Randomized controlled trial of sodium phosphate tablets vs polyethylene glycol solution for colonoscopy bowel cleansing

AIM: To compare efficacy, patient compliance, acceptability, satisfaction, safety, and adenoma detection rate of sodium phosphate tablets (NaP, CLICOLONTM) to a standard 4 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution for bowel cleansing for adults undergoing colonoscopy.

Prospective randomized comparison of oral sodium phosphate and polyethylene glycol lavage for colonoscopy preparation

AIM: To compare the effectiveness, patient acceptability, and physical tolerability of two oral lavage solutions prior to colonoscopy in a Taiwan Residents population. METHODS: Eighty consecutive patients were randomized to receive either standard 4 L of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or 90 mL of sodium phosphate (NaP) in a split regimen of two 45 mL doses separated by 12 h, prior to colonoscopic evaluation. The primary endpoint was the percent of subjects who had completed the preparation. Secondary endpoints included colonic cleansing evaluated with an overall assessment and segmental evaluation, the tolerance and acceptability assessed by a selfadministered structured questionnaire, and a safety profile such as any unexpected adverse events, electrolyte tests, physical exams, vital signs, and body weights. RESULTS: A significantly higher completion rate was found in the NaP group compared to the PEG group(84.2% vs 27.5%, P＜0.001). The amount of fluid suctioned was significantly less in patients taking NaP vs PEG (50.13±54.8 cc vs 121.13±115.4 cc, P＜0.001),even after controlling for completion of the oral solution(P = 0.031). The two groups showed a comparable overall assessment of bowel preparation with a rate of 'good' or 'excellent' in 78.9% of patients in the NaPgroup and 82.5% in PEG group (P = 0.778). Patients taking NaP tended to have significantly better colonic segmental cleansing relative to stool amount observedin the descending (94.7% vs 70%, P = 0.007) andtransverse (94.6% vs 74.4%, P = 0.025) colon. Slightly more patients graded the taste of NaP as 'good' or 'very good' compared to the PEG patients (32.5% vs 12.5%;P = 0.059). Patients' willingness to take the same preparation in the future was 68.4% in the NaP compared to 75% in the PEG group (P = 0.617). There was a significant increase in serum sodium and a significant decrease in phosphate and chloride levels in NaP group on the day following the colonoscopy without any clinical sequelae. Prolonged (＞24 h) hemodynamic changes were also observed in 20-35% subjects of either group.CONCLUSION: Both bowel cleansing agents proved to be similar in safety and effectiveness, while NaP appeared to be more cost-effective. After identifying and excluding patients with potential risk factors, sodium phosphate should become an alternative preparation for patients undergoing elective colonoscopy in the Taiwan Residents population.

Noninferiority clinical trial comparing the bowel cleansing efficacy of sodium phosphate tablets(Quiklean®)with a polyethylene glycol/bisacodyl kit

BACKGROUND Efficient bowel cleansing is essential for a successful colonoscopy,but the ideal cleansing agent,volume,and pharmaceutical dosage form have yet to be determined.Small-volume cleansers enhance patient compliance.AIM To compare the bowel cleansing efficacy of 32-tablet sodium phosphate(Quiklean®)with 2-L polyethylene glycol(PEG)/bisacodyl(Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®)under identical dietary recommendations.METHODS This multicenter,randomized,parallel-group,noninferiority clinical trial enrolled 472 outpatients,randomized 456 subjects,and scheduled 442 subjects to undergo colonoscopy(Quiklean®=222 and Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®=220).After bowel preparation,a colonoscopist performed the colonoscopy with video recorded for rating.The primary efficacy endpoint was the bowel cleansing quality using the Aronchick Scale.The secondary endpoints were the bowel cleansing efficacy of three colon segments,tolerability and acceptability,safety using the Ottawa bowel preparation scale,questionnaires by subjects,and monitoring of adverse events.RESULTS Success rates(Excellent+Good)of the bowel cleansing quality by Aronchick Scale were 98.6%(n=205)and 97.6%(n=204)in the Quiklean®and Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®groups,respectively.Quiklean®demonstrated noninferiority over Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®in colon cleansing efficacy.Quicken showed better tolerability and acceptability in the overall experience(was rated as excellent;24.0%vs 17.2%;P=0.0016)and the taste of the study preparation(was rated as excellent,23.1%vs 13.4%;P<0.0001)than Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®.Safety profiles did not differ between the two groups.Our data indicate that Quiklean®is an adequate,well-tolerated bowel cleansing preparation compared with the standard comparator Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®.CONCLUSION Quiklean®is sodium phosphate tablets available on Taiwan’s market for bowel preparation;it potentially offers patients an alternative to standard large-volume bowel preparation regimens and may,therefore,increase positive attitudes toward colonoscopies and participation rates.

