Social rank and cortisol among female rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta)

In animal societies,some stressful events can lead to higher levels of physiological stress.Such stressors,like social rank,also predict an increased vulnerability to an array of diseases.However,the physiological relationship between social rank and stress varies between different species,as well as within groups of a single species.For example,dominant individuals are more socially stressed at times,while at other times it is the subordinate ones who experience this stress.Together,these variations make it difficult to assess disease vulnerability as connected to social interactions.In order to learn more about how physiological rank relationships vary between groups of a single species,cortisol measurements from hair samples were used to evaluate the effects of dominance rank on long-term stress levels in despotic and less stringent female rhesus macaque hierarchal groups.In despotic groups,cortisol levels were found not to be correlated with social rank,but a negative correlation was found between social rank and cortisol levels in less stringent hierarchies.Low ranking monkeys in less stringent groups secreted elevated levels of cortisol compared to higher ranking animals.These data suggest that variations in the strictness of the dominance hierarchy are determining factors in rank related stress physiology.The further consideration of nonhuman primate social system diversity and the linear degree of their hierarchies may allow for the development of valid rank-related stress models that will help increase our understanding and guide the development of new therapeutics for diseases related to human socioeconomic status.

Social rank and cortisol among female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

In animal societies, some stressful events can lead to higher levels of physiological stress. Such stressors, like social rank, also predict an increased vulnerability to an array of diseases. However, the physiological relationship between social rank and stress varies between different species, as well as within groups of a single species. For example, dominant individuals are more socially stressed at times, while at other times it is the subordinate ones who experience this stress. Together, these variations make it difficult to assess disease vulnerability as connected to social interactions. In order to learn more about how physiological rank relationships vary between groups of a single species, cortisol measurements from hair samples were used to evaluate the effects of dominance rank on long-term stress levels in despotic and less stringent female rhesus macaque hierarchal groups. In despotic groups, cortisol levels were found not to be correlated with social rank, but a negative correlation was found between social rank and cortisol levels in less stringent hierarchies. Low ranking monkeys in less stringent groups secreted elevated levels of cortisol compared to higher ranking animals. These data suggest that variations in the strictness of the dominance hierarchy are determining factors in rank related stress physiology. The further consideration of nonhuman primate social system diversity and the linear degree of their hierarchies may allow for the development of valid rank-related stress models that will help increase our understanding and guide the development of new therapeutics for diseases related to human socioeconomic status.

Effect of Social Rank on Well-Being and Space Utilization of Dry Sows Kept in a Free Access Stall-Pen Housing Environment

The primary objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of social rank on the well-being of gestating sows housed in a free access stall-pen housing environment. At d 30 post-breeding, 32 multiparous crossbred sows in groups of 4 were allocated to a stall-pen housing environment. Blood samples were taken at gestational d 30 (before mixing) and d 31 (24-h post-mixing), and then again at d 89 and 110;whereas, sow behavior was recorded at gestational d 30, 66, 87, and 102. Social rank was determined based on aggressive encounters, dyadic fighting wins and losses, and displacements between sows by 48-h post-mixing. At d 31 (post-mixing), regardless of social rank, total WBC decreased and, lymphocyte counts increased, but % change was more significant among the subordinates than dominants. The same trend occurred with neutrophil chemotaxis increased more in subordinates, but ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation increased more in dominants, whereas LPS-induced lymphocyte proliferation was reduced among dominants. Sow behavior was differentially affected by social rank and time-periods or gestational day, with subordinates spending more time sitting and drinking, especially during time-periods 1, 3, and 4. Dominants displayed more oral-nasal-facial behaviors during mid-gestation but more sham-chew during time-period 2, which included feeding time. Social rank also influenced the percentage of time sows spent in either the stall or pen area, with subordinates in stalls and dominants in pen. These data imply that social rank differentially influences physiology and behavior of dry sows housed in a free access stall-pen environment. More specifically, the location of the dominant sow, time of day, and activity may influence when and where the subordinates spend their time within this housing system.

