For the purpose of accommodating the relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the development of local society and economy,this paper,taking Dalian Chengshantou Nature Reserve as a study area and PRA ...For the purpose of accommodating the relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the development of local society and economy,this paper,taking Dalian Chengshantou Nature Reserve as a study area and PRA as a main research method,investigated and analyzed the status of social and economical development and the existing problems in the study area. The result shows that: the contradictory between the protection of nature reserve and the local development of social and economical activities are still prominent,and the principle of " integration of protection and reasonable development" proposed by the general plan of nature reserve has not reached the expected result.Therefore,further efforts should be made firstly to accommodating relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the local development activities,secondly to accelerating the development of eco-tourism and the relevant service industries in accordance with the local practical situations,and finally to promoting the sustainable development of both the protection of nature reserve and the local society and economy.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Riparian forests ecosystems play significant role in biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem goods and services which support local livelihoods. However,...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Riparian forests ecosystems play significant role in biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem goods and services which support local livelihoods. However, riparian ecosystems are threatened by degradation attributed to anthropogenic activities. Understanding the interaction between anthropogenic activities and socio-economic factors, and their associated impact on riparian degradation is essential for designing appropriate management strategies for these ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive degradation and their implication on conservation of River Lumi riparian ecosystem. Semi-structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and key informant interviews were used to collect the data. The findings indicate that crop farming and livestock production were the main sources of livelihood practiced by 84% and 70% of the households respectively. Consequently, agricultural intensification resulting from increased demand for agricultural commodities (33%), over-grazing coupled with influx of livestock from private ranches and neighbouring pastoralist Maasai community (20%), and deforestation fuelled by population increase (17%) were the main drivers of degradation in River Lumi riparian ecosystem. The findings indicate that about 91% of the adjacent communities are dependent on River Lumi for their sustenance and their livelihoods will be affected by continued degradation of the riparian ecosystem;thus there is need for development of appropriate management strategies including sustainable livelihood systems to conserve River Lumi riparian ecosystem.</span>展开更多
Notably, the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) project is the pioneer Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant in Nigeria, aimed at both the diversification of the petroleum industry and utilization of the vastly flared n...Notably, the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) project is the pioneer Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant in Nigeria, aimed at both the diversification of the petroleum industry and utilization of the vastly flared natural gas resources of the nation. However, large scale energy projects have been known to generate both positive and/or negative impacts. Environmental Management Plans (EMP) have often been the compendium of information on approved mitigations, which normally include activities that could maximize the benefits of the host communities, and it’s not unusual for the Community Development and Corporate Social Responsibility (CDCSR) department of such an organization to be saddled with these contributions. But the activities of Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s CSR department have often been the source of criticism, as well as aspiration for improvement by host communities and other stake holders. This article thus aims to present a comprehensive compendium of NLNG’s CDCSR activities, up to the year 2010, and also highlight the level of satisfaction of the immediate and distant host communities against the level of performance of other donors in the area. Also the arrays of negative socio-economic consequences of the Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s activities were identified based on community perception. The results generally showed that comparatively, NLNG project has made more innovative positive socio-economic and health contributions to its areas of operation than the three tiers of government and other donors (including SPDC and Mobil Producing Nigeria). Surprisingly, agitations against Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s activities have not overshadowed its community development provisions, which have been of major assistance in several communities. There is however a dire need to review several aspects of Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s CDCSR activities, especially in the fulfilment of documented promises, as well as in project conception and community participation, for better completed projects acceptance by indigenous host communities. Conflict management strategies also need to be improved, while the dissatisfaction over benefits in New Finima needs to be urgently addressed.展开更多
Hydrological models are often linked with other models in cognate sciences to understand the interactions among climate, earth, water, ecosystem, and human society. This paper presents the development and implementati...Hydrological models are often linked with other models in cognate sciences to understand the interactions among climate, earth, water, ecosystem, and human society. This paper presents the development and implementation of a decision support system(DSS) that links the outputs of hydrological models with real-time decision making on social-economic assessments and land use management. Discharge and glacier geometry changes were simulated with hydrological model, water availability in semiarid environments. Irrigation and ecological water were simulated by a new commercial software MIKE HYDRO. Groundwater was simulated by MODFLOW. All the outputs of theses hydrological models were taken as inputs into the DSS in three types of links: regression equations, stationary data inputs, or dynamic data inputs as the models running parallel in the simulation periods. The DSS integrates the hydrological data, geographic data, social and economic statistical data, and establishes the relationships with equations, conditional statements and fuzzy logics. The programming is realized in C++. The DSS has four remarkable features:(1) editable land use maps to assist decision-making;(2) conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources;(3) interactions among water, earth, ecosystem, and humans; and(4) links with hydrological models. The overall goal of the DSS is to combine the outputs of scientific models, knowledge of experts, and perspectives of stakeholders, into a computer-based system, which allows sustainability impact assessment within regional planning; and to understand ecosystem services and integrate them into land and water management.展开更多
