Social Security Funds Clamor for Reform

This paper analyzed the institutional deficiencies inherent in China's social security system based on a dissection of various social security fund violations. It holds that the unscientific design in social security system is the root cause for social security fund violations, which is reflected in low level of social security unification, irrational investment system and legislative loopholes etc. Currently, China's social security funds are facing risks in management and in system; The key of risk control lies in the reforming of the overall framework of social security system through the following aspects: 1) readjust the unified account system structure to raise the level of unification; 2) reform funds investment system to boost ROI; 3) speeding up legislative to regulate the administrative costs and the behaviors of its entities.

The Social Security System in Reform

China,already possessing a large number of retirees,will become one of the countries with a predominant-ly aged population by the end of the century.A retirement boom is ex-pected for the year 2030,when China will have over 100 million senior citizens living on an annual pension of billions of yuan.There-fore China is working to legislate a Chinese style social insurance system by the year 2000.This system will be independent of enterprises and cov-er workers in both rural and urban areas.It will be reasonable in its.expenditures because its funding will come from a wide range of sources.It will make a balanced and rational use of these funds and will be run by a highly socialized and coordinated administration.

Research on the Socialization of Grassroots Meteorological Services in Agricultural Supply-side Structural Reform

In 2017, the No. 1 Document of the Central Committee proposed that "it is necessary to further promote agricultural supply-side structural reform, accelerate the cultivation of new kinetic energy for agricultural and rural development, and create a new situation in the construction of agricultural modernization". Under the new normal, Zhejiang s agricultural development shows new characteristics and new trends of speed change, structural optimization, and power conversion, and meteorological services for agriculture have stronger demands, higher requirements, and heavier tasks. The socialization of meteorological services is a new type of system arrangement for the provision of meteorological services, and aims to provide high-quality and efficient meteorological service products for the public and promote the equalization of basic meteorological services in urban and rural areas. In this study, through research on the socialization of grassroots meteorological services in a new situation, a new way of the government to provide public weather services is proposed, and a mechanism of the government to purchase public meteorological services is established;social resources and forces are organized and guided to develop the innovation system and mechanism of public weather services, and social resources are fully mobilized to meet the demand for meteorological services in the process of agricultural supply-side structural reform.

Social Security Internationalization During China's Reform and Opening Up from 1978 to 2018——Viewed from the Paradigm of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

China's reform and opening-up policy,launched in 1978,marks the start of the internationalization process of its social security system.This paper takes the notion of "a community with a shared future" as the perspective to analyze the internationalization of social security in the process of China's reform and opening up.Based on China's developments in globalization,it divides the internationalization process of China's social security from 1978 to 2018 into three stages: the stage of reshaping the domestic social security system with reference to the best international practice; the stage of achieving bilateral or multilateral alignment on the premise of equality and mutual benefit,and the stage of injecting Chinese wisdom in social security into the development of global social security.The trajectory of the development of China's social security internationalization shows the incremental evolution within the country,between nations,and in the world community.This paper studies the internationalization process to show China's grand achievements in the four decades of reform and opening-up and to demonstrate Chinese wisdom and confidence.

The Participation of Social Organizations and the Reform of the People's Assessor System

In the process of transition from the rural China to modern society,the people's assessor system mainly reflects the citizens' individual participation.However,organized judicial participation has not been paid enough attention in either institutional design or in the actual operation.Judicial participation of social organizations has important significance not only in highlighting the value of people's assessor system,but also in getting out of the "presenting without substantive hearing"predicament in practice.Therefore,the people's court shall guide the orderly participation of social organizations in justice,and make social organizations play a more important role in people's assessor system.