Comparing reduced-dose sodium phosphate tablets to 2L of polyethylene glycol: A randomized study

To compare the tolerability and quality of bowel cleansing between 2 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) and reduced-dose sodium phosphate (NaP) tablets as a preparation for colonoscopy. METHODSTwo hundred patients were randomly assigned to the PEG or NaP groups at the same ratio. The NaP group patients took 30 tablets with 2 L of clear liquid, while the PEG group patients took 2L of PEG. Tolerability was assessed by a questionnaire about taste, volume, and the overall impression. The bowel cleansing quality was evaluated by colonoscopists. RESULTSAlthough NaP showed better tolerability in terms of taste, volume and overall impression (P < 0.01, P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively), the overall cleansing quality was better in the PEG group (P < 0.01). A subgroup analysis, stratified by sex and age, indicated that NaP was associated with better tolerability and equivalent bowel cleansing quality in females of < 50 years of age. CONCLUSIONDespite the better tolerability, the use of 30 NaP tablets with 2 L of clear liquid should be limited due to its lower cleansing quality; however, in certain cases the regimen may deserve consideration, particularly in cases involving young women.

Aggregation of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate in Poly-ethylene Glycol Aqueous Solutions Studied by Two-dimensional Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy

Two-dimensional nuclear overhauser enhancement (2D NOESY)measurements show that sodium dodecyl sulfonate SDSN molecules co-aggregate with poly-ethylene glycol PEG in their aqueous solution at a concentration range of SDSN between the so-called co-aggregation concentration (cac) and the. Normal critical micellar concentration (cmc). SDSN micelles are formed when the cmc of SDSN is reached with PEG uniformly distributed in the interior.

Low volume polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid,sodium picosulfate-magnesium citrate,and clear liquid diet alone prior to small bowel capsule endoscopy

AIM:To compare low volume polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid,sodium picosulfate-magnesium citrate and clear liquid diet alone as bowel preparation prior to small bowel capsule endoscopy(CE).METHODS:We retrospectively collected all CE studies done from December 2011 to July 2013 at a single institution.CE studies were reviewed only if low volume polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid,sodium picosulfatemagnesium citrate or clear liquid diet alone used as the bowel preparation.The studies were then reviewed by the CE readers who were blinded to the preparation type.Cleanliness and bubble burden were graded independently within the proximal,middle and distal small bowel using a four-point scale according to the percentage of small bowel mucosa free of debris/bubbles:grade 1 = over 90%,grade 2 = between 90%-75%,grade 3 = between 50%-75%,grade 4 = less than 50%.Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.ANOVA and Fishers exact test were used where appropriate.P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS:A of total of 123 CE studies were reviewed.Twenty-six studies were excluded from analysis because of incomplete small bowel examination.In the remainingstudies,48 patients took low volume polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid,31 took sodium picosulfate-magnesium citrate and 27 took a clear liquid diet alone after lunch on the day before CE,followed by overnight fasting in all groups.There was no significant difference in small bowel cleanliness(1.98 ± 0.09 vs 1.84 ± 0.08 vs 1.76 ± 0.08) or small bowel transit time(213 ± 13 vs 248 ± 14 ± 225 ± 19 min) for clear liquid diet alone,Movi Prep and PicoSalax respectively.The bubble burden in the mid small bowel was significantly higher in the Movi Prep group(1.6 ± 0.1 vs 1.9 ± 0.1 vs 1.6 ± 0.1,P < 0.05).However this did not result in a significant difference in diagnosis of pathology.CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in small bowel cleanliness or diagnostic yield of small bowel CE between the three preparations regimens used in this study.

