Sociological Complexity Theory:From Epistemology to Empirical Methodology

This study,through a re-conceptualization of sociological complexity theory’s epistemological sources,specifically in Edgar Morin’s formulation,sheds light on the theoretical models as well as empirical methodologies of sociological analysis of today’s complex,interconnected,diverse and globalized society and global disorder.Complexity theory leads to a shift in perspective and a transformation of the epistemological status of social sciences with an in-depth intervention of disorder,contingency,case,singular,and non-repeatable in the sociological analysis.The notion of dialogic interplay is placed at the paradigm level and stands out at the heart of the concepts,analyzing the social system as auto-eco-organizer.Similarly,the notion of‘emergence’at macro-micro levels imposes itself as complex,logically requiring overcoming simple,linear thinking and model of explanation to adopt the perspective of organizational rotativity in which the product retroacts by transforming the one producing it,by conceiving a circularity of co-production between individuals and society through interactions.Declining epistemology and sociological complexity theory in the empirical methodology setting,the complex sociological approach is phenomenon-,event/information-and crisis-centered,privileging observation,participation-intervention,and‘live inquiry’.The open,in-depth and possibly non-directive interview is part of clinical sociological methodology,raising the question of the observer-phenomenon-observed relation.

Empirical Analysis on Sociological Factors for Underdevelopment of Rural Sports

Rural sports are weak parts in sports development of China.In the social environment of new socialist countryside construction and new urbanization advancing side by side,rural sports have great opportunities and serious challenges.Taking sports of Gannan old revolutionary base area as an example,this paper analyzed factors influencing rural sports from the sociological perspective,to provide measures and recommendations for sustainable development of rural sports.

A Relational Sociological Study on the Effects of Uncertainties in the Case of Influenza in Turkey

Health issues, especially global health issues, are important subjects of study for many sociologists. For example, the spread of influenza as a pandemic affects a large number of people and their emotions in terms of fear, becoming a social problem instead of a psychological issue. Because of uncertainties, what is happening and what people should do during global threats is not clear for many people generally and during pandemics specifically. The primary aim of this paper is to show the construction process of fear and risk by conducting a systematic review of former studies about the influenza that occurred in Turkey during the last 10 years. It is assumed that a combination of relational sociology and the sociology of disaster and development will provide an appropriate theoretical framework. In other words, H. White and his uncertainty typology along with A.E. Collins’ classification are both used to define the construction process of fear as a culture, starting with uncertainty and moving to alienation and finally normalization. Findings from this study, which are supported by N. Elias’ and U. Beck’s methodological considerations, revealed that uncertainties may lead to negative consequences, such as alienation. Due to conflicting information, people find themselves in a dilemma and they stop following norms and rules in terms of normlessness. Normlessness, as a sub-division of alienation along with meaningless, might result in negative actions, such as not getting vaccinated. Liminality, turning points and footing are also used to describe the construction process of fear and risk. Results also showed that over a 10-year period many things are normalized and people no longer panic as easily.

Sociological Features of the Casualties from the 1996 M_S7.0 Lijiang Earthquake, Yunnan Province

A statistics analysis was conducted on the basic information about fatalities from the Lijiang MS7.0 earthquake in 1996. The factors include age, gender, educational background, occupation, cause of death, death place, etc. We found that even though deaths caused by the Lijiang earthquake had some common features with those from earthquakes in other places in China, it also showed some specific features because of the multiracial and economically-underdeveloped situation of Lijiang area. The results reached in the paper can serve as a reference for studying the features of casualties caused by future strong earthquakes in Yunnan, and for the delicate and human-oriented emergency treatment.

A Sociological Study on Mo Yan＇s Translated Works

This essay gives a brief introduction to Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of sociology and attempts to analyze its three core concepts–field,capital and habitus as well as their applications in translation.By finding out the main factors that led to the widespread and popularity of Frog(the English version of Watranslated by Howard Goldblatt),the author tries to give some suggestions on how contemporary and modern Chinese literature can be internationalized.

Sociological Thoughts on Ming Bai Documents：A Case Study of Grass-roots Management＇s Creativity in Miao Nationality Areas,Leishan and Danzhai County,Guizhou Province

Valid as folk law,Ming Bai document is the code of conduct for the villagers,which is applied in Danjiang T own,Langde T own and Wangfeng T ownship in Leishan county,Qiandongnan Miao and Dong autonomous prefecture in Guizhou province.It refers to comprehensive administration,safety construction,safety production,fire fighting,traffic safety,prohibition of opium,fire protection of forest,family plan,and traditional festival etc. Mostly they are posted on the conspicuous wooden buildings and bricks wall of villages,Ming Bai document plays an irreplaceable role in adjusting local social relations. Moreover,its legal culture and the value of legal sociology are worthy of having a discussion and research.

