Effect of Hydrochloric Acid on the Structural of Sodic-Bentonite Clay

The objective of this work is to determine changes of surface properties of a bentonite after acid activation, using hydrochloric acid solutions (HCl) at room temperature. XRD, FX, FTIR, MEB, and BET analyses of the samples have been carried out to examine the structure of bentonite before and after acid activation. It is found that the raw bentonite is composed of dioctahedral montmorillonite with predominant quantity and certain amounts of quartz, albite and illite, etc. It has an cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 74.32 meq/g which allows it to be characterized as typical sodium bentonite. The changes, at low acid concentrations, are the result from from cation exchange (exchangeable cations with H+ ions). Differences of surface area at high acid concentrations (0.25 - 0.4 M) were caused by structural changes and partial decomposition of the samples. Data of surface area measurements have showed that with increase of concentration of hydrochloric acid, the surface area increased. The maximum value (837.11 m2/g) was reached by the sample activated with 0.4 M HCl. By against, activation with higher concentration (0.6 M) caused a decrease in the surface area.

盐碱地农田排水对查干湖承泄区的水质影响评价

为了评价盐碱地农田排水对承泄区的水质影响,该文选取吉林省前郭灌区的农田排水和查干湖承泄区为研究对象,通过2009-2010年水稻生长季每月定期的野外取样、实验分析水样的K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-、Cl-、CO32-、HCO3-、总氮、总磷和化学需氧量,研究了查干湖灌溉灌排系统至承泄区相关排水水质的时空变化,并对查干湖水质进行了评价。结果表明,查干湖承泄区对灌排系统的各水质指标有一定的累积效应。目前查干湖水体pH值平均在7.87;钠吸附比最大值(3.59(mmolc/L)1/2)出现在5月份泡田洗盐期;总氮含量为1.22 mg/L,低于近12年平均值1.56 mg/L;6月份总磷含量最高,达0.28 mg/L。除化学需氧量超标外,其他水质参数未达到浓度限值,但在丰水期查干湖水体已属IV类水质。该研究可为查干湖承泄区的生态环境预警提供理论基础。

沙枣在吉林苏打盐碱土区的适应性研究

以甘肃张掖、新疆塔城、内蒙古巴盟磴口、加拿大埃德蒙顿地区生长的沙枣为种源,在吉林省西部苏打盐碱土区经过7 a引种栽培试验,结果表明:4个种源之间的物候期无明显差别,且与引种地相差不大;当年成活率达到90%以上,未发生盐害;株高、根径生长与引种地虽然存在一定差距,但差异不显著;加拿大、新疆、内蒙古种源可以自然越冬,甘肃种源越冬率在80%左右;未见明显病虫害。沙枣在吉林苏打盐碱土区具有良好的生长表现和适应性。

低洼重度盐碱地滴灌水盐调控的环境效应

采用"咸水滴灌+高垄+覆膜"水盐调控技术模式,开发利用河套灌区水平排水困难的低洼重度盐碱撂荒地时,研究了该区浅层地下水埋深、浅层地下水电导率(ECw)、潜水层地下水电导率(ECi)、土壤饱和泥浆提取液电导率(ECe)、枸杞成活率和保存率等的变化。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水埋深、ECw和ECe明显受周边和研究区灌溉、降雨等的影响;随着枸杞种植年限的延长及植株蒸腾耗水的增加,整个研究区的浅层地下水埋深、ECw、ECi及ECe均逐年降低,0～40 cm土层土壤由极重度盐土转变为重度盐土;该技术模式下,枸杞成活率达到75.4%,保存率达到67.5%。即可以采用"咸水滴灌+高垄+覆膜"滴灌水盐调控技术模式,通过种植枸杞等耐盐碱的多年生林果,来开发利用传统方法难以有效开发利用的地下水浅埋且地下水为咸水的重度盐碱地,通过枸杞生长耗水可以显著降低整个区域的地下水位埋深,ECw和ECe也逐年降低。

苏打碱土区造林树种选择研究

通过对12个品种的人工模拟耐盐试验及7个地点的栽培试验,对黑龙江省西部苏打碱土区的造林树种进行了适应性研究。在系统的土壤分析基础上,通过对品种的综合评价,筛选出了适应性好的树种14个,并进行了适应范围的划分,为本地区盐碱地造林提供了科学依据。