Preparation, Characterization and Pharmacokinetics of Fluorescence Labeled Propylene Glycol Alginate Sodium Sulfate

A rapid and sensitive fluorescence labeling method was developed and validated for the microanalysis of a sulfated polysaccharide drug,namely propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate(PSS), in rat plasma. Fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) was selected to label PSS, and 1, 6-diaminohexane was used to link PSS and FITC in order to prepare FITC-labeled PSS(F-PSS) through a reductive amination reaction. F-PSS was identified by UV-Vis, FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectrum. The cell stability and cytotoxicity of F-PSS were tested in Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK) cells. The results indicated that the labeling efficiency of F-PSS was 0.522% ± 0.0248% and the absolute bioavailability was 8.39%. F-PSS was stable in MDCK cells without obvious cytotoxicity. The method was sensitive and reliable; it showed a good linearity, precision, recovery and stability. The FITC labeling method can be applied to investigating the absorption and metabolism of PSS and other polysaccharides in biological samples.

Pediatric bowel preparation: Sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, citric acid vs polyethylene glycol, a randomized trial

BACKGROUND Bowel preparation in children can be challenging.AIM To describe the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and citric acid(SPMC) bowel preparation in children.METHODS Phase 3, randomized, assessor-blinded, multicenter study of low-volume, divided dose SPMC enrolled children 9-16 years undergoing elective colonoscopy. Participants 9-12 years were randomized 1:1:1 to SPMC ? dose × 2, SPMC 1 dose × 2, or polyethylene glycol(PEG). Participants 13-16 years were randomized 1:1 to SPMC 1 dose × 2 or PEG. PEG-based bowel preparations were administered per local protocol. Primary efficacy endpoint for quality of bowel preparation was responders(rating of ‘excellent' or ‘good') by modified Aronchick Scale. Secondary efficacy endpoint was participant's tolerability and satisfaction from a 7-item questionnaire. Safety assessments included adverse events(AEs) and laboratory evaluations.RESULTS 78 participants were randomized, 48 were 9-12 years, 30 were 13-16 years. For the primary efficacy endpoint in 9-12 years, 50.0%, 87.5%, and 81.3% were responders for SPMC ? dose × 2, SPMC 1 dose × 2, and PEG groups, respectively. Responder rates for 13-16 years were 81.3% for SPMC 1 dose × 2 and 85.7% for PEG. Overall, 43.8% of participants receiving SPMC 1 dose × 2 reported it was ‘very easy' or ‘easy' to drink, compared with 20.0% receiving PEG. Treatment-emergent AEs were reported by 45.5% of participants receiving SPMC 1 dose × 2 and 63.0% receiving PEG.CONCLUSION SPMC was an efficacious and safe for bowel preparation in children 9-16 years, with comparable efficacy to PEG. Tolerability for SPMC was higher compared to PEG.

POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE METHYL PHOSPHATE IN THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL)ATE

Poly(ethylene methyl phosphate)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ethylene methyl phosphate) triblock copolymers carrying hydroxyl group at both chain ends were synthesized with sodium poly(ethylene glycol)ate as initiator. The effects of the factors such as solvent, amount of the initiator and reaction time were investigated. The copolymers were characterized by IR, H-1-NMR, H-1{P-31}-NMR, C-13-NMR, P-31{H-1}-NMR, and DSC. High molecular weight of the copolymer and high yield of the polymerization were achieved within 3 min at 25 degrees C. The polymerization process was studied by P-31{H-1}-NMR and transesterification was found during longer polymerization time.