Exploiting Geo-Social Correlations to Improve Pairwise Ranking for Point-of-Interest Recommendation

Recently, as location-based social network(LBSN) rapidly grow, point-of-interest(POI) recommendation has become an important way to help people locate interesting places. Nowadays, there have been deep studies conducted on the geographical and social influence in the point-of-interest recommendation model based on the rating prediction. The fact is, however, relying solely on the rating fails to reflect the user's preferences very accurately, because the users are most concerned with the list of ranked point-of-interests(POIs) on the actual output of recommender systems. In this paper, we propose a co-pairwise ranking model called Geo-Social Bayesian Personalized Ranking model(GSBPR), which is based on the pairwise ranking with the exploiting geo-social correlations by incorporating the method of ranking learning into the process of POI recommendation. In this model, we develop a novel BPR pairwise ranking assumption by injecting users' geo-social preference. Based on this assumption, the POI recommendation model is reformulated by a three-level joint pairwise ranking model. And the experimental results based on real datasets show that the proposed method in this paper enjoys better recommendation performance compared to other state-of-the-art POI recommendation models.

野生藏酋猴的体重及其影响因素

体重是体现灵长类动物生活史和生长发育特征的重要指标,可反映其生理状况、行为变化和生态适应等信息。本研究以安徽黄山野生猴谷YA1群的48只藏酋猴为对象,使用地磅秤对群内个体进行连续11个月(2022年7月至2023年5月)的体重监测。研究结果显示,雄性藏酋猴的平均体重为(18.71±2.33)kg,显著高于雌性(11.79±1.97)kg。未成年雄性藏酋猴体重的快速发育期为3~5岁,雌性为2~3岁。成年雌雄体重与个体社会等级间均存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.001)。成年藏酋猴体重存在显著的季节变化(P<0.05),雌雄个体体重均在秋季最高,但是雄性个体在冬季最低,雌性个体春季最低。未怀孕个体体重在不同季节无显著性差异,而怀孕个体的体重从冬季到春季显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究表明,藏酋猴的体重具有显著的雌雄性二型现象,未成年雌雄个体体重的快速发育期存在明显分化,季节和社会等级对藏酋猴体重均具有显著影响。

TLRank:一种新的社会化协同排序推荐算法

已有的社会化协同排序推荐算法的研究只是简单地融入用户的社交网络信息,没有考虑用户之间社会化信任网络的传递性;同时,该推荐算法的性能面临数据高度稀疏性问题的挑战.为了进一步解决这些问题,在传统的协同排序推荐算法(ListRank,List-wise Learning to Rank)和最新的社会化协同过滤算法(TrustMF,Social Collaborative Filtering by Trust)的基础上,提出了一种新的社会化协同排序推荐算法(TLRank),融合均高度稀疏的用户的显式评分数据和社会化信任网络数据,以进一步增强协同排序推荐算法的性能.实验结果表明:在各个评价指标下,TLRank算法的性能均优于几个经典的协同排序推荐算法,且复杂度低、运算时间与评分点个数线性相关;TLRank算法的推荐精度高、可扩展性好,适合处理大数据,可广泛运用于互联网信息推荐领域.

