Social cognition difficulties are well documented in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This clinical case study reports on social cognition assessment and treatment of a gifted child, SC (9 years), with AS...Social cognition difficulties are well documented in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This clinical case study reports on social cognition assessment and treatment of a gifted child, SC (9 years), with ASD and an extraordinarily high verbal IQ (146). The assessment of theory of mind, emotion recognition and pragmatic abilities showed some weaknesses in these areas. The 4-month treatment was divided into 14 sessions and was aimed at helping SC to improve his abilities to recognize emotions and comprehend mental states. The main technique used in the intervention was “social reading” with video clips. The initial assessment was repeated after the treatment and in a follow up session. The results of this case study suggest that “social reading” can be considered as a beneficial technique for children with high-functioning ASD, and especially in giftedness conditions.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To determine the psychosocial problems, social accept...<strong>Objective:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To determine the psychosocial problems, social acceptance and the impact of the costs of parents whose child has cancer. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study over two-year periods (from January 3, 2018 to March 31, 2020) in the pediatric oncology unit of clinics at the University of Lubumbashi, in DR Congo. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 129 parents of children with cancer in the pediatric oncology unit were included in our study. Most children with cancer (53%) were accompanied by their mothers who had a low level of education (53.0%). Emotional shock was the most observed reaction (68%) to the announcement of the disease (cancer). Retinoblastoma has had a significant economic impact on families without medical coverage. Only 38% received psychological support from parents. Sadness was the most common feeling (77%) of households. Support workers consider their relationship with the medical profession acceptable in 67% and difficult in 11%. The majority of parents (78%) felt that the time to provide medical care was longer than expected. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Parents of children with cancer had different feelings and reactions. This observation may be useful for the development of a health policy, in particular that of pediatric cancer in DR Congo.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Background: Category II tuberculosis (TB) patients (i.e. re-treatment TB patients) are at an increased risk for defaulting on treatment compared to Category I TB patients. Therefore, extra steps need to be taken to he...Background: Category II tuberculosis (TB) patients (i.e. re-treatment TB patients) are at an increased risk for defaulting on treatment compared to Category I TB patients. Therefore, extra steps need to be taken to help Category II TB patients follow through with their treatment. The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of three different types of interventions to help improve treatment success rates among Category II patients. Materials and Methods: Three different interventions that were implemented among Category II TB patients in the Bardhaman, Hugli, Malda and Murshidabad districts in West Bengal, India, were: 1) setting up group patient provider meetings (PPMs), 2) making home visits and reinforcing the message of full course of treatment, and 3) linking poor TB patients to social welfare schemes (SWSs) to incentivize them to complete treatment. Results: PPMs and SWSs improved treatment success rates among Category II patients. The treatment success rates for patients who received PPMs and patients who received SWSs were 94.2% and 90.7%, respectively, compared to the 74.5% treatment success rate of patients who received no intervention. The effectiveness of home visits, however, depended on the number of home visits the patient received. Conclusion: PPMs and SWSs improve treatment success among Category II TB patients and may easily be incorporated in Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course programming as feasible ways. A conclusion regarding home visits, however, could not be drawn from this study.展开更多
Taijin-Kyofu-Sho (TKS) has long been considered as a Japanese culture-bound form of social anxiety disorder, although subsequent case-reports from countries outside Japan have dispelled this notion. There are subtle y...Taijin-Kyofu-Sho (TKS) has long been considered as a Japanese culture-bound form of social anxiety disorder, although subsequent case-reports from countries outside Japan have dispelled this notion. There are subtle yet distinct differences between TKS and DSM-defined social anxiety disorder (SAD). For instance, the TKS subject fears causing offence to others, whereas the SAD subject is more fearful of causing embarrassment to him/herself. Four sub-categories of TKS have been recognised of which the Jikoshu-kyofu variety resembles the olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) known to Western psychiatrists. There are two TKS subtypes, general (or simple) and offensive (delusional). The general subtype resembles social anxiety disorder, whereas the offensive subtype is characterised by delusions. True community-wide prevalence is unknown, although clinic studies estimate between 7.8% to 45.5% patients have a diagnosis of TKS, with a slight male preponderance. Cultural and societal norms engendering guilt, shame, and embarrassment are likely etiological factors. Treatment may consist of antidepressant and/or antipsychotic medications, while some patients may also benefit from cognitive behavior therapy.展开更多
