Transcending Labor Relations:A Study on the Mechanisms for Protecting Social Insurance Rights and Interests of Workers in New Business Forms——An Empirical Analysis Based on Judicial Cases

Abstract:With the rise of new business forms,the traditional industrial-era model of binding social insurance to labor relations is facing unprecedented challenges.In the context of these new busi-ness forms,whether the protection of workers’social insurance rights and interests can be“decoupled from labor relations”has become a hotly debated topic in academia,with“the ability to establish labor relations”emerging as a key variable influencing government depart-ments’policy choices on classified social insurance coverage.Based on this,the paper constructs a theoretical model of the correlation be-tween social insurance and labor relations to analyze cases concern-ing the protection of social insurance rights and interests of workers in new business forms.It examines the advantages and disadvantages of binding social insurance to labor relations and suggests promoting so-cial insurance policy innovation by transcending labor relations.The paper advocates abandoning the path dependency that starts with la-bor relations and clarifying the theoretical basis that workers’access to social insurance rights should be based on labor rather than em-ployment.To adapt to the profit model of new business forms,it pro-poses establishing a rule of“proportional responsibility for commis-sions,”where the social insurance contribution base is determined by the proportion and amount of corporate commissions.By reasonably setting rates,it will protect the healthy development of new business forms in a balanced manner.In this way,enterprises can share social insurance responsibilities according to unified rules without worrying about being classified as having a labor relationship,which helps fully protect workers’social insurance rights and interests and promotes fair competition and healthy development among enterprises.

Quantifying social vulnerability for flood disasters of insurance company

Social vulnerability assessments are largely ignored when compared with biophysical vulnerability assessments. This is mainly due to the fact that there are more difficulties in quantifying them. Aiming at several pitfalls still existing in the Hoovering approach which is widely accepted, a suitable modified model is provided. In this modified model, the integrated vulnerability is made an analogy to the elasticity coefficient of a spring, and an objective evaluation criterion is established. With the evaluation criterion, the assessment indicators of social vulnerability are filtered and their weight assignments are accomplished. There is an application in the city of Changsha where floods occur often. With the relative data from the PICC Hunan Province Branch, a generalized regression neural network model is established in Matlab 7.0 and used to evaluate a company's flood social vulnerability index (SoVI). The results show that the average flood social vulnerability in Yuhua district is the highest, while Yuelu district is the lowest. It is good for disaster risk management and decision-making of insurance companies.

Sensitivity of Personal Account Accumulated Value of New Rural Social Pension Insurance to Variation of Uncertainties

The personal account of new rural social pension insurance raises funds in the form of individual premium-paying,collectively pooled subsidy and government subsidy.The personal account accumulated value has a decisive influence on the payment level of personal account pension.The personal account accumulated value has a direct or indirect relationship with the income level of farmers,premium-paying level,the insured period,investment return rate of funds and other factors.Analysing the impact of infinitesimal variation of these factors on accumulated value of personal account pension,is of great significance to improving and consolidating personal account,and achieving sustainable development of new rural social pension insurance.

Optimization of Actuarial Model for Individual Account of Rural Social Pension Insurance

This paper firstly analyzes different payment methods of individual account and the pension replacement rate under the pension payment method.Results show that it will be more scientific and reasonable for the individual account of new rural social pension insurance to adopt the actuarial model of payment according to proportion of income and periodic prestation at variable amount.The Guiding Opinions on New Rural Social Pension Insurance sets forth individual account should be paid at fixed amount,and the insured voluntarily selects payment level as per criteria set by the State.The monthly calculation and distribution amount of pension is the total amount of individual account divided by139.Therefore,it should start from continuation of policies and make adjustment of payment level in accordance with growth of per capita net income of rural residents.When condition permits,it is expected to realize transition to payment as per income proportion and periodic prestation at variable amount.

An Empirical Study on the Effects of Social Endowment Insurance Reform in China

In recent years,China,the world’s largest population country,has also become an aging society.Social endowment insurance is not only a major source of income after retirement but also plays a major role in social stability.In 2005,large-scale social endowment insurance reform was conducted in China.Through this reform,the social endowment insurance became unified and normalized,and the participation of the social endowment insurance was obligated for an employee.In addition,the government has issued various welfare policies so that the unemployed,free job and rural residents can join social endowment insurance.Then,this paper analyzes the effect of the reform of China social endowment insurance on the amount of Insurance premium of social endowment insurance and the distribution of family expenditure by using the DID model and the fixed effect model.