多维要素流视角下成渝城市群空间结构特征研究

随着交通、通讯设施的日益完善与经济的快速发展,城市间各类要素流动更为频繁并形成城市网络,促进城市动态“流”数据的分析成为区域空间结构研究新范式。相比单一要素流,多维要素流可以从更加综合的视角刻画城市群内部网络联系,识别城市群空间结构特征。本文通过集成百度迁徙、快递物流线路、百度指数、企业总部—分支、科技论文合作等多元地理流数据建立成渝城市群人流、物流、信息流、资金流、技术流及综合流网络,借助社会网络分析方法识别网络节点特征并结合位序—规模法则评估城市体系规模结构,利用核密度分析法识别多维要素流动主要廊道,结合优势流和DBSCAN聚类分析成渝城市群空间组团特征。结果表明:第一,在多维要素流网络中,各节点层级分化明显,成都市、重庆市是成渝城市群的两大核心,对多维要素流的集聚扩散能力突出,而其他城市普遍发育不足。第二,重庆市—成都市关联区间联系强度最高,成都市、重庆市与14个地级市组成的关联区间次之,14个地级市之间组成的关联区间最低,成渝发展主轴、成德绵乐城市带是要素流动的主要廊道。第三,在优势流约束下,成渝城市群内部形成成都—德阳—眉山、重庆—广安、南充—遂宁、内江—自贡—宜宾—泸州、乐山—雅安共5个空间聚类,其中南充—遂宁、内江—自贡—宜宾—泸州具备培育都市圈的潜力。结合本文分析结果和现有规划,建议将多维要素流网络中心度相对较高的绵阳、南充、宜宾作为次级中心城市培育,在重点发展成都都市圈、重庆都市圈的同时着力培育南充—遂宁、内自宜泸两大都市圈,促进绵阳市、雅安市、乐山市、达州市等圈群空隙城市差异化、特色化发展,强化宜宾—泸州—重庆沿江发展轴,逐步优化成渝城市群空间结构,形成区域协调发展新格局。

Effect of early psychedelic use on social func⁃tion in adulthood

Psychedelic is one of psychoac⁃tive drug substances which leads to abnormali⁃ties in thinking,mood and sensory perception via the subtype of 5-HT receptor(5-HT2A receptor).Psychedelic is known to cause schizophrenia-like symptoms or worsen schizophrenia.Mean⁃while it causes abnormalities in neural synchroni⁃zation and oscillations.In recent years,with the prevalence of various new psychedelic drugs and the rising population of young addicts,the clinical effects of psychedelic have been highly concerned.Adolescence is an important period for the formation of neuroplasticity,and it is an important stage in the functional development and maturation of the central nervous system.However,it is currently unclear about the endur⁃ing effects of juvenile exposure to psychedelic on social behavior,and neural network function.OBJECTIVE The chronic exposure model of psy⁃chedelic(2CC-NBOMe,2CC)in rats was used to reveal the enduring effects on social behavior and neural network function in adulthood,which is intended to provide important reference infor⁃mation about the potential enduring effects and clinical applicability of psychedelic.METHODS Repeated exposure of normal saline in adoles⁃cence group(0.1 mL·kg-1,for 14 d),repeated exposure of 2CC group(0.1 mg·kg-1,for 14 d).The duration of adolescent administration was 35-48 d after birth.Adulthood means 9 weeks after birth.Behavioral and somatic neuroelectro⁃physiological experiments were performed 9-12 weeks after birth in the adolescent drug exposure group.RESULTS Psychedelic-exposed animals during adolescence showed a significant decline in social rank and an increase in social willingness.Coherence of theta waves(6-10 Hz)from the hippocampal CA1 to the orbital frontal cortex(Orb)was significantly reduced in the psy⁃chedelic-exposed animals compared to the con⁃trol animals.During the social task,the coher⁃ence of theta waves between CA1 and Orb was significantly reduced in the control animals,but not in the psychedelic-exposed animals.CON⁃CLUSION The altered social function caused by chronic psychedelic exposure during adoles⁃cence is associated with abnormal CA1-Orb theta wave coherence.

基于多准则决策的国家足球队配置策略研究

选配合适的足球运动员是组建一支高绩效国家足球队的重点,基于多准则决策(MCDM),使用熵权法、K-means聚类算法以及TOPSIS分析法等多种工具对球员进行综合评价与分类。结果表明,中场和后场的球员排名靠前,与中、后场联系紧密的前场球员也表现较好;替换球员排名通常靠后,但替换下场球员整体排名优于替补上场球员;球员的排名也取决于球队整体传接球路线和进攻路径的选择。通过社会网络分析指标与传统技战术指标相结合,采用多准则决策法,教练团队可以更加有效选择运动员,可根据球队与对手的风格选择与调换球员,最大限度发挥球员间的互补性,提升球队协作能力。

