town and social exclusion：How to resolve the ＂old drifts＂ pension embarrassment

The ＂Old drifts＂ faces the problem of old-age pension under the double background of leaving the country and relocatingfrom the place of migration. And with the increase in the number of ＂old drifting families.＂ the situation continues to grow. Through the analysis of the personal reasons and social system reasons of the＂ Old Floating Clan＂ pension gurus, the author proposes that the ＂Old Clan＂ old-age pension will be effective by realizing the economic foundation, actively re-socializing, promoting social co-ordination, introducing additional insurance types, and participating in multiple subjects, way, In order to protect the ＂old drift＂ off-farm elderly rights and interests.

Vulnerability of Chinese rural-to-urban migrants to social exclusion:Spatial pattern and mechanism

In response to China’s new“people-oriented urbanization”strategy,investigating the current integration situation of rural-to-urban migrants(RUMs)in cities is essential.However,existing studies have not focused on their subjective willingness and adaptive capacity.Moreover,the mechanism of RUMs’urban integration has not been fully explored.The conceptual framework of vulnerability,which originated from the discipline of natural hazards,is perfectly constructive to address these drawbacks.It consists of three main components,including exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity.Vulnerability index has been constructed and calculated by combining the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and Delphi method.The spatial pattern of vulnerability level is also analyzed with geographic information system(GIS).Furthermore,the underlying mechanism of vulnerability and its associated factors are investigated with the principle component regression.Three major conclusions are reached.First,the vulnerability level of the RUMs to social exclusion presents a heterogeneous pattern between inland and coastal cities in Shandong Province.Second,while the exposure and sensitivity level of each city correlate spatially with the vulnerability level,RUMs’adaptive capacity further moderates it.Lastly,the level of urban development is revealed to be a key factor influencing vulnerability.This study offers meaningful references to promote inclusive urbanization and sustainable urban development.

30 years of the transformation of non-urban public transport in Poland's peripheral areas – what went wrong?

Transport-based social exclusion is currently a serious social problem in Poland,and one which is apparently most severe at the level of the county(Polish powiat)in the south-eastof the country,including the Beskid Niski and Bieszczady Mountains.A deeper illustration of this problem requires both observation of changes in the suburban public-transport network and the identification of areas in which this has deteriorated significantly in quantity and quality.The chosen starting point for the research was therefore 1990,as a year in which–on the one hand–the Polish economy was already shifted to the new free-market principles;while–on the other–state PKS(Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Samochodowej)non-urban bus transport enterprises still dominated public transport.The endpoint of the study is then the beginning of 2019(the author's research year).The article introduced here seeks to identify and present cartographically the changes affecting the public-transport network in the study area over the last 30 years,as well as to point to possible consequences of these processes.The background of the described changes is also discussed,as are the observed consequences of what is taking place.

An Empirical Research of Ethical Banking in Turkey

Ethical banks can be defined as financial institutions providing both social and economic profitability for the society and environment. Placement of assets and avoiding social exclusion are significant factors that differentiate ethical banks and the rest of financial intermediaries. Ethical banking is a new concept in Turkey. This paper analyzes the situation of ethical banking by examining the significant differences in lending behaviors of 49 Turkish banks in terms of their functions and ownership structures. We conducted non-parametric tests of Kruskal Wallis, Jonckheere-Terpstra, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Wald-Wolfowitz. We found that in terms of ownership structure, state-owned banks are more ethical than private banks when the placement of assets and avoiding social exclusion factors are considered. In terms of function, participation banks locate their funds to social value generating sectors more ethically than deposit and development banks. From the avoiding exclusion aspect, deposit banks are more ethical than other functional banking groups （i.e., participation and development banks）.

Eugenics and the Exclusion of Marginalized Groups in the U.S.in the Early 20th Century

Eugenics was a discipline founded by the British scholar Galton in 1883 to improve the genetic quality of human beings.When eugenics was introduced to the United States in the early 20th century,it quickly developed into an influential eugenics movement that pointed in new directions to solve the social problems of the United States at that time.In American eugenics movement,eugenicists used family studies to construct the marginalized groups such as the mentally retarded,the poor,and criminals into"hereditary defectives"that would lead to the degradation of the American race.At the same time,they used intelligence tests to demonstrate the"Superiority of the Nordic Race"and to belittle other races,thereby highlighting the dangers of racial mixing.These eugenics discourses provided a plausible justification for segregation,sterilization,and marriage restrictions against marginalized groups in the United States and a"scientific"cloak for restrictive immigration policies,serving as an essential tool for exclusionists to gain support from policymakers and the public.

Public transport inclusion and active aging: A systematic review on elderly mobility

Global aging has brought attention to addressing the elderly mobility dilemma,and a commitment to address inclusive transport in aging.Transport inclusion for older adults aims at establishing an age-friendly transport system.As a direct policy goal and promoting active aging as an indirect social goal,to help older populations gain access to transport and social opportunities.Based on the analysis of scientific knowledge mapping over the past 30 years,this study visualizes the hotspots and trends in elderly mobility research.Through a qualitative analysis of 138 papers,this paper reviews the theoretical foundations for transport inclusion and three themes of elderly mobility research,proposes a framework for public transport(PT)inclusion research as well as future research directions.The study suggests that transport inclusion can help enhance elderly health,social participation,and subjective well-being.It can improve their travel opportunities for active aging in four ways:opportunity accessibility,physical accessibility,age-friendly informationalization,and cost affordability.Future research should pay attention to examining the mechanism of perceived transport inclusion on active aging,expanding the multilevel research space of the capability approach(CA),and exploring the subjectiveobjective integrated research model for PT inclusion.This research contributes to the overall knowledge of the theoretical and empirical researches on PT inclusion for the elderly and promotes the integrated application of interdisciplinary knowledge in the field.

A Comparative Study of Older People with Disability in Two World Cities： The Pursuit of an Inclusive Community

This study aims to understand the life circumstances and social exclusion experienced by disabled older adults in urban Shanghai and Hong Kong. It also explores the relationship between social exclusion and quality of life. The researcher collected questionnaire data in one Shanghai and one comparable Hong Kong community. The survey included 460 older adults from a community in Shanghai and 250 older adults from a community in Hong Kong. The Shanghai sampling was stratified while the Hong Kong samphng was multi-step random sampling. Both processes are representative. Functional capacity and disability had a significant relationship with the quality of life of older adults. This implies that the social environment is not inclusive for disabled older adults in many ways. Neighborhood exclusion stood out as the most significant form of social exclusion. Although disability is more and more commonly understood as an element of human diversity, the disabled are still not fully functional in society. There are still many environmental barriers and social conditions that need to be improved to achieve community inclusion. Suggestions for how to achieve an inclusive society for all and especially for the disabled elderly are discussed.