Infertility is considered to be a growing problem worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, at least 20%-50% of couples of reproductive age experience a fertility problem and 30% are diagnosed with infertility. This study exp...Infertility is considered to be a growing problem worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, at least 20%-50% of couples of reproductive age experience a fertility problem and 30% are diagnosed with infertility. This study explores the experiences of women in South Africa who are involuntary childless and explores their psychological and emotional experiences of In Vitro Fertilisation and Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET). Utilising a qualitative methodology, a diverse group of 21 married women diagnosed with infertility and who had undergone at least two cycles of IVF-ET were recruited. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of the study indicated that the women perceived themselves as not conforming to a dominant belief system and as a result felt compelled to explore all the medical options available. They reported emotional turmoil characterised by primary binary emotions of anxiety-excitement and nervousness-optimistic. These emotions were experienced throughout the five stages of the IVF-ET treatment cycles. A synopsis of the psychological and emotional responses to the IVF-ET treatment is discussed. The findings of this study suggest the need for the incorporation of a mandatory psychosocial intervention as part of infertility management. Greater attention to the psychological and emotional repercussions of infertility treatment could lead to a more personalised client-approach which, in turn, would prepare infertile women and couples for the emotional demands of the treatment.展开更多
According to the different products that two upper enterprises produce, this paper analyzes the transfer pricing of intermediate product and the effect of social welfare of vertical merger under imperfect competition ...According to the different products that two upper enterprises produce, this paper analyzes the transfer pricing of intermediate product and the effect of social welfare of vertical merger under imperfect competition market. The conclusions are: the transfer pricing of intermediate product is equal to marginal cost; the perfect outputs that upper enterprises sell to the market before and after the vertical merger of enterprises are the same; the product price in the integrated enterprises may be higher, lower or equal to the price in non-integrated enterprises.展开更多
知识生产模式转型与“双一流”建设背景下,跨学科研究平台注重自身对国家、区域发展和经济社会进步的实际贡献成为其谋求可持续发展的应然使命。但我国的跨学科研究平台整体发展时间较短,在开展社会服务时存在动力欠缺、广度与深度有限...知识生产模式转型与“双一流”建设背景下,跨学科研究平台注重自身对国家、区域发展和经济社会进步的实际贡献成为其谋求可持续发展的应然使命。但我国的跨学科研究平台整体发展时间较短,在开展社会服务时存在动力欠缺、广度与深度有限、松散不成体系、相关制度安排与运行机制不完善等现实困境,在理念及目标设定、路径选择以及成果认定等方面亟待变革。基于美国脑、心智和机器中心(Center for Brain,Minds and Machines,CBMM)的案例,研究发现CBMM服务经济社会的逻辑动因在于寻求组织合法性、实现组织可持续发展,并同时实现增加弱势个体人力资本、促进向上社会流动与引领社会进步、助推社会生态更新的重要功能。CBMM得以兼顾组织发展和担当社会责任的关键在于凝聚社会公益共识、为弱势学生提供体系化的教育推广计划、借助知识转移构建创新集群、重构评价管理规范等创新举措,这为我国跨学科研究平台服务经济社会提供了可资借鉴的经验。展开更多
文摘Infertility is considered to be a growing problem worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, at least 20%-50% of couples of reproductive age experience a fertility problem and 30% are diagnosed with infertility. This study explores the experiences of women in South Africa who are involuntary childless and explores their psychological and emotional experiences of In Vitro Fertilisation and Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET). Utilising a qualitative methodology, a diverse group of 21 married women diagnosed with infertility and who had undergone at least two cycles of IVF-ET were recruited. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of the study indicated that the women perceived themselves as not conforming to a dominant belief system and as a result felt compelled to explore all the medical options available. They reported emotional turmoil characterised by primary binary emotions of anxiety-excitement and nervousness-optimistic. These emotions were experienced throughout the five stages of the IVF-ET treatment cycles. A synopsis of the psychological and emotional responses to the IVF-ET treatment is discussed. The findings of this study suggest the need for the incorporation of a mandatory psychosocial intervention as part of infertility management. Greater attention to the psychological and emotional repercussions of infertility treatment could lead to a more personalised client-approach which, in turn, would prepare infertile women and couples for the emotional demands of the treatment.
文摘According to the different products that two upper enterprises produce, this paper analyzes the transfer pricing of intermediate product and the effect of social welfare of vertical merger under imperfect competition market. The conclusions are: the transfer pricing of intermediate product is equal to marginal cost; the perfect outputs that upper enterprises sell to the market before and after the vertical merger of enterprises are the same; the product price in the integrated enterprises may be higher, lower or equal to the price in non-integrated enterprises.
文摘知识生产模式转型与“双一流”建设背景下,跨学科研究平台注重自身对国家、区域发展和经济社会进步的实际贡献成为其谋求可持续发展的应然使命。但我国的跨学科研究平台整体发展时间较短,在开展社会服务时存在动力欠缺、广度与深度有限、松散不成体系、相关制度安排与运行机制不完善等现实困境,在理念及目标设定、路径选择以及成果认定等方面亟待变革。基于美国脑、心智和机器中心(Center for Brain,Minds and Machines,CBMM)的案例,研究发现CBMM服务经济社会的逻辑动因在于寻求组织合法性、实现组织可持续发展,并同时实现增加弱势个体人力资本、促进向上社会流动与引领社会进步、助推社会生态更新的重要功能。CBMM得以兼顾组织发展和担当社会责任的关键在于凝聚社会公益共识、为弱势学生提供体系化的教育推广计划、借助知识转移构建创新集群、重构评价管理规范等创新举措,这为我国跨学科研究平台服务经济社会提供了可资借鉴的经验。
