Socio-economic vulnerability level in the Jeneberang watershed in Gowa Regency,South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia

Jeneberang watershed is vital,particularly for people living in Gowa Regency(South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia),who benefit from its many advantages.Landslides and floods occur every year in the Jeneberang watershed,so it is imperative to understand the socio-economic vulnerability of this region.This research aims to identify the vulnerability level of the Jeneberang watershed so that the government can prioritize areas with high vulnerability level and formulate effective strategies to reduce these the vulnerability.Specifically,this study was conducted in 12 districts located in the Jeneberang watershed.The primary data were collected from questionnaires completed by community members,community leaders,and various stakeholders,and the secondary data were from the Landsat satellite imagery in 2020,the Badan Push Statistic of Gowa Regency,and some governmental agencies.The socio-economic vulnerability variables were determined using the Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)method,and each variable was weighted and analyzed using the Geographical Information System(GIS).The study reveals that the levels of socio-economic vulnerability are affected by variables such as population density,vulnerable groups(disabled people,elderly people,and young people),road network and settlement,percentage of poor people,and productive land area in the Jeneberang watershed.Moreover,all of the 12 districts in the Jeneberang watershed are included in the medium vulnerability level,with the mean percentage of socio-economic vulnerability around 50.92%.The socio-economic vulnerability of Bajeng,Pallangga,and Somba Opu districts is categorized at high level,the socio-economic vulnerability of Bungaya,Parangloe,and Tombolo Pao districts is classified as medium level,and the remaining 6 districts(Barombong,Bontolempangan,Bontomarannu,Manuju,Parigi,and Tinggimoncong)are ranked as low socio-economic vulnerability.This study can help policy-makers to formulate strategy that contributes to the protection of biodiversity and sustainable development of the Jeneberang watershed,while improving disaster resilience and preparedness of the watershed.

Socioenvironmental Drivers of Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change Risk in Agroforestry Parklands of West Atacora in Benin (West Africa)

Throughout the world, climate change is threatening the human population. In West Africa, smallholder farmers in indigenous agricultural societies typically hold considerable knowledge. Therefore, this study was conducted in West Atacora of Benin Republic to assess the drivers of farmers’ perceptions of climate change risk. We used a random sampling technique to select 360 households’ heads who were interviewed regarding different climate change risks perception. Binomial logistic regression was used to assess the drivers of farmers’ perceptions of climate change risks. The results showed that the farmers in drier areas had a higher perception of the global risk of climate change than those in humid areas. The same trend was observed for the seven different individual’s climate change risk investigated. The study identified also membership of farm organizations as main sociodemographic characteristic that explains farmers’ perception of climate change risk perception. These findings are helpful tools to sensitize the local people on climate change risk and cope with the risk in agricultural lands.

Research of Socio-Pragmatic Failures in Cross-Cultural Communication

Dozens of studies on socio-pragmatic failures carried out over the past 20 years have yielded rich on this research subject. The paper makes a specific illustration on the reasons of the socio-pragmatic failures that English learners encounter in crosscultural communication. It also analyzes all the possible factors which might cause miscomprehension in cross-cultural communication. The goal is to explore some effective approaches to handle these socio-pragmatic failures in cross-cultural communication.

Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Obesity among Adolescents in Secondary School in Onitsha, South East Nigeria