人口老龄化背景下某市医疗机构建筑无障碍水平调查研究

目的为当前老龄化时代和改善老年人的无障碍就医环境提供科学参考。方法2022年12月—2023年2月期间采用随机抽样法,抽取某市10家医疗机构的375名人员作为调查对象,发放自制的《医疗机构患者就医感受综合评分表(无障碍设施类)》调查问卷375份,获得有效问卷356份并进行了信效度检验。问卷设定6个无障碍水平调查指标,每个指标设1至10分,对建筑无障碍水平进行问卷调查,收集的资料采用数据秩和比法和四分图模型进行统计分析。结果某市医疗机构的建筑无障碍平均得分为35.86分,多个指标处于中等水平,提示无障碍水平有待进一步提高。同时,不同医疗机构的经济运营状况对无障碍建设有一定影响,无障碍建设还与当地政府建设规划、工作人员的无障碍建筑意识等因素有关。结论为了应对老龄化挑战,提高老年人就医质量,降低社保成本,某市医疗机构可采取停车位、厕所等方面的无障碍改造,提升无障碍AI技术应用,打造智慧化就医场景等措施;政府需加快完善配套政策法规,加大无障碍设施改造方面的支持力度;高等院校、科研院所等可与医疗机构协同创新,产、学、研、用一体化发展,促进成果转化。

基于PageRank的在线社交网络消息传播模型

经典的消息传播模型没有充分考虑在线社交网络的复杂性以及网络节点间的拓扑结构差异。针对这种情况,提出一种基于Page Rank的在线社交网络的消息传播模型P-SIR。该模型利用节点的Page Rank值作为节点权威度并考虑在线社交网络传播机理,刻画不同类型节点随着时间变化的状态演化关系,反映消息传播过程受到网络拓扑结构和传播机理的影响。该模型还考虑在线社交网络中影响消息传播过程中的一些实际因素,动态指定节点的权威度以适应非均质网络,并考虑外部社会加强效应。采用3种不同类型的网络模拟消息传播过程,通过仿真实验验证P-SIR模型可以有效反映在线社交网络中的消息传播过程。

ComRank： Joint Weight Technique for the Identification of Influential Communities

Recently, the community analysis has seen enormous research advancements in the field of social networks. A large amount of the current studies put forward different models and algorithms about most influential people. However, there is little work to shed light on how to rank communities while considering their levels that are determined by the quality of their published contents. In this paper, we propose solution for measuring the influence of communities and ranking them by considering joint weight composed of internal and external influence of communities. To address this issue, we design a novel algorithm called Com Rank: a modification of Page Rank, which considers the joint weight in order to identify impact of each community and ranking them. We use real-world data trace in citation network and perform extensive experiments to evaluate our proposed algorithm. The comparative results depict significant improvements by our algorithm in community ranking due to the inclusion of proposed weighting feature.

基于双图混合随机游走的社会化推荐模型

近年来,可以有效缓解数据稀疏和冷启动问题的社会化推荐受到了研究者和业界的关注.社会化推荐利用显式或隐式社交关系作为辅助信息,提升了推荐性能.然而,目前的社会化推荐模型通常采用普通图描述社交关系.普通图中的边常描述为成对节点的关系,这种方法适合描述显式关系,但难以描述复杂的隐式关系,如购买过同一商品的多个用户之间的集合关系,因此难以学习到准确的节点表示,影响推荐的性能.针对此问题,本文结合超图和普通图,提出基于双图混合随机游走的推荐(BG-Rec)模型.构建超图描述复杂的隐式关系,同时用普通图描述显式的社交关系,并在两种图上定义混合随机游走策略,生成结合隐式关系和显式关系的游走节点序列,学习更准确的节点嵌入表示.根据用户评分的高低,构建了正反馈超图和负反馈超图,考虑更细粒度的朋友关系,以识别可靠的朋友.融合可靠朋友的偏好和后验概率最大化优化物品个性化排序.三个公开数据集的大量实验表明了BG-Rec在推荐性能上的优越性,冷启动和消融实验表明了其在缓解冷启动问题的有效性和超图建模的合理性.