Sodium picosulphate or polyethylene glycol before elective colonoscopy in outpatients?A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM To determine the best option for bowel preparation [sodium picosulphate or polyethylene glycol(PEG)] for elective colonoscopy in adult outpatients.METHODS A systematic review of the literature following the PRISMA guidelines was performed using Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Central, Cinahl and Lilacs. No restrictions were placed for country, year of publication or language. The last search in the literature was performed on November 20th, 2017. Only randomized clinical trials with full texts published were included. The subjects included were adult outpatients who underwent bowel cleansing for elective colonoscopy. The included studies compared sodium picosulphate with magnesium citrate(SPMC)and PEG for bowel preparation. Exclusion criteria were the inclusion of inpatients or groups with specific conditions, failure to mention patient status(outpatient or inpatient) or dietary restrictions, and permission to have unrestricted diet on the day prior to the exam. Primary outcomes were bowel cleaning success and/or tolerability of colon preparation. Secondary outcomes were adverse events, polyp and adenoma detection rates. Data on intention-totreat were extracted by two independent authors and risk of bias assessed through the Jadad scale. Funnel plots, Egger's test, Higgins' test(I2) and sensitivity analyses were used to assess reporting bias and heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was performed by computing risk difference(RD) using MantelHaenszel(MH) method with fixed-effects(FE) and random-effects(RE) models.Review Manager 5(RevMan 5) version 6.1(The Cochrane Collaboration) was the software chosen to perform the meta-analysis.RESULTS662 records were identified but only 16 trials with 6200 subjects were included for the meta-analysis. High heterogeneity among studies was found and sensitivity analysis was needed and performed to interpret data. In the pooled analysis,SPMC was better for bowel cleaning [MH FE, RD 0.03, IC(0.01, 0.05), P = 0.003, I2= 33%, NNT 34], for tolerability [MH RE, RD 0.08, IC(0.03, 0.13), P = 0.002, I2 =88%, NNT 13] and for adverse events [MH RE, RD 0.13, IC(0.05, 0.22), P = 0.002,I2 = 88%, NNT 7]. There was no difference in regard to polyp and adenoma detection rates. Additional analyses were made by subgroups(type of regimen,volume of PEG solution and dietary recommendations). SPMC demonstrated better tolerability levels when compared to PEG in the following subgroups:"day-before preparation" [MH FE, RD 0.17, IC(0.13, 0.21), P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%,NNT 6], "preparation in accordance with time interval for colonoscopy" [MH RE,RD 0.08, IC(0.01, 0.15), P = 0.02, I2 = 54%, NNT 13], when compared to "highvolume PEG solutions" [MH RE, RD 0.08, IC(0.01, 0.14), I2 = 89%, P = 0.02, NNT13] and in the subgroup "liquid diet on day before" [MH RE, RD 0.14, IC(0.06,0.22), P = 0.0006, I2 = 81%, NNT 8]. SPMC was also found to cause fewer adverse events than PEG in the "high-volume PEG solutions" [MH RE, RD-0.18,IC(-0.30,-0.07), P = 0.002, I2 = 79%, NNT 6] and PEG in the "low-residue diet"subgroup [MH RE, RD-0.17, IC(-0.27, 0.07), P = 0.0008, I2 = 86%, NNT 6].CONCLUSION SPMC seems to be better than PEG for bowel preparation, with a similar bowel cleaning success rate, better tolerability and lower prevalence of adverse events.

Change in renal function after sodium phosphate preparation for screening colonoscopy

AIM:To investigate the changes in renal function at 12-24 mo in patients following sodium phosphate(NaