From social management to social governance: Evolution, characteristics and innovation

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC firstly required innovative social governance in 2013. This is the CPC's focus on safeguarding the fundamental interests of the majority of the people, to maximize social harmony, and to enhance the vitality of social development. The differences between governance and management are embodied in such as the governance system, legality, resource management, and comprehensive measures, etc. Compared with the way of social management, in which the government was used to controlling and ordering all social affairs, social governance pays more attention to the process of co-operations among different parties, to more emphasis on parties' co-operations and co-governance, with a continuous and interactive process of coordinated negotiations among multiple stakeholders. Social governance pays more emphasis on respect to social and political rights of members in the society, trying to stimulate the potential of social members, so that members of the community, in the process of social governance, have rights to speak, to choose and to influence; it pays more emphasis not only on maximizing autonomy of the social organizations and community, but also emphasizes the comprehensive use of a variety of means. The constructions of social governance system should mainly consist of four aspects: first, it is to improve the quality of social grassroots governance; second, it is to stimulate the vitality of social organizations; third, it tries to become an innovative and effective system to prevent and resolve social conflicts; fourth, it is to improve the public security system. To innovate the social management system, it is not only to achieve the transformation of the idea from control to service, but also to change the governance way from inflexible to flexible, thus, to finally form the social governance structure of Party leadership, government responsibility, social coordination,and public

Building Harmonious Community & Innovating Social Management and Services

Communities are the basic units as well as cell of the society. Community management and service is of fundamental significance for socia harmony, and also an important part of socia management innovation. Recent years

Psychological Contract within Labor Relation and Its Management Strategy

The paper argues that labor contracts between employees and organization includes two facets, i.e. economic contracts and psychological contracts, and along with enterprise competition becoming fierce increasingly and labor force becoming diversified all the more, the psychological contracts have crucial effects on employees＇ attitudes, behaviors and performances. We also argue that, under the challenging organization context, if managers want to make strategic partnership with employees, they must link employees with hearts, pay attention to the management of psychological contracts before, during and after signing labor contracts, and keep dynamic equilibrium of psychological contracts.

COVID-19: Challenges to GIS with Big Data

The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)has caused more than 100,000 people infected and thousands of deaths.Currently,the number of infections and deaths is still increasing rapidly.COVID-19 seriously threatens human health,production,life,social functioning and international relations.In the fight against COVID-19,Geographic Information Systems(GIS)and big data technologies have played an important role in many aspects,including the rapid aggregation of multi-source big data,rapid visualization of epidemic information,spatial tracking of confirmed cases,prediction of regional transmission,spatial segmentation of the epidemic risk and prevention level,balancing and management of the supply and demand of material resources,and socialemotional guidance and panic elimination,which provided solid spatial information support for decision-making,measures formulation,and effectiveness assessment of COVID-19 prevention and control.GIS has developed and matured relatively quickly and has a complete technological route for data preparation,platform construction,model construction,and map production.However,for the struggle against the widespread epidemic,the main challenge is finding strategies to adjust traditional technical methods and improve speed and accuracy of information provision for social management.At the data level,in the era of big data,data no longer come mainly from the government but are gathered from more diverse enterprises.As a result,the use of GIS faces difficulties in data acquisition and the integration of heterogeneous data,which requires governments,businesses,and academic institutions to jointly promote the formulation of relevant policies.At the technical level,spatial analysis methods for big data are in the ascendancy.Currently and for a long time in the future,the development of GIS should be strengthened to form a data-driven system for rapid knowledge acquisition,which signifies ts that GIS should be used to reinforce the social operation parameterization of models and methods,especially when providing support for social management.

Managing Social Performance A Case of Microfinance

Global financial crises might and should be recognized as a potential chance to introduce changes in managing our business, both in financial and other important private and/or public sectors. The prevailing opinion is that a lack of corporative social responsibility is one of the major reasons that lead to global crises occurrence. Nowadays, it is crucial to use the experiences of other industries and sectors which from their very beginning managed to balance finance and social goals at the same time. Microfinance sector is exactly one such sector. This paper is organized as follows： First, we give some overview of different approaches to measuring social performance of microfinance institutions. In this part of the paper we also accent the specifics of microfinance institutions-management within the context of double bottom line. In the second part we focus our analysis on practical implementation of ＂double bottom line management in Prizma MCO, one of the world pioneers in social performance management, by using their revolutionary poverty scorecard system. Then, we analyze how these social performance data are used in decision-making and how it affects overall performance of the organization. The paper is finished with some conclusions and lessons learned.

Research on the sustainable development of social security fund

At present, the social security fund has a serious problem in all aspects. This paper introduces the social security fund related background, elaborated the social security fund and social security fund related to sustainable development concept and its significance： analyzes the current situation of the social security fund and the problems that can realize sustainable development, the key lies in the internal operation mechanism of social security funds, especially the social security fund raising mechanism capacity and investment capacity, ability to pay and supervision ability; finally puts forward some countermeasures for promoting the sustainable development of the social security fund, the balance of the social security fund is the social security system of sustainable development conditions.

The Project System and the Mobilization of Basic Level Governments: A Sociological Study of the Project-oriented Operation of Social Management

Given the shortage of administrative resources at the basic level, higher level authorities are making more and more use of the project system to mobilize basic level local governments. Compared with the traditional bureaucratic system, the project system offers higher level departments centralized financial management power, special personnel arrangements and highly efficient mobilization procedures, enabling them to see results faster. The promotion of the project system in basic level governments has resulted in a restructuring of the bureaucratic system and has seen an internal government mobilization shift from ＂hierarchical mobilization＂ to ＂multiple-line mobilization＂ and a project-centered model of administrative resource allocation. In addition, the ＂self-aggrandizing＂ effect of the project system means that it has gone deep into the government system, where it has a sustained and increasing influence.

Lawyers in Social Dispute Resolution: How They Work and How to Prevent Their Negative Impact

Lawyers＇ participation in political life marks the maturity of a country＇s rule of law. Lawyers are well equipped to be engaged in public affairs, and should play a significant role in dispute resolution that goes beyond their role in dealing with individual cases. The legal profession functions in a variety of ways： participating in legislation and promoting legal progress; assuming responsibilities in government departments; influencing the formulation and implementation of just policies; acting as a bridge between the government and the public; responding to the claims of different interest groups; etc. At the same time, the legal profession has some negative impacts on the rule of law, as evidenced in the infiltration of commercialism into the profession, giving absolute priority to clients＇ interests, and excessive litigation. To keep these downsides under control, we need a legal culture and institutional basis that are a good fit with the rule of law. It is also necessary to update traditional mindsets, adopt rights-based standards, uphold the supremacy of the law, and promote the formation of a legal community.

Rational Understanding about Renaissance Path of China’s Road and Bridge Engineering

At the turn of this century, China began the largest road and bridge development in the world, which has virtuously interacted with the social and economic development and has elevated the engineering technology to world-class level. Surveying the development of world transportation, and comparing the road and bridge construction efforts of Europe, U.S.A, Japan and China, general experiences of success can be derived as follows: It is greatly beneficial to give priority to transportation for economic development; it takes national strategy and social action to build up a transportation network; demand and innovation are the driving forces to upgrade road and bridge technology; management innovation and quality assurance can greatly improve development caliber. While rationally acknowledging China’s transportation infrastructure achievements, we should reflect on issues with Chinese characteristics that have affected quality and efficiency, expose all construction practices that violate scientific law, overall management defects in road and bridge construction and maintenance, and search for new ways to strengthen social management and the creation of a healthy soft environment.