The New Paths of Italian Song. A Sociological and Lexicometric Analysis

Italian music in the last decade is characterized mainly by the rise of rap,previously relegated to a niche of listeners,and an archipelago of musicians from the many talent shows on Italian television.The essay presents the results of a survey of a representative sample of 653 songs,478 of which come from the repertoire of rappers and 175 from musicians of various genres who have graced the stages of talent shows.The goal of the analysis is to penetrate,through text mining,the content that is most disseminated by rap and songs offered in talent shows,trying to suggest interpretive perspectives with respect to potential effects on listeners.It is in that form and content that can be read some kind of social distinction that passes through the transformation of audience tastes in music.

Exploring Green Development From the Perspective of Sociology:Logical Basis,Constraints,and Optimization Paths

With the advancement of ecological conservation in China,the concept of green development has gained extensive acceptance and recognition.Exploring green development from the perspectives of environmental protection and sociology holds great theoretical value and practical significance in studying the issues related to green development.Firstly,this paper examines green development in light of the objective needs of the economic and social transformation in the international community and China,and deconstructed its underlying social logic.Secondly,it further investigates the social factors that restrict green development,encompassing social structures,social concepts,social systems,and social behaviors.Finally,within the framework of the“green”discipline system in environmental sociology,this paper proposes specific measures such as restructuring social systems and transforming production modes,lifestyles,and consumption patterns to promote green development.

社会学建设的中国经验——费孝通关于“人民社会学”的探索及其启示

我国社会学已有一个世纪的学科建设历程,留下了一些值得总结和继承的中国经验,“人民社会学”就是构建中国特色社会学的一个很好的理论创设与实践路径。费孝通倡导的“人民社会学”与近代以来中国人探求振兴中华、实现中华民族伟大复兴的历程紧密相连,其核心主张是社会学建设与中国实际相结合,坚持以人民为中心的原则,以“志在富民”为学术追求,围绕中国社会发展的时代命题,开展扎实深入的社会调查研究,推动社会学中国化。费孝通倡导并实践的面向中国实际的“人民社会学”对当下构建中国特色社会学具有重要的学术借鉴意义。

中国式现代化与关系社会学理论创新

中国式现代化为中国社会学理论创新提出了时代任务。西方社会学的现代化理论聚焦社会行为从传统向现代的模式转变,但囿于欧美中心主义和二元对立的哲学理念,欧美社会学家提出的论断漠视世界其他国家的现代化经验,忽视传统与现代之间的连续性,轻视社会行为背后的联系性研究。中国主体话语的关系社会学继承和发展了中国社会学派的联系性理论视角,创立十余年来获得了中国关系纽带、关系机制、关系文化、关系网络等四个方面的理论突破。从中国式现代化的五大中国特色出发,就关系社会学的未来研究议题提出了新的理论命题,包括人口规模巨大视域下的社会关系模式渐变命题和代际关系调适命题、全体人民共同富裕视域下的促进型和抑制型关系机制命题、物质文明与精神文明协调发展视域下的关系纽带变迁命题和关系行为惯习命题、人与自然和谐共生视域下加强环保意识和强化环保行为的关系作用命题、走和平发展道路视域下的中国关系网络相对优势命题。

重塑人与人之间的连接——社会学视角下的老旧社区边界空间微更新实践与探索

社区是城市的基本构成单元,其内部的物质性与非物质性边界作为一类重要结构性要素长期以来受到学界的多方关注。然而在当前国内普遍开展的社区更新工作中,边界因素仅被简单抽象为不可调整的物质性围墙,致使大量由消极边界因素引起的空间结构性问题未得到应有的重视。以社区边界空间为研究对象,以社会学视角介入社区更新的过程性评价,同时结合在社区边界所开展的相关实践,以多视角对目标区域的社会空间构成元素在不同规模、不同强度的重构活动中所受到的“作用力”产生的变化做出判断,审视社会诉求,引导社会公众有序参与社区治理,推动共商、共建、共治、共享的社区生态文明建设,以更好地为社区空间构建稳定的环境秩序,激发人与空间结构性的互动效应,为老旧社区边界空间微更新的可持续模式提供实践经验。

乡村治理:一个中国农村社会学的标识性概念

提炼标识性概念是加快建构中国特色哲学社会科学、建构中国自主知识体系的有效路径之一。从“问题”出发,以“乡村治理”概念发展的历史脉络为“经”进行铺陈,以“是什么”“为什么”以及“怎么办”为“纬”进行提炼,研究发现,“乡村治理”是中国农村社会学界乃至中国社会科学界在立足中国实际和实践、解决中国问题的长期探索过程中构建的一个标识性概念。中国学术意义上的“乡村治理”,是一套持续探索构建中国乡村社会秩序并促进乡村社会发展的总体性知识体系。它本质上并非一个单一的概念,而是作为一个概念集合而存在。在每一个历史阶段,乡村治理均指涉“是什么”“为什么”和“怎么办”的具体概念范畴。在研究传统中,作为“物”意义上的乡村治理具有丰富内涵。在改革开放后的30多年中,从村民自治到乡村治理,则充分彰显了“物”与“词”的转换和并存的特点。进入新时代以来,美好社会建设中的乡村治理则深刻地体现了“词物一体”,它不仅成为中国农村社会学界共享的知识范式,而且也成为党和国家正式文件中规范的通用政策语言。