城市湖泊作为城市与自然之间进行水气交换的蓝色空间,具有供水、防洪、休闲、气候调节以及改善城市生态环境等诸多生态服务功能。中国地域辽阔、城市众多,不同区域的城市湖泊受自然地理环境和社会经济发展等因素的影响而具有显著的空间...城市湖泊作为城市与自然之间进行水气交换的蓝色空间,具有供水、防洪、休闲、气候调节以及改善城市生态环境等诸多生态服务功能。中国地域辽阔、城市众多,不同区域的城市湖泊受自然地理环境和社会经济发展等因素的影响而具有显著的空间差异特征。目前已有研究对我国省会城市和个别大型城市的湖泊空间分布及变化特征等开展研究,但全国范围内各行政等级单元内城市湖泊分布的空间格局及其影响因素仍缺乏综合分析。本研究基于中国城市湖泊数据集,从城市分布的地域单元、行政等级、城市规模3个方面对城市湖泊分布特征进行统计分析和比较,并结合自然和人类活动要素,初步探讨影响城市湖泊分布规模和丰度的主控因子。结果表明,2020年全国共有约11万个面积大于0.001 km 2城市湖泊(不包括太湖、滇池等大型湖泊),总面积约2112 km 2,约占全国城市(遥感城市不透水层区域)面积的1.1%。城市湖泊的分布具有显著的集聚和分异特征,数量超过70%的城市湖泊分布在约20%的县(区)级行政单元,约21%的县(区)级行政单元基本没有(<10 m遥感影像分辨率下10个像元)城市湖泊分布。城市湖泊数量最多的县(区)级单元是天津市滨海新区,数量达到了1846个,而武汉市洪山区拥有的城市湖泊的面积最大,达到了67.2 km 2。总体上,城市等级更高的省会城市拥有更加密集城市湖泊分布,其湖泊密度(湖泊面积/城市面积)达到了1.6%,显著高于地级市的1.3%和县(区)级单元的0.8%。经统计分析,城市湖泊的分布与温度、降水、人口、GDP和城市面积呈现显著正相关,与城市海拔和地形起伏度呈强负相关。统计回归模型分析结果表明,城市面积、降水、GDP和地形起伏度是影响我国城市湖泊空间分异特征的主控因子。本研究将为全面认识我国城市湖泊的分布特征提供科学参考,为城市湖泊的资源利用和生态环境保护提供地理本底信息。展开更多
There is a need to find a comprehensive approach focusing on the conflicts between economical growth and environmental protection. Chinese scholars advocate a comprehensive ecosystem viewpoint named social-economic-na...There is a need to find a comprehensive approach focusing on the conflicts between economical growth and environmental protection. Chinese scholars advocate a comprehensive ecosystem viewpoint named social-economic-natural complex ecosystem(SENCE). The kernel of the concept lies in the hierarchical structure of SENCE, through which methods from ecological network can be useful to the compound system. The author gives a schema depicting its structure, following a made analysis to help understand the reliance of economy on ecosystem. It is obvious that more actions should be done to strive for sustainable development.展开更多
基金Supported by Commissioned Project of Dalian Chengshantou Coastal Landform National Nature Reserve Administration
文摘For the purpose of accommodating the relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the development of local society and economy,this paper,taking Dalian Chengshantou Nature Reserve as a study area and PRA as a main research method,investigated and analyzed the status of social and economical development and the existing problems in the study area. The result shows that: the contradictory between the protection of nature reserve and the local development of social and economical activities are still prominent,and the principle of " integration of protection and reasonable development" proposed by the general plan of nature reserve has not reached the expected result.Therefore,further efforts should be made firstly to accommodating relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the local development activities,secondly to accelerating the development of eco-tourism and the relevant service industries in accordance with the local practical situations,and finally to promoting the sustainable development of both the protection of nature reserve and the local society and economy.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Riparian forests ecosystems play significant role in biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem goods and services which support local livelihoods. However, riparian ecosystems are threatened by degradation attributed to anthropogenic activities. Understanding the interaction between anthropogenic activities and socio-economic factors, and their associated impact on riparian degradation is essential for designing appropriate management strategies for these ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive degradation and their implication on conservation of River Lumi riparian ecosystem. Semi-structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and key informant interviews were used to collect the data. The findings indicate that crop farming and livestock production were the main sources of livelihood practiced by 84% and 70% of the households respectively. Consequently, agricultural intensification resulting from increased demand for agricultural commodities (33%), over-grazing coupled with influx of livestock from private ranches and neighbouring pastoralist Maasai community (20%), and deforestation fuelled by population increase (17%) were the main drivers of degradation in River Lumi riparian ecosystem. The findings indicate that about 91% of the adjacent communities are dependent on River Lumi for their sustenance and their livelihoods will be affected by continued degradation of the riparian ecosystem;thus there is need for development of appropriate management strategies including sustainable livelihood systems to conserve River Lumi riparian ecosystem.</span>
文摘Notably, the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) project is the pioneer Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant in Nigeria, aimed at both the diversification of the petroleum industry and utilization of the vastly flared natural gas resources of the nation. However, large scale energy projects have been known to generate both positive and/or negative impacts. Environmental Management Plans (EMP) have often been the compendium of information on approved mitigations, which normally include activities that could maximize the benefits of the host communities, and it’s not unusual for the Community Development and Corporate Social Responsibility (CDCSR) department of such an organization to be saddled with these contributions. But the activities of Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s CSR department have often been the source of criticism, as well as aspiration for improvement by host communities and other stake holders. This article thus aims to present a comprehensive compendium of NLNG’s CDCSR activities, up to the year 2010, and also highlight the level of satisfaction of the immediate and distant host communities against the level of performance of other donors in the area. Also the arrays of negative socio-economic consequences of the Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s activities were identified based on community perception. The results generally showed that comparatively, NLNG project has made more innovative positive socio-economic and health contributions to its areas of operation than the three tiers of government and other donors (including SPDC and Mobil Producing Nigeria). Surprisingly, agitations against Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s activities have not overshadowed its community development provisions, which have been of major assistance in several communities. There is however a dire need to review several aspects of Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s CDCSR activities, especially in the fulfilment of documented promises, as well as in project conception and community participation, for better completed projects acceptance by indigenous host communities. Conflict management strategies also need to be improved, while the dissatisfaction over benefits in New Finima needs to be urgently addressed.