APPOW:An Advanced Routing Protocol Based on Parameters Optimization in the Weighted Mobile Social Network

Due to the increasing number of wireless mobile devices,the possibility of mobile communications without infrastructure becomes a reality.The Decentralized Mobile Social Network(DMSN) is a paradigm where nodes can move freely and organize themselves arbitrarily.Routing in these environments is difficult for the reason of the rapid changes of the social relationship graph's topology.Meanwhile,the social ties among nodes change overtime.Therefore,an efficient data forwarding mechanism should be considered over the temporal weighted relationship graph.In this paper,an Advanced routing Protocol based on Parameters Optimization in the Weighted mobile social network(APPOW) is proposed to improve the delivery success ratio and reduce the cost of exchanging information.APPOW combines the normalized relative weights of three local social metrics,i.e.,LinkRank,similarity and contact strength,to select the next relay node.The weights of the three metrics are derived by pair-wise learning algorithm.The result shows that APPOW outperforms the state-ofthe-art SimBet Routing in delivering message and significantly reduces the average hops.Additionally,the delivery performance of APPOW is close to Epidemic Routing but without message duplications.

基于大规模网络社群分割的国际分众舆情分析——以2022年G20峰会为例

[研究目的]国际舆论研究既需要覆盖范围广泛,也需要针对细分群体进行分众化分析,而已有的以文本为中心的舆情分析方法难以满足上述需求。因此本文提出一种以网络为中心的国际分众舆情分析方法。[研究方法]首先采用个性化网页排名算法对社交媒体用户随机游走采样,得到未被社交机器人污染的大规模用户网络,然后基于社交媒体舆论嵌入在各种同质网络中这一特征,用经典稀疏主成分分析对用户网络进行社群聚类,将具有共同纽带或身份的个体划分入同一社群,最后用深度学习分别针对各个社群进行舆情分析。[研究结论]通过对2022年G20峰会的国际舆情分析,发现各社群的舆论表达与其身份高度相关,验证了本文提出方法的有效性。除了在对抗社交机器人干扰、用户群体细分方面做出改进性工作,本文还为国际舆情演化的实证研究提供了方法论支撑。

国内外一流高校研究成果的Altmetrics覆盖率研究

通过分析和比较国内外一流高校研究成果被Web of Science核心合集收录的情况和学科分布情况以及这些研究成果的Altmetric.com覆盖率,揭示国内外一流高校研究成果Altmetric.com覆盖率的差异及原因,为提高国内“双一流”建设高校的社会网络影响力提供参考。选择40所国内外学术排名靠前的高校为样本机构,检索到共358 781条被Web of Science收录的2021年研究文献。利用Python语言编程访问Altmetric API,获取这些文献的Altmetrics数据,并在此基础上对国内外及学科间研究文献的Altmetric.com覆盖率进行比较研究。研究发现国内外一流高校研究成果的Altmetric.com覆盖率已经达到相当的份额,但存在较大的国别差异、学科差异和社交网络媒体差异。因此,Altmetric关注度分数作为高校科研影响力计量评价指标的潜力仍有待挖掘。

A comparison of a patient-rated visual analogue scale with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for social anxiety disorder: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), used to assess the severity of social anxiety disorder (SAD), requires considerable effort and time to complete. The aims of this study were: 1) to investigate whether a visual analogue scale (VAS) could be linear with the LSAS and substitute for the LSAS, 2) to relate such a VAS instrument to patient demographics. Methods: Fifty SAD patients were assessed using the LSAS and VAS instruments completed by both patients and doctors at the same session. We then drew distributions and calculated the Spearman’s ρ and κ coefficient values (divided at the median for each scale) between patient and doctor assessments. Next, each pair among the scores for the LSAS, the patient VAS and the doctor VAS was compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests according to patient life profile data. Results: Scatter plots of pairs of scores were obtained. Spearman’s ρ was 0.661 between the LSAS and the patient VAS, 0.461 between the LSAS and the doctor VAS, and 0.494 between VAS scores of patients and doctors. The κ coefficients were 0.501 between the LSAS and patient VAS, 0.251 between the LSAS and doctor VAS, and 0.425 between patient VAS and doctor VAS (for all six, p < 0.001). The Wilcoxon rank sum tests indicated a significant difference between the groups with/ without “employment” (LSAS, patient/doctor VAS), with/without “graduation from junior college/university” (doctor VAS) (p < 0.05) and with/without marital history (the age of first consultation) (p < 0.01). Conclusions: A patient VAS may substitute for the LSAS and offer the versatility necessary to capture patient states and life profiles.