国家治理的社会创新:健全人口发展支持和服务体系的治理现代化

在进一步全面深化改革的时代背景下,探讨社会创新在健全人口发展支持和服务体系中的作用显得尤为关键。由于人口新国情与治理现代化之间的限度,中国人口治理的社会创新始终面临一系列挑战。中华人民共和国成立以来,中国人口治理的创新实践从工具主义导向的偶发性举措创新,到市场驱动下的政策形式创新,再到风险叠加背景下的工具理性创新,最终发展至人口国情下的实质性社会创新。通过构建一个涵盖“横向协调、纵向协同、长远规划”的三维模型,重新建立健全人口发展支撑和服务体系的理论解释框架。该框架的主旨内涵是国家治理的社会创新,要求从整体视角审视人口治理的现代化进程,促进国家战略转向为社会行动。即健全人口发展支持和服务体系在未来实践中,将进一步拓展为“发展性—社会包容”“普惠性—社会投资”“基础性—社会动员”“兜底性—社会保护”的治理现代化矩阵。

面向临床医学专业的社会适应性教育实践体系探索

高等院校人才培养的适应性主要指社会适应性,即高等院校通过改革创新人才培养模式、课程体系等途径,使学生在面对复杂的社会环境时,通过调整自身以及顺应、利用和改造环境,增强自我与社会互动的能力,成为能够适应社会、与社会和他人和谐相处的人。以山东第一医科大学跟岗与实习学生为研究样本,开展高等院校社会适应性教育实践,分析出相应的实践经验,形成具有推广价值的社会适应性教育课程体系,为增强新时代我国高等院校人才培养的社会适应性提供实践支撑。研究能为高职院校乃至普通本科院校开展社会适应性教育提供参考和借鉴,可以为当前高等院校人才培养模式改革、课程思政建设提供有益启示,还可以为教育主管部门制定政策文本提供参考。

China＇s Economic Reform and Its Prospects

China＇s economy can be characterized as having two correlated imbalances, i.e. imbalances in its domestic and international economic structures. It would be very difficult to identify a causal relationship between the two imbalances. In any case, this is an outcome of the past few decades. The same situation can also befound in other countries. Where are China＇s economy and its reform heading towards？ At the macro-level, the econmnic policies guiding China＇s economy and its performance are closely related to the two imbalances. One thing is for certain： world economic equilibrium will help balance various economies including China. But the world economy cannot automatically balance itself. Various economies must restore their balance before equilibrium can be achieved at the global level. For individual countries, balancing their domestic economy is what they can concentrate on. In other words, China needs to rely on its own efforts to achieve internal economic balance through reform. Internal econontic balance will promote sustainable development and contribute to the world economic balance. The questhm is where will such internal balance come from？ How can China achieve an internal rebalance？

养老保险政策改革与老年家庭财务脆弱性: 基于CHFS的经 验证据

依据中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,以2018年养老保险待遇水平调整的政策改革作为准自然实验,并运用双重差分模型,考量养老保险政策改革对老年家庭财务脆弱性的影响。结果表明,养老保险政策改革通过促进收入的增加、减缓养老风险和健康风险冲击力度,使得老年家庭陷入财务脆弱性的概率下降5.61%。异质性分析显示,农村、有医疗保险以及需抚养子女数量少的老年家庭受到养老保险政策改革的影响程度更大。鉴于此,应通过提高养老保险保障水平、实行更精细化的养老保险政策等方式,推动我国多层次社会保障体系的完善。

How the University Curriculum Reform Serves for Employment

Confronted with the globalization, nowadays, the level of economy and science develops rapidly, so it is indispensable to carry out the task of cultivating enough talents. In order to satisfy the social development and cater for market demands, university curriculum reform should be more frequently served for employment, avoiding being always confined to the textbooks and learning pure theory knowledge through memory. In that way, a group of talents who have no knowledge actually will be cultivated, because something that the students learn at the university deviate from the society and after they work on the guard,they need learn the relevant contents from the beginning. To a certain degree, students' career developments are possible to be influenced by the direction and quality of university curriculum reform. To link the university curriculum reform and employment development better, this essay will put forward the effective advice from three aspects.