基金supported by German-Sino bilateral collaboration research project SuMaRiO funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Researchthe support of NSFC-UNEP Project (41361140361): Ecological Responses to Climatic Change and Land-cover Change in Arid and Semiarid Central Asia during the Past 500 Years
文摘Hydrological models are often linked with other models in cognate sciences to understand the interactions among climate, earth, water, ecosystem, and human society. This paper presents the development and implementation of a decision support system(DSS) that links the outputs of hydrological models with real-time decision making on social-economic assessments and land use management. Discharge and glacier geometry changes were simulated with hydrological model, water availability in semiarid environments. Irrigation and ecological water were simulated by a new commercial software MIKE HYDRO. Groundwater was simulated by MODFLOW. All the outputs of theses hydrological models were taken as inputs into the DSS in three types of links: regression equations, stationary data inputs, or dynamic data inputs as the models running parallel in the simulation periods. The DSS integrates the hydrological data, geographic data, social and economic statistical data, and establishes the relationships with equations, conditional statements and fuzzy logics. The programming is realized in C++. The DSS has four remarkable features:(1) editable land use maps to assist decision-making;(2) conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources;(3) interactions among water, earth, ecosystem, and humans; and(4) links with hydrological models. The overall goal of the DSS is to combine the outputs of scientific models, knowledge of experts, and perspectives of stakeholders, into a computer-based system, which allows sustainability impact assessment within regional planning; and to understand ecosystem services and integrate them into land and water management.
文摘城市湖泊作为城市与自然之间进行水气交换的蓝色空间,具有供水、防洪、休闲、气候调节以及改善城市生态环境等诸多生态服务功能。中国地域辽阔、城市众多,不同区域的城市湖泊受自然地理环境和社会经济发展等因素的影响而具有显著的空间差异特征。目前已有研究对我国省会城市和个别大型城市的湖泊空间分布及变化特征等开展研究,但全国范围内各行政等级单元内城市湖泊分布的空间格局及其影响因素仍缺乏综合分析。本研究基于中国城市湖泊数据集,从城市分布的地域单元、行政等级、城市规模3个方面对城市湖泊分布特征进行统计分析和比较,并结合自然和人类活动要素,初步探讨影响城市湖泊分布规模和丰度的主控因子。结果表明,2020年全国共有约11万个面积大于0.001 km 2城市湖泊(不包括太湖、滇池等大型湖泊),总面积约2112 km 2,约占全国城市(遥感城市不透水层区域)面积的1.1%。城市湖泊的分布具有显著的集聚和分异特征,数量超过70%的城市湖泊分布在约20%的县(区)级行政单元,约21%的县(区)级行政单元基本没有(<10 m遥感影像分辨率下10个像元)城市湖泊分布。城市湖泊数量最多的县(区)级单元是天津市滨海新区,数量达到了1846个,而武汉市洪山区拥有的城市湖泊的面积最大,达到了67.2 km 2。总体上,城市等级更高的省会城市拥有更加密集城市湖泊分布,其湖泊密度(湖泊面积/城市面积)达到了1.6%,显著高于地级市的1.3%和县(区)级单元的0.8%。经统计分析,城市湖泊的分布与温度、降水、人口、GDP和城市面积呈现显著正相关,与城市海拔和地形起伏度呈强负相关。统计回归模型分析结果表明,城市面积、降水、GDP和地形起伏度是影响我国城市湖泊空间分异特征的主控因子。本研究将为全面认识我国城市湖泊的分布特征提供科学参考,为城市湖泊的资源利用和生态环境保护提供地理本底信息。
文摘There is a need to find a comprehensive approach focusing on the conflicts between economical growth and environmental protection. Chinese scholars advocate a comprehensive ecosystem viewpoint named social-economic-natural complex ecosystem(SENCE). The kernel of the concept lies in the hierarchical structure of SENCE, through which methods from ecological network can be useful to the compound system. The author gives a schema depicting its structure, following a made analysis to help understand the reliance of economy on ecosystem. It is obvious that more actions should be done to strive for sustainable development.