Background: The prevalence of obesity among adolescent has been on the increase worldwide. This is probably a result of increase in the sedentary life style and the increasing shift to western diet. Obesity in children and adolescents has adverse consequences. These include increase in the rate of Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, etc with resultant increase in premature deaths. Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with overweight and obesity in apparently healthy secondary school adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of secondary school adolescents aged 10 - 19 years randomly selected from two public schools and three private schools. The weight and heights of study subjects were measured using standard equipment. Body mass index (BMI) was appropriately calculated and the WHO growth reference standard for age and gender, specific percentile for BMI was used to define overweight 85th to 97th and obese (97th percentile and above). Results: Data were initially collected from 1250 participants, but 52 were excluded due to improperly completed questionnaires. Thus, a total of 1198 students were ultimately included in the study, giving a response rate of 95.8%. These included 621 females (51.8%) and 577 males (48.2%) aged 10 - 19 years giving a F:M ratio of 1:0.9. The mean age of the students was 15.07 ± 1.96 years overall, 15.13 ± 2.08 years for males and 15.03 ± 1.83 years for females. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female in the distribution of age groups (p = 0.12). The mean BMI was 21.51 ± 3.57 kg/m2 for females and 20.22 ± 3.16 kg/m2 for males. The BMI was significantly higher in females in all age groups (p < 0.001) except those aged 10 - p = 0.13). The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were higher in females than males (17.7% vs 10.7%, 5.6% vs 4.5% respectively;p ≤ 12 yrs;p = 0.04). The frequent consumption of sugar based beverages (p p p = 0.03) were significantly associated with both overweight and obesity (p p p < 0.001) were also significantly associated with obesity. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors such as gender, socioeconomic status and behavioral patterns were major contributors to obesity. Behavioral interventions including regulating the intake of sugar based beverages and reducing the time spent on sedentary activities could be useful strategies in reducing the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents.

Socio-Economic and Technical Characteristics of Beef Cattle Breeding in Ndé Division, West Region of Cameroon

Insight is here provided into the socio-economic and technical characteristics of cattle production in the Ndé Division (West Cameroon region). Using a semi-structured questionnaire, information on the activity was assessed following onsite visits and interviewing breeders. Through a random sampling scheme, 110 breeders in the four subdivisions of the Ndé Division were shadowed. The majority (98.18%) of breeders were men aged 20 to 40 and married (91.82%). They belong to the Mbororo ethnic group, having cumulated more than 10 years in the activity. Most respondents (50.91%) did not attend school and earn their living mainly from livestock (78.18%). Cattle were raised for sale and to feed the breeder’s family (77.27%). The main mode of acquisition of animals was through inheritance (81.82%). The cattle breeds were mostly made up of white Fulani (70%), living in private farms using a combination of stake and barbed wires (67.27%) as fences. The combination of natural fodder and cooking salt was used by most breeders (59.09%) as a daily ration. Reproduction was by natural mating (97.07%). Parasites (internal and external) and foot-and-mouth disease were the main diseases reported by the majority of farmers. Self-treatment (50%) was the main prophylactic measure taken by farmers in case of disease symptoms. Cattle herders faced several challenges, such as insufficient pasture (67.27%), agro-pastoral conflicts (76.36%) and diseases (90.91%). Cattle breeding was rather a widespread activity with no particular restriction.

Socio-Cultural Representations and Therapeutic Itineraries of Parents of Autistic Children Followed in the INSP’s Children’s Mental Health Services

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) remain little known to populations in developing countries. In black Africa their social representations remain strongly influenced by local belief systems. The general objective of this study was to understand the perceptions and representations of Ivorian parents vis-à-vis PDD. This was a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) prospective cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim that involved a sample of 49 parents. The sampling was of the qualitative type by multiple cases with reasoned choice by saturation. Our results showed that male parents were mostly aged between 40 - 49 years (48.98%) with a higher level of education (67.34%) while mothers were mostly aged between 30 - 39 (61.22%) and a higher level (30.61%). Autistic children were negatively perceived by their parents: either as a source of psychological suffering (82.85%), or as mysterious children who sacrificed their parents (44.66%), or as “bobo” children (mute children in common Ivorian language) (16.66%) or like rude children (13.34%). The supposed origin of the disorder according to the parents was mystical-religious (60.94%);natural (25%);hereditary (6.25%). In 6.25% of cases, PDD were assumed to be of unknown or iatrogenic origin attributable to vaccination (1.56%). 75.51% of parents said that in addition to conventional medical therapies, they also used traditional therapies. The use of this therapeutic alternative would be linked to the perceptions and beliefs that feed the socio-cultural representations of our respondents.

Socio-Demographic Factors, Clinical Characteristics and Maternal Prognosis of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy at Panzi General Referral Hospital

Background: Hypertensive disease in pregnancy is an important cause of morbidity, long-term disability, and maternal and neonatal mortality. The aim is to determine the socio-demographic characteristics and maternal prognosis of these women with Hypertension during pregnancy. Material and Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study, we interview patients and after discussion we transcripts in a database in Excel software before analysis with SPSS version 20.0 and Stata 14.0 The qualitative variables have been summarised by the Percentage and the quantitative variables will be summarised by Means and Standard Deviation. The associations of the variables were calculated by Pearson’s chi-square test with a significance level set at a p-value Result: The average age of the patients was 30.33 ± 7.020 years, 92.1% were married, 79.8% lived in urban areas, most of the patients were overweight (43%), 92.1% of them had monofetal pregnancies, 36% were multiparous, 34.2% had a previous history of preeclampsia in pregnancy and 14% were known to have hypertension. Pre-eclampsia was the most frequent form of hypertension in pregnancy with 73.68% of cases and represents 84.8% of severe forms of hypertension in pregnancy, 53.4% of the patients delivered vaginally. Eclampsia was the most frequent complication in our patients with 31.7% frequency and among the socio-demographic parameters, age and body mass index were significantly associated with maternal complications. Conclusion: Maternal age and body mass index are important socio-demographic factors associated with the occurrence of maternal complications in women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Socio-Economic Characteristics of Three Artisanal Fisheries Communities in the Northern Sudanese Red Sea Coast

Socio-economic characteristics related to fishing gears and boats from three selected small-scale fishers’ communities (Oseif, Dungonab and Mohammed Qol) in the northern part of the Sudanese Red Sea coast were studied. The study was designed to provide base line data and information on the current socio-economic situation, factors that determine the use of fishing gear, types of boats and fishing equipment, challenges facing fishers and the extent to which fishing gear and boats are related with the socio-economic characteristics of the fishers community in the study sites. Fieldwork was carried out during 2016. The study methods included a series of interviews based on questionnaires, field observations and focus group discussions. The results of the study showed that the most common fishing gears are handlines, cast nets and gillnets. The two types of boats used at the study sites are motorized fiberglass and houri (motorized and paddled) with a V-shaped hull. Boat ownership varies among fishers. Each fisher can have several types of gears in different numbers. Target fish species, season, efficiency of gear and fishing location were the main factors determining the use of fishing gear at study sites, respectively. All fishers are men and most have families of at least four people. The majority of fishers are between 21 and 50 years old and work mainly in fishing. They inherited fishing knowledge within the family, and most of them have been working in artisanal fishing for more than 10 years. Fishers have relatively good net incomes compared to other government employers in the study sites. Most fishers work full time in fishing. A small number of fishers work part-time with the possibility of undertaking other income-generating activities such as animal husbandry and seasonal agriculture. The main challenges identified by fishers at the study sites were fish prices, sea surface roughness and high cost of fishing materials, respectively. Most fishers perceived a recent decline in both catch size and abundance.

高质量发展导向下大城市社会空间分异格局及调控策略——以广州为例

城市社会空间分异是城乡规划领域的经典议题。以广州市为例,根据人口普查数据和人群画像数据等,聚焦城市内部各街区,通过对居住空间类型与社会群体分布和公共服务设施配置的关联分析,深入探究中心城区社会空间分异特征及现存问题,进而提出城市社会空间高质量均衡发展的调控策略。研究发现,广州市中心城区在居住空间类型方面以商品房街区和城中村街区为主,老旧街区占比较小,呈现出明显的居住空间分异特征,且三类街区的居民在年龄、受教育程度、收入、消费水平等社会经济特征方面差异显著;各类公共服务设施供给水平在不同社会群体及三类街区之间亦表现出明显的不均衡性;在城市历史发展惯性、城市规划引导、房地产发展的共同影响下,广州市中心城区呈现出“圈层+斑块”的社会空间结构。为缓解中国快速城镇化进程中大城市出现的社会空间维度不均衡发展的问题,从可负担住房保障和公共服务设施布局两方面提出相关调控策略,为推动城市高质量发展提供研究支撑。