Analysis of the Changes in Rural Chinese Family Structure since Reform and Opening Up

This article uses data from censuses since 1982 to reveal changes in the family structure of rural China since the launch of reform and opening up and against the backdrop of institutional relocation,social transformation and an aging population.Since the advent of reform and opening up,rural family structure and its changes can be divided into two phases.Before the 1990 s,the household contract responsibility system was implemented,labor in rural villages was still mainly engaged in farming,and the number of nuclear families remained stable with a steady rise.After the 1990 s,as reform progress deepened,substantial numbers of young and middle-aged laborers in rural villages began to relocate into non-farming sectors and aging in rural villages rose.As those born in the early days of the family planning policy gradually matured,family structure was directly affected and changed in new ways and forms not seen before.Vocational divisions of labor among the parents of young families and married offspring emerged and the significance of cooperation for family economy and daily life between parents and offspring rose in importance.Also,the prevalence of immediate families with three generations climbed while the standard nuclear families declined,the ratio of middle-aged couples with young children that worked outside the home increased,the function of middle-aged and senior parents in the upbringing of infants and children enhanced,and the commonness of incomplete family types such as only grandparents with grandchildren increased.During this phase,the number of seniors living alone surged to the point of becoming a matter worthy of attention.

党的自我革命引领社会革命的成就、经验与启示

勇于自我革命,是中国共产党最鲜明的品格,是中国共产党最大的优势,也是中国共产党区别于其他政党最显著的标志。中国共产党在自我革命过程中带领全国各族人民取得了新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设、新时代中国特色社会主义的伟大成就,取得许多宝贵经验:坚持党的集中统一领导是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本保证,坚守初心使命是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本动力,坚持人民至上是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本立场,坚持问题导向是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本方法。新时代新征程中,中国共产党要通过自我革命对社会革命发挥思想引领、政治引领、制度引领、组织引领的作用。

从“氏族之人”到“编户齐民”——试论先秦时期社会成员身份的变迁

夏商西周时期,社会上几乎所有的人都生活于“族”之中。这些族,夏商时期称为“氏族”,西周时期则多称为“宗族”。春秋战国时期,虽然“人”“民”多混用无别,但两者的使用却出现了有所侧重的情况。“民”能够以地域为称,但并不以族为称,它所表现的是社会成员的地域特征,而“人”则可以表现其作为某族的血缘关系特征。社会成员间血缘关系的影响在削弱,而国家地域关系的影响在增强。社会成员身份的巨大变化是由氏族(宗族)之人,变成了国家控制下的编户齐民。“编户齐民”肇端于战国时期诸国授田制度的实施,到秦代则成为国家控制天下民众的最主要的制度。这种居民身份的变化深刻地影响着古代中国的历史发展。

在老龄社会视域下推进全面的适老化治理

人口负增长与深度老龄化交叠并相互强化将贯穿于整个21世纪,深度老龄社会成为中国基本社会形态。既有的经济社会体系越来越难以适应老龄社会,迫切需要一场多维度、深层次、长时期和全面性的适老化治理。与世界老龄社会先行国家相比,中国式现代化的适老化治理面临老年人口规模巨大、劳动力老化和人力资源不适配等人口基础挑战;制度建设、政策制定、实践资金支持等社会架构挑战;高龄老人养老、数字社会治理、人工智能伦理等风险防范挑战。适老化改革亟需树立老龄社会主流化理念,将适老化治理融入国家战略体系框架,从思想适老化、兼顾硬件和软件改造、推动覆盖全域等层面全面推进治理体系和治理能力现代化。

全民基本收入:社会保障的第三种模式?

