Correlative Expression of Glutathion S-Transferase-π and Multidrug Resistance Associated Protein in Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma

In order to elucidate the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bladder cancer, the expression of glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) and multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) in tissue samples resected from 44 patients and 6 normal bladder mucosa as control was de- tected by using immunohistochemical method, and the results were analyzed by computer-assisted im- age analyzing system (IAS) to achieve semi-quantitative data. In addition, correlation between the expression of both factors was studied. The results showed that the positive expression rate of GST- π and MRP in bladder cancer was 72. 7 % (32/44) and 68. 2 % (30/44) respectively, significantly higher than those in normal bladder mucosa, being 16. 7% and 33. 3% respectively. The rate of GST-πpositive staining was increased correspondingly with tumor grade and stage elevated, being higher in recurrent tumors treated by chemotherapy, but not significantly (P>0. 05). There was no significant differences between the expression of MRP and tumors' behaviors and clinical characters. However, the results demonstrated that the correlation between the expression of both resistant fac- tors was very evident (r=0. 695, P<0. 0025). It was suggested that the activation of GST-π and MRP might occur during malignant transformation of normal mucosa, but tumors' differentiation and progression could not be the unique factors that influenced both overexpression. Chemotherapy might be another important reason. The correlation of both indicated that there was a common mech- anism regulating their expression probably, which made them play a pivotal role in chemotherapy drug resistance of bladder cancers.

Energy-Efficient User Association in Heterogeneous Networks with M2M/H2H Coexistence under QoS Guarantees

In this paper, we propose an energy efficient user association scheme for uplink heterogeneous networks with machine-to-machine(M2M) and human-to-human(H2H) coexistence. A group based random access protocol is designed for massive number of machine-typecommunications(MTC) user equipments'(UEs) transmissions. A user association problem for UEs' energy efficiency maximization is formulated considering the HTC UEs' quality of service(QoS) guarantees and load balance among multiple BSs, simultaneously. A distributed iterative algorithm is developed to solve the optimization problem. In addition, the convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme outperforms other schemes in terms of energy efficiency and QoS guarantees.

Acupuncture Treatment of Neurological Disorders——With Illustrative Cases From China

The present book,entitled AcupunctureTreatment of Neurological Disorders(WithIllustrative Cases From China),is a newlypublished English book as the first syste-matic monograph on neurological disorderstreated by acupuncture.It presents in

中国半导体产业正式拥抱世界

中国半导体工业协会CSIA (Semiconductor Industry As- sociation in China)已经开始申请加入世界半导体协会,并于6月14 日正式签订协议,这是中国半导体工业史上的大事,反映国际半导体产业不能离开中国,而中国也需要融合至全球半导体业中去。

Students＇ motivation for architecture education in Uganda

Understanding the persistence and success of students has gained increasing attention to unravel the ＂architectural education black-box.＂ However, the motivation and pre- socialization of incoming students were largely ignored as these factors fell outside the direct control of architecture schools. Motivational factors can affect the educational process given that the values, expectations, and career-related goals of incoming students influence their attitudes to education. This study seeks to uncover the motivational factors of applicants to an architecture program in East Africa and appreciate those factors that lead students into architecture as a career choice. Through qualitative content analysis, the study revealed the motivational factors of applicants, which were classified into four groups： educational, external, personal, and prestige. These factors were comparable with those found in previous studies conducted in Europe and North America, but nevertheless highlight contextual variances unique to the region. The findings raise questions of the role architecture education in engaging incoming students in discourse that aids their understanding of architecture and architectural education.

Impacts of radiofrequency ablation on quality of life of atrial fibrillation patients with low CHA_2DS_2-VASc score

Objective CHADS2and CHA2DS2-VASc scores are two widely used systems for evaluating the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).The Quality of life(Qo L)after a single radiofrequency ablation(RFA)in AF patients with low CHADS2score has been established.This study was designed to further explore the association between the Qo L and AF patients with

Pathological changes of the livers from 39 patients with hepatic failure

Objective To explore the pathological changes of the livers from hepatic failure (HF) patients and its association with clinical disease stages. Methods Thirtynine patients with liver failure caused by HBV infections were investigated, and none accompanied with hepatocellular carcinoma. The sections of tissue were taken from the liver after liver transplantation and stained with hematoxylin -eosin (H&E) or RT (reticular fiber) staining. The pathological features were analyzed and compared between the clinical and pathological diagnosis.