Community Perceptions and Socio-Demographic Influence on Trophy Hunting in Rungwa Game Reserve, Tanzania

The trophy hunting industry in Tanzania plays a significant role in wildlife conservation as well as economic and community development. Trophy hunting has been conducted in Rungwa Game Reserve (RGR) for several decades;however, the trophy hunting opinions from the local communities living adjacent to the reserve are not well documented. This study aimed to assess the awareness and attitudes of local communities living adjacent to Rungwa Game Reserves toward trophy hunting. Furthermore, the study assessed factors that influenced the opinions of participants by using structural equation modeling. We used semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews in the three villages adjacent to RGR. The local communities are aware of existing hunting operations around the game reserves. The study found positive attitudes among local communities toward trophy hunting, only if local people accrue benefits from hunting operations. The community’s attitudes towards trophy hunting varied across household size and occupation. Education and household position had an indirect influence on the community’s attitude. Our findings suggest that socio-demographic variables are important to consider when assessing awareness and attitudes toward trophy hunting. Local communities are willing to support trophy hunting operations if the benefits obtained from hunting are significant and it can improve wildlife conservation and their livelihood. In conclusion, trophy hunting is important to local communities living adjacent to protected areas, and banning them may have a significant impact on their livelihood and wildlife conservation. Therefore, it is recommended that conservation policies and interventions consider the dual significance of trophy hunting, fostering strategies that balance socio-economic benefits for communities and wildlife conservation.

数字创业生态系统特性:维度探析与量表开发

作为数字技术时代涌现的一种新生态系统范式,数字创业生态系统吸引了实务界和学术界的极大关注。然而,相关研究仍处于探索阶段,对数字创业生态系统特性的清晰认识以及相应的测量量表较为匮乏,需要进一步研究以推动相关领域发展。本文应用社会技术系统理论,结合探索性多案例研究与理论分析,以长沙马栏山视频文创园和杭州云栖小镇内企业为案例样本,提炼数字创业生态系统特性的3个维度分别为灵活性、融合性和衍生性。在此基础上,通过理论归纳形成初始量表,并应用实证研究方法对100份预调研问卷数据和413份正式调研问卷数据进行分析,最终开发出符合信效度检验的数字创业生态系统特性量表。研究结果有助于完善相关领域对数字创业生态系统特性的整体性见解,为构建数字创业生态系统理论奠定基础,并通过提供相应的测量工具,有益于数字创业生态系统领域由理论探究延伸至实证分析研究。同时,也为企业管理者、数字创业生态系统构建者和相关部门提供实践参考。

社会意向与教育发展的价值共演——论SSI教育实践与未来发展

随着新课标颁布,跨学科主题教学受到广泛重视。作为STEM教育等跨学科模式的补充,SSI教育重新被业界人士关注,以期补充其他跨学科教育类型的不足。SSI教育注重科学性、人文性与伦理性等方面,有助于促进学生面对真实社会问题时的高阶思维能力与科学情感态度及价值观的养成,从最初的议题中心教学发展至今已历经百年实践。相比其他形态,SSI教育具有议题选择的社会多元性、教学模式的样态独特性、思维发展的论辩冲突性,旨在为更高质量的育人目标提供路径支持。但本土化实践仍需结合新课标的导向要求,探索社会发展重大议题的适时融入、教师跨学科教学知识信念的强化赋能、人工智能支持下的新型教学模式建构等进行有机统整,融会贯通,实现当前社会情境要求下的教育综合育人目标。