智能化、数字化、信息化的迅猛发展对传统就业模式形成巨大冲击,以正规就业为基础的传统社会保障模式面临巨大挑战,“全民基本收入”这一古老思想重新焕发活力,并日益成为一种世界性运动。本文从社会政策发展的历史脉络切入,把全民基本收入置于社会保障制度演变的历史情景中,通过比较基本收入与社会救助和社会保险这两大主流社会保障模式的关系,探讨全民基本收入能否成为继社会救助和社会保险之后的第三种社会保障模式。

中国式现代化背景下新质生产力发展与智能时代我国社会结构现代化

党的二十届三中全会提出“健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制”。发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点,是推进中国式现代化的重大战略举措,对我国经济社会发展将产生深远影响。新质生产力的本质是先进生产力。新质生产力对人类社会交往方式、生活方式和社会结构现代化进程产生颠覆性影响。作为新质生产力的代表,人工智能正在成为类似于历史上蒸汽机、电力等具有广泛而深刻影响的新的通用技术。人工智能技术在工业社会、信息社会之后,正将人类社会带入智能时代,人类社会结构呈现智能现代化特征。发展新质生产力,必须进一步全面深化改革,形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。中国式现代化的本质和特征为新质生产力的解放和发展提供了契机,新质生产力也为破解我国发展不平衡不充分问题,实现社会结构现代化转型提供了历史机遇。西方现代化百年来,始终难以克服的弊病,也被带入了智能化时代,在“数字鸿沟”之后,“智能鸿沟”也在西方社会逐步形成。智能时代的中国社会结构,展示出新型现代化社会结构的特征,表现出优于西方社会结构的现代化新形态,成为与新质生产力相适应的新型生产关系的重要构成部分。

全面深化改革与新型社会关系的发展

全面深化改革与新型社会关系的发展之间关联紧密,理解这一关联性的前提在于准确把握新型社会关系的独特时空内涵。不同于西方现代化语境中传统社会关系呈现的同质性时间与占有性空间的内涵,新型社会关系具有符合中国式现代化要求的差异性与交互性的时空内涵。随着中国式现代化的深入推进,新型社会关系也在不断革新自身的发展目标。在以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期,新型社会关系的发展目标应该与人类命运共同体的构建、新质生产力的发展以及人民至上的立场相适应。依据目标导向和问题导向相结合原则,新型社会关系在当前阶段的发展目标与全面深化改革需要解决的问题具有一致性,即将新型社会关系进一步提升至符合当前阶段推进中国式现代化所需的社会关系形态。全面深化改革是发展新型社会关系的实践路径,新型社会关系的发展同时也构成全面深化改革的重要内容。在全面深化改革中发展新型社会关系,既要从整体高度把握系统部署的总体思路,也要从具体层面以全面深化改革的三重指向实现新型社会关系的发展目标,充分彰显中国共产党人以进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的坚定决心和实践魄力。

对新一轮财税体制改革中税制变革的理论分析与思考

在新一轮财税体制改革中推动税制改革创新,以改革促高质量发展,更加突出构建经济发展与税收制度的良性互动关系,深刻把握构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制与税收制度的理论逻辑。更加全面系统认识税收制度与产权制度的内在关系,更好发挥税收制度的产权保护功能;更加适应产业链分工细化深化特征,不断推动优化税制结构;更好顺应区域分工趋势,不断优化区域税收分配机制;更加适应于数字经济发展阶段,尝试推动税制创新。

基于“校地”融合视域下提高大学生社会适应力路径探讨——以食品微生物学为例

为了提高大学毕业生社会适应力,推动学生就业、企业转型、地方繁荣,实现校地融合共享式发展,以地方应用型本科高校中食品微生物学课程教学为例,从优化教学内容、创新教学模式、整合育人资源和调整考核体系四维度入手,提出专业基础课程教学改革新路径。一是注重提升学生专业技能,增强大学生自信心;二是注重培养大学生多角度思维,提高自我认知,拓宽就业渠道;三是注重整合地方优势资源,开展实践教学、体验教学,培养大学生创业意识和创新思维;四是注重技能掌握和知识迁移能力考核,培养学生团结合作和沟通表达,提高抗挫折能力。通过四项教学改革措施,有效帮助大学生提高个人综合素养,加快实现从学生到职场人的转变,有效增强大学生就业的归属感、成就感和幸福感,有效化解企业用人难题,更好地实现人尽其才、才尽其用、人岗匹配,有力促进地方经济高质量发展。