学步期至青年期社交焦虑的发展轨迹和稳定性:一项基于纵向研究的三水平元分析

鉴于社交焦虑的高患病率和广泛的不良后效,大量理论和纵向研究对社交焦虑的发展进行了探讨,但观点和研究结果存在矛盾。为厘清争议,准确刻画社交焦虑平均水平变化和稳定性的年龄趋势,采用三水平模型的方法,对来自173项纵向研究的192个独立样本(N=170197)进行元分析。结果显示:(1)在平均水平上,社交焦虑从学步期至青年期呈逐步下降趋势,仅青春中期有小幅上升。(2)在稳定性上,社交焦虑在学步期和学前期较高,在小学儿童期降至低谷后逐渐回升,青年期稳定在较高水平。(3)社交焦虑的平均水平变化不受研究特征、样本特征和变量特征的影响。(4)社交焦虑的稳定性受文章语言、大洲、文化、性别和测量方式的调节。(5)社交焦虑的稳定性随时间间隔变长呈先快后慢的下降趋势。研究首次利用元分析技术刻画了社交焦虑从学步期至青年期的发展趋势,其中发展轨迹总体上支持了人格成熟论,稳定上则呈现出较强的特质属性,结果为探索社交焦虑的毕生发展和干预提供了新视角。

替代计量学指标分数与一流大学排名系统得分相关性研究

选择56所国内外学术排名靠前的大学为样本机构,以Web of Science核心合集为数据源,检索到样本机构2021年研究文献共469347篇,利用Python语言编程访问Altmetric.com,获取这些文献的替代计量学数据,并在此基础上进行统计分析。首先,比较国内外一流大学论文产出、引用和替代计量学指标分数的现状及相关性,探讨国内外一流大学在研究论文产出、学术影响力和社会影响力等方面的差异。其次,分析国内外一流大学研究论文的替代计量学指标分数与各大学排名系统得分之间的相关性。最后,探讨将替代计量学指标作为大学科研影响力评价指标的必要性和可行性,为“双一流”高校建设提供参考。研究发现:国内“双一流”建设高校在研究产出和论文引用情况方面与国外一流大学基本类似,但其替代计量学指标分数显著低于国外大学;大学的替代计量学指标分数与其在大学排名系统中的大多数指标分数之间存在显著的相关性,能够作为大学排名系统评价标准和方法的有益补充。

滇金丝猴家庭个体理毛收益比较

理毛行为是非人灵长类维持社会关系的主要途径,理毛的收益能反应个体在社群中所处的社会角色及等级。为了解重层社会滇金丝猴个体社会角色和等级对理毛收益的影响,于2018年7月—8月和2019年2月、8月期间,采用焦点动物全事件记录法收集云南白马雪山国家级自然保护区人工辅助投食的滇金丝猴一雄多雌繁殖家庭(OMU)理毛和攻击-屈服行为数据,分析了雌雄和雌雌的理毛收益及影响因素。结果表明:滇金丝猴繁殖家庭内成年个体间有32.3%的理毛回合有回报,平均理毛时间为302±255 s(n=96)。相同雌性数量繁殖家庭间主雄的理毛收益无差异(Z=4.59,P=0.20);在雄性-雌性回合对中,雄性的理毛收益高于雌性(T=−6.138,df=58,P<0.01),但不同等级雌性对雄性的理毛收益无差异(Z=−1.543,P=0.12);在高等级雌性-低等级雌性回合对中,高等级雌性的理毛收益高于低等级雌性(T=−3.467,df=36,P<0.01)。因此,重层社会下滇金丝猴OMU内雄性理毛收益高于雌性,且相同成年雌性数量OMU间主雄的理毛收益没差异;高等级雌性理毛收益高于低等级雌性,这表明滇金丝猴个体理毛收益受社会角色(主雄)和等级的影响。