The Empirical Study of Social Insurance for Migrant Workers

The social insurance problem of migrant workers is one of the main social problems that need to be solved in the city modernization and industrialization construction in China. The outstanding reflections are that attaching less importance to social insurance system, too high insurance fee and not perfect security system and other phenomena. This paper focuses on the empirical study and analysis of this type of problems, in order to put forward the feasible solution of social insurance for migrant workers. The migrant workers generally refer to the labor workers of household registration as farmers working in towns for non-agricultural occupation. At present, China＇ s migrant workers has exceeded 2.6 billion, and this group has been long in the city and rural edge, difficult to get the social insurance policy. According to the National Bureau statistics data, the migrant workers of not buying industrial injury insurance, endowment insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance are respectively 67.64%, 73.37%, 73.77% and 84.65%. In order to guarantee the interests of vulnerable groups in the marginalized position, the social insurance problems of migrant workers have become the our focus.

Based on the human capital perspective to explore the social insurance premium is influence on the behavior of enterprises to participate in social insurance

To participate in social insurance is a major social responsibility of enterprises, even it is a mandatory social policy, companies still escaped pay society insurance. The serious consequences of this phenomenon become increasingly prominent.it not only damaged the justice of labor market, but also violated the staffs interest. Various factors influence enterprise to participate in social insurance behavior .Human capital is the impact of insurance companies. This paper is mainly focusing on the theory analysis of different human capital participating behavior of enterprises. From the perspective of human capital, using the cost-benefit theory and rational choice theory in economics to explore participating behavior, enterprise employees of different human capital differences in attitude to attend social insurance. No matter enterprises with higher or lower human capital, enterprises and employees choose to participate in social insurance act consistently. But, it can improve participate of low human capital enterprise behavior when payment rate reduced. So, it is suggested that establishing a lower level of social insurance system is helpful to expand coverage, it can through e^tahllgh the sunnlementarv insurance system meet the needs of more people.

A Dimension of Right in Analysing and Re-structuring Social Insurance in China

The right to social insurance has been largely recognized by various laws and treaties. However, such an issue in terms of its theoretical construction and systemic orientation, as well as criticism, guiding principles and control of the institutional reform of the social insurance system has yet to be adequately addressed from the perspective of human rights in this country. The paper addresses the dimension of rights by analysing this issue from both dimensions of human rights and people’s livelihoods. The author analyses the relationship between social insurance and the right to property, right to liberty and right to work, and argues for institutional improvement and reform of the social insurance system in this country.

Research on Social Medical Insurance of College Students in Shenyang

Objective To discuss the methods of improving the social insurance of college students by taking the application of college students’social insurance in Shenyang as an example.Methods The investigation and literature method were applied mainly.Results and Conclusion Through the questionnaire,the main problems for college students’medical insurance were analyzed in this paper,and proposals such as compulsory insurance,improving the level of medical services in colleges and hospitals,and strengthening commercial insurance and publicity were finally put forward.

Comparative Analysis on Policy Realization of Old and New Rural Social Endowment Insurance System

Based on the perspective of"political potential"and"incentive mechanism",this paper compares the different effects of the old rural social endowment insurance system and the new rural social endowment insurance system,so as to explain the policy realization degree of the old and new rural social endowment insurance system.According to the analysis,the new rural social endowment insurance system has greatly improved the implementation of policies,the implementation of policies,the overall planning ability between departments,and the enthusiasm of individual farmers to participate in the insurance.Compared with the old rural social endowment insurance system,the policy realization ability of the new rural social endowment insurance system has been significantly enhanced,and the effect of the policy realization has been significantly improved.

Health insurance and social capital inGhana: a cluster randomised controlled trial

Background:The National Health Insurance Scheme(NHIS)was introduced in Ghana in 2003,enrolment is still far from the desired target of universal coverage.Low community engagement in the design and management of the system was identified as one of the main barriers.The aim of the current study was to explore the role of social capital in NHIS enrolment in two regions of Ghana,Western and Greater Accra.Methods:The study involved a cluster-randomised controlled trial of 3246 clients of 64 healthcare facilities who completed both a baseline and a follow-up survey.Thirty-two facilities were randomly selected to receive two types of intervention.The remaining facilities served as control.The interventions were co-designed with stakeholders.Baseline and follow up surveys included measures of different types of social capital,as well as enrolment in the health insurance scheme.Results:The study found that the interventions encouraged NHIS enrolment(from 40.29 to 49.39%(intervention group)versus 36.49 to 36.75%(control group)).Secondly,certain types of social capital are associated with increased enrolment(log-odds ratios(p-values)of three types of vertical social capital are 0.127(<0.01),0.0952(<0.1)and 0.15(<0.01)).Effectiveness of the interventions was found dependent on initial levels of social capital:respondents with lowest measured level of interpersonal trust in the intervention group were about 25%more likely to be insured than similar respondents in the control group.Among highly trusting respondents this difference was insignificant.There was however no evidence that the interventions effect social capital.Limitations of the study are discussed.Conclusion:We showed that the interventions helped to increase enrolment but that the positive effect was not realized by changes in social capital that we hypothesised based on result of the first phase of our study.Future research should aim to identify other community factors that are part of the enrolment process,whether other interventions to improve the quality of services could help to increase enrolment and,as a result,could provide community benefits in terms of social capital.Our findings can guide the NHIS in Ghana and other health organizations to enhance enrolment.Trial registration:Ethical Clearance by Ghana Health Service Ethical Committee No.GHS-ERC 08.5.11.