文摘Social cognition difficulties are well documented in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This clinical case study reports on social cognition assessment and treatment of a gifted child, SC (9 years), with ASD and an extraordinarily high verbal IQ (146). The assessment of theory of mind, emotion recognition and pragmatic abilities showed some weaknesses in these areas. The 4-month treatment was divided into 14 sessions and was aimed at helping SC to improve his abilities to recognize emotions and comprehend mental states. The main technique used in the intervention was “social reading” with video clips. The initial assessment was repeated after the treatment and in a follow up session. The results of this case study suggest that “social reading” can be considered as a beneficial technique for children with high-functioning ASD, and especially in giftedness conditions.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To determine the psychosocial problems, social acceptance and the impact of the costs of parents whose child has cancer. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study over two-year periods (from January 3, 2018 to March 31, 2020) in the pediatric oncology unit of clinics at the University of Lubumbashi, in DR Congo. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 129 parents of children with cancer in the pediatric oncology unit were included in our study. Most children with cancer (53%) were accompanied by their mothers who had a low level of education (53.0%). Emotional shock was the most observed reaction (68%) to the announcement of the disease (cancer). Retinoblastoma has had a significant economic impact on families without medical coverage. Only 38% received psychological support from parents. Sadness was the most common feeling (77%) of households. Support workers consider their relationship with the medical profession acceptable in 67% and difficult in 11%. The majority of parents (78%) felt that the time to provide medical care was longer than expected. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Parents of children with cancer had different feelings and reactions. This observation may be useful for the development of a health policy, in particular that of pediatric cancer in DR Congo.</span></span></span></span>
文摘Background: Category II tuberculosis (TB) patients (i.e. re-treatment TB patients) are at an increased risk for defaulting on treatment compared to Category I TB patients. Therefore, extra steps need to be taken to help Category II TB patients follow through with their treatment. The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of three different types of interventions to help improve treatment success rates among Category II patients. Materials and Methods: Three different interventions that were implemented among Category II TB patients in the Bardhaman, Hugli, Malda and Murshidabad districts in West Bengal, India, were: 1) setting up group patient provider meetings (PPMs), 2) making home visits and reinforcing the message of full course of treatment, and 3) linking poor TB patients to social welfare schemes (SWSs) to incentivize them to complete treatment. Results: PPMs and SWSs improved treatment success rates among Category II patients. The treatment success rates for patients who received PPMs and patients who received SWSs were 94.2% and 90.7%, respectively, compared to the 74.5% treatment success rate of patients who received no intervention. The effectiveness of home visits, however, depended on the number of home visits the patient received. Conclusion: PPMs and SWSs improve treatment success among Category II TB patients and may easily be incorporated in Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course programming as feasible ways. A conclusion regarding home visits, however, could not be drawn from this study.
文摘Taijin-Kyofu-Sho (TKS) has long been considered as a Japanese culture-bound form of social anxiety disorder, although subsequent case-reports from countries outside Japan have dispelled this notion. There are subtle yet distinct differences between TKS and DSM-defined social anxiety disorder (SAD). For instance, the TKS subject fears causing offence to others, whereas the SAD subject is more fearful of causing embarrassment to him/herself. Four sub-categories of TKS have been recognised of which the Jikoshu-kyofu variety resembles the olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) known to Western psychiatrists. There are two TKS subtypes, general (or simple) and offensive (delusional). The general subtype resembles social anxiety disorder, whereas the offensive subtype is characterised by delusions. True community-wide prevalence is unknown, although clinic studies estimate between 7.8% to 45.5% patients have a diagnosis of TKS, with a slight male preponderance. Cultural and societal norms engendering guilt, shame, and embarrassment are likely etiological factors. Treatment may consist of antidepressant and/or antipsychotic medications, while some patients may also benefit from cognitive behavior therapy.