社会—空间视角下城市层级社区规划研究

社区作为城市社会空间的基本单元,是推进规划建设治理精细化的重要载体和行动单元。近年来大量社区尺度更新和规划实践有效提升了基层人居环境品质,但也暴露出城市宏观战略与基层微观行动之间缺乏有效对接、传统规划技术路径难以应对精细化治理要求等突出问题,为社区规划体系建设和规划研究方法带来挑战。提出应构建“市区—街镇—社村”多层级社区规划体系,并聚焦城市层级社区规划,明确其定位、总体思路和工作框架,进而以四川省成都市温江区社区发展规划项目为例,提出社会—空间视角下全要素综合、多主体联动、全过程参与的工作框架和技术路径。

多层级视角下基础研究社会-技术系统的主体、要素及作用机制

基础研究是整个科学体系的源头,其创新发展和突破将从根本上助推国家创新能力和国际科技竞争力提升,也是中国“加快建设科技强国,实现高水平科技自立自强”的根本前提。本文从社会-技术系统角度出发,运用多层级视角分析框架,探讨中国基础研究社会-技术系统的构成主体和构成要素,在此基础上系统分析基础研究社会-技术系统景观层、体制层和利基层三个层级协同互动推动基础研究创新的作用机制,以及三个层级的多重要素协同并发促进基础研究创新的作用机制。研究结果表明:推进基础研究需要基础研究社会-技术系统各个层级之间相互协调配合,要加强景观环境的引导和利基空间的防护培育,还应当注重体制层系统多维度的变革和调整,以突破基础研究社会-技术体制的路径依赖和锁定。

基于社会生态学模型的孕妇身体活动影响因素网络分析

目的:基于社会生态学模型,通过网络分析技术构建孕妇身体活动影响因素的网络结构,同时挖掘核心因素,为开发孕妇身体活动促进方案提供借鉴。方法:采用便利抽样法,于2022年8月至2023年1月选取广州市某三级甲等医院产科门诊行常规产检的602名孕妇为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、孕期身体活动问卷和孕妇身体活动影响因素问卷进行调查。采用网络分析法构建孕妇身体活动影响因素的网络结构。结果:孕妇身体活动的总当量为(106.68±92.80)MET·h/周。59.4%的孕妇未达到指南推荐的身体活动标准。网络分析结果显示,孕妇身体活动影响因素中的个体、人际和环境因素分别形成3个集群,但彼此紧密联系,各因素之间互相影响。其中“我对妊娠期健康的重视程度”具有最大的强度、紧密度和中介度。结论:半数以上的孕妇身体活动不足,孕妇对妊娠期健康的重视程度是网络中最核心的因素。临床医护人员应从孕妇个体、人际和环境因素多角度出发,开展以提高孕妇对妊娠期健康重视程度为核心的身体活动促进方案。

女性·社会性·互文性——安妮·埃尔诺的自我书写

2022年诺贝尔文学奖得主安妮·埃尔诺近半个世纪的写作始终围绕“自我”展开,但她根植于个体经验的集体记忆书写有别于传统的自传和自我虚构,带有鲜明的女性、社会性和互文性特征。她的“自我民族志”“社会自传”用敏锐精准的观察和简洁平白的文风,揭露并反思了性别等级、社会差异和阶级“区隔”导致的“象征性暴力”。通过这种历时与共时、自生与外生、反复与差异的叙事手法和互文本游戏,安妮·埃尔诺将自身的创作汇入文学和历史的记忆之场中。