Determinants of self-rated private health insurance coverage in Jamaica

The purpose of the current study was to model the health insurance coverage of Jamaicans;and to identify the determinants, strength and predictive power of the model in order to aid clinicians and other health practitioners in understanding those who have health insurance coverage. This study utilized secondary data taken from the dataset of the Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions which was collected between July and October 2002. It was a nationally representative stratified random sample survey of 25,018 respondents, with 50.7% females and 49.3% males. The data was collected by way of a self-administered questionnaire. The non-response rate for the survey was 29.7% with 20.5% not responding to particular questions, 9.0% not participating in the survey and another 0.2% being rejected due to data cleaning. The current research extracted 16,118 people 15 years and older from the survey sample of 25,018 respondents in order to model the determinants of private health insurance coverage in Jamaica. Data were stored, retrieved and analyzed using SPSS for Windows 15.0. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to establish statistical significance. Descriptive analysis was used to provide baseline information on the sample, and cross-tabulations were used to examine some non-metric variables. Logistic regression was used to identify, determine and establish those factors that influence private health insurance coverage in Jamaica. This study found that approximately 12% of Jamaicans had private health insurance coverage, of which the least health insurance was owned by rural residents (7.5%). Using logistic regression, the findings revealed that twelve variables emerged as statistically significant determinants of health insurance coverage in this sample. These variables are social standing (two weal- thiest quintile: OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.23 – 2.30), income (OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 1.00 – 1.00), durable goods (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.12 – 1.19), marital status (married: OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.61 – 2.42), area of residence (Peri-urban: OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.199 – 1.75;urban: OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.40 – 2.40), education (secondary: OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.20 – 2.06;tertiary: OR = 9.03, 95% CI = 6.47 – 12.59), social support (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.53 – 0.76), crowding (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02 – 1.28), psychological conditions (negative affective: OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94 – 1.00;positive affective: OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.06 – 1.16), number of males in household (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77 – 0.93), living arrangements (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41 – 0.92) and retirement benefits (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.03 – 2.35). This study highlighted the need to address preventative care for the wealthiest, rural residents and the fact that social support is crucial to health care, as well as the fact that medical care costs are borne by the extended family and other social groups in which the individual is (or was) a member, which explains the low demand for health insurance in Jamaica. Private health care in Jamaica is substantially determined by affordability and education rather than illness, and it is a poor measure of the health care- seeking behaviour of Jamaicans.

Research on the moderation of endowment insurance in Shanghai

Old-age insurance is related to the quality of life of the elderly population in a country or region after retirement, the impact of economic crisis and the aggravation of the population aging crisis, so that the appropriateness of the level of old-age insurance has been paid more and more attention by the society. At present, the academic research on the appropriate level of endowment insurance is still at an exploratory stage. Most scholars mainly study the endowment insurance from the qualitative point of view, but lack quantitative analysis of the level of endowment insurance. Pension expenditure must be in line with the level of national productivity development and various aspects of affordability. Shanghai is the fastest growing city in China and the earliest city in China to enter an aging society. It is of typical significance to study the appropriateness of the endowment insurance level in Shanghai.

The study of basic medical insurance system for urban residents in China

The basic medical insurance system for urban residents is an important part of China＇s social security system.This article analyzes the problems which existing in the basic medical insurance system for urban residents and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures.

Assessing the feasibility and appropriateness of introducing a national health insurance scheme in Malawi