儿童主体能动性概念溯源及其理论进展

儿童主体能动性研究在国际范围内获得广泛关注,其概念正在被重新审视。主体能动性存在内在的紧张关系,即主体能动性与社会结构、个人的能动性与社会的能动性的二元对立。这一紧张关系被儿童主体能动性理论直接移植,并在新童年社会学与《儿童权利公约》的推动下进一步加剧。在调和及其超越这一紧张关系的背景下,儿童主体能动性研究呈现四种不同的理论进路:自由主义范式、社会文化范式、后结构主义范式与实用主义范式。四种范式的理论解释力及在经验研究中的影响各有不同。对于我国学者来说,在开展相关研究的过程中,不仅要把握儿童主体能动性研究的核心论争与前沿趋势,参与到儿童主体能动性研究的学术建构中,也要助力打破全球北方的主导局面,发出中国学术的声音。

感性空间到感性实践:马克思主义空间社会学的理论起点

20世纪60年代崛起的当代空间社会学,不仅是对以往结构性研究方式的突破与超越,也应被看作马克思主义社会学学术传统的回归与发展。空间思维,不仅未曾在马克思思想中“缺场”,恰而相反地贯穿在马克思的整个思想历程中。在1839—1841年的早期作品中,马克思便提出了感性空间这一概念,可以说是马克思主义空间社会学的理论萌芽,而感性实践观的提出成为马克思主义空间社会学的理论基点。基于感性空间到感性实践的理论起点,国外马克思主义者对资本主义社会展开了不同角度的空间批判,推进了马克思主义空间社会学在新时代的理论演进。回溯与明确马克思主义空间社会学的理论起点与脉络,对接续和发展中国马克思主义社会学研究、推进以马克思主义指导的中国社会学自主知识理论体系的创新建设具有重要而深刻的理论启示。

高考诚信缺失行为的社会学分析与对策

针对高考中出现的诚信缺失行为,采用社会学的符号互动理论和场域理论对其产生原因进行剖析。高考失信行为主要源于考试诚信自律水平较低的考生受到消极社会文化风气影响,或是高考场域中成绩相对靠后的考生争夺文化资本利益的手段出现异化。加强高考诚信治理体系建设,既要从提高考生自律能力出发加强考试诚信道德教育,养成其考试诚信的内在品质;也要丰富他律手段、健全法律制度体系,加强对考试诚信缺失行为的处罚。

文化、心智与教育——破解教育改革困境底层逻辑的文化社会学分析

受认知科学启发,近年来文化社会学越来越关注文化的认知属性。文化并非是整体性的存在,而更类似于工具箱。个体通过自我建构而形成其独特的心智结构,在社会网络互动中,逐渐表现出心智结构的共性即所谓的文化图式。教育领域众多观念的分歧与争论,便源于这种自发启动的心智结构,或者集体意识与无意识,因而由认知偏差而导致刻板化的偏见与成见。本文摒弃教育的文化决定论立场,强调人的心智开放,即沟通不同社会网络之间的良性互动,激发反思意识与批判性思维,是破解教育改革困境的底层逻辑。

从“弱者”走向主体——我国儿童福利制度中的儿童形象及其嬗变

儿童福利制度的变迁直接影响儿童的福利处境。新时代,我国儿童福利逐渐走向普惠和高质量发展的道路。以福利制度中的儿童形象为参照,我国的儿童福利制度逐渐从“无”儿童、救济为主,逐步发展到“救济—发展”共有,直至以发展为主。表现在儿童的价值逐渐从工具性走向本体性,儿童从福利对象走向福利的主体,从消极、等待的被救者走向积极、能动的自救者,儿童-成人的关系从二元对立走向互动的共谋福利者。这是儿童逐渐从“弱者”走向主体存在的发展历程,是对儿童力量的逐步确认与保障,也是儿童认识上的巨大发展和进步。

李景汉社会调查思想与实践研究

中国早期社会学的一个重要特征是注重实地社会调查。社会调查对于认识中国社会及其问题、提出社会改革方案,以及社会学学科的发展,都起着基础性的作用。聚焦于中国早期社会学家中注重实地调查的代表性人物——李景汉,展现他面对厚重的历史传统和现实政治经济动荡,试图以社会调查这个“新工具”,为中国的社会改造和现代化“开路”的激情与决心,为社会调查本土化所付出的艰辛努力和取得的成绩;分析李景汉对于调查技术背后的人文环境、调查与社会改造以及救国救民之间的关系等问题的思考;对其工作的贡献、意义,以及在调查技术和伦理方面的某些局限性进行讨论。