重访非洲文学语言之争——一个社会历史的视角

语言问题是非洲现代英语文学批评和理论中的焦点问题之一。表面上,非洲文学的语言论争是关于使用英语等欧洲语言还是非洲语言进行文学创作的论战,但它包含语言媒介与非洲审美经验表达、英语与民族团结、文化认同、非洲文学向谁言说等多重维度。它的实质是语言政治和文学功用的问题。从这个角度看,位于论争两端的阿契贝和恩古吉的分歧,不单纯是语言选择的问题。它反映了两人政治倾向和意识形态的冲突,折射出尼日利亚和肯尼亚文化精英对独立后社会未来和共同体的不同想象。

新质生产力:社会经济高质量发展的动力机制与创新路径

习近平总书记根据时代发展需求提出新质生产力,这是中国共产党政治经济思想的又一重要理论创新。新质生产力不仅有助于培育高端生产要素、推动产业结构的优化与升级,还能促进不同产业间的互动联通,激发创新生态系统的构建,为社会经济的高质量发展注入强大动力。在当前百年未有之大变局中,确保国家经济与社会的稳健发展与强大是时代赋予的重大课题,聚焦新质生产力推进社会经济高质量发展的动力机制与创新路径具有重大现实意义。首先,从马克思主义政治经济学理论视角出发,深入阐释了新质生产力的内涵与其形成的内在机制;其次,通过分析生产要素、组织形态、产业质态和科技创新四个维度,揭示了这些要素如何协同促进社会经济的高质量发展;最后,建议从强化宏观层面设计规划、快速构建现代化产业体系、重构企业发展模式、重塑新质人才发展平台等路径出发,推动新质生产力持续为社会经济高质量发展注入活力。

社会空间分异视角下成都市卫生资源配置公平性研究

目的:探讨基于社会空间分异视角下城市不同区域的卫生资源配置公平性,为城镇化背景下的城市卫生资源合理配置提供重要依据。方法:利用第七次人口普查数据,通过因子、聚类与判别分析探讨成都市社会空间分异情况;描述社会空间分异视角下成都市2020年卫生资源配置现状,利用基尼系数与泰尔指数从人口、经济和地理维度进行公平性评价。结果:在区县尺度成都市社会空间可划分为三类社会区。2020年社会区一每千人口床位数、卫技人员、执业(助理)医师和注册护士为8.82张、13.00人、4.71人、6.38人;社会区二分别为3.90张、5.39人、2.19人、2.47人;社会区三为8.36张、7.16人、2.64人、3.19人;各项卫生资源按人口、经济配置的基尼系数介于0.2~0.4,按地理配置的基尼系数都超过0.5;按人口、地理、经济配置的社会区内部差异贡献率分别介于45.42%~51.23%、30.37%~39.98%、78.81%~93.38%。结论:成都市社会空间分异显著,各社会区卫生资源配置水平及不同维度公平性存在差异。进行卫生资源规划时,还需考虑人口社会特征、区域经济和地理因素,兼顾不同维度的卫生资源公平性。

国土空间规划体系下的“标准化”水生态韧性研究模式重构

在国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的背景下,国土空间治理向整体性治理转移,国土空间规划向整体性管理规划转变。有必要制定标准化的专项规划研究模式,确保专项规划研究成果与国土空间规划的融合,促进国土空间规划体系建设,提升国土空间治理现代化水平。在国土空间规划体系建设要求下,重构“标准化”水生态韧性研究模式。首先,回顾现有研究成果,总结水生态韧性评价、规划策略和规划实施保障体系等方面的研究不足;其次,总结并分析全过程传导、全域全要素、全空间覆盖、全周期管理等国土空间规划体系建设要求;再次,基于国土空间规划体系建设要求,重构“标准化”水生态韧性研究模式,包括全过程传导的水生态韧性研究步骤、全域全要素的水生态韧性评价体系、全空间覆盖的水生态韧性规划策略、全周期管理的水生态韧性规划实施保障等4部分;最后,提出“标准化”水生态韧性研究模式的技术路径。重构的研究模式为实证研究和其他生态韧性研究提供理论与方法基础。