Background:In May 2015 the Malawian Ministry of Health(MOH)contacted the German Development Cooperation to seek technical assistance from the P4H Network for Social Health Protection for an“Assessment of the appropriateness and feasibility of National Health Insurance in Malawi”against two alternative options:continuing with a tax(and donor)-funded National Health Service,and introducing a purchaser-provider split without a revenue collection function.Methods:A health financing benchmarking matrix was agreed with MOH,with six domains corresponding to six objectives:revenue mobilisation,technical efficiency,equity,financial risk protection,policy coordination,and health outcomes.The assessment comprised key informant interviews with Malawian stakeholders,a review of the relevant literature and datasets,rapid assessments of the Malawi Revenue Authority(MRA)and the Unified Beneficiary Registry(UBR),and projections of the National Health Insurance Scheme’s(NHIS)revenue collection costs and benefits.Results:A key finding was that introducing NHIS in Malawi would increase revenues for health,but these would come predominantly from the formal sector and would be unlikely to cover the health sector funding gap.The performance of existing poverty identification and targeting mechanisms was not commensurate with the requirements of a NHIS.Incentives to enrol in NHI are insufficient to reach scale unless service fees be introduced,which would negatively affect equity and financial risk protection.The assessment identified the Purchaser Scenario as the most favourable reform model.Conclusions:As ever more countries look towards implementing National Health Insurance,the proposed assessment framework can provide an orientation for evidence-based policy making in the area of health financing.

An Analysis of Social Security Coverage from the Perspective of Employment Structure: A Case Study of Basic Pension Insurance for Employees of Urban Enterprises

Since the 1990s,China has made great progress in developing its social security system,achieving the goal of universal coverage for various segments of the population.Nevertheless,it is urgent to improve the quality of coverage,specifically in tackling the problems of inadequate participation and reduced contribution levels in the private sector.This paper examines the changes in social security coverage over the past three decades,focusing on the basic pension insurance for employees of urban enterprises and analyzing it in terms of employment structure.A regression analysis of provincial panel data from 2001 to 2019 indicates a negative correlation between the adequacy rate of social security contributions and the number of employees in private entities and self-employed individuals.Additionally,an empirical analysis using micro-level data from enterprises further confirms lower contribution levels in private enterprises.In light of the present circumstances,it is important to focus on private enterprises,flexible workers,and self-employed individuals as key target groups for expanding social security coverage.Consequently,reforming the social security system should proactively adapt to the requirements of emerging employment formats,striving to achieve comprehensive coverage and enhance the quality of participation across various groups of people.

Budget Performance Management of the Social Insurance Fund from the Perspective of Inclusive Sharing

The funding and payout system of social insurance has a significant impact on both the welfare of individuals and the national governance.Budget performance management can optimize fiscal resource allocation and enhance the quality of public services.The inclusion of the social insurance fund budget in the national budget in 2013 as one of China's"four budgets"underscores the public value orientation it represents and shapes.The main challenge in enhancing the social insurance fund budget system lies in balancing the insurance attribute and the welfare attribute of social insurance,using an inclusive approach to achieve actuarial balance and budget balance,address potential imbalances,forecast and prevent future risks,and alleviate operational pressures.In the future,it is vital to raise the level of budget performance management for social insurance fund through scientific and reasonable performance evaluations,promote high-quality and sustainable development of China's social security programs,and realize shared development in the new phase of Chinese modernization.

Theory,Demonstration and Methods: Research on Social Security of Migrant Workers by Domestic Scholar

Social security of migrant workers has been significant in dissolving social contradictions and achieving the economic and social development in China during the transitional period. The researches of domestic scholar on social security of migrant workers can be classified into three categories. Firstly, theoretical analysis on social security of migrant workers, including researches on the appeal of social security and misunderstanding of recognition, theory-construction of rural worker social security, policy defects and equity construction in social security system of migrant workers. Secondly, real studies on social security of migrant workers, including researches on sequence of demand and influencing factors of social security of migrant workers as well as intrinsic motivation forming the perspective on social security. Lastly, road exploration of establishing social security system, including researches on the multi-level development of rural worker social security system, comparison of "Double-low method", "Guangdong Method" and "Shanghai Method" of the social security of migrant workers in Zhejiang Province and establishing multi-level social security system according to the hierarchy after the internal differentiation.

China's Migrant Workers' Social Security

Based on the definition of migrant workers and migrant workers'social security,systems,policies and regulations and status quo of specific safeguard project of social security have been analyzed.Authors draw following conclusions:China's social security systems of migrant workers show diversification and differentiation trend;national-level policies take on diversification and local-level regulations take on differentiation;social welfare and social assistance have deficiency;coverage rate of social insurance items is extremely low.

Research on the Renewal Strategy of Social Space for the Elderly in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Multi Generations:Take a University in the North as an Example

Under the background of population aging,while the living environment of the elderly is improved,it is necessary to pay attention to their spiritual needs and build an elderly-friendly and livable social environment.In this paper,through field investigation and research on social behavior and space,the social behavior and needs of the elderly in a university in the north were analyzed,and based on the social characteristics and psychological needs of the elderly and students in the university,the construction of a dynamic space with multi-generational shared space as the core was proposed to develop a social platform that integrates virtual and reality,so as to provide reference for the updating of social space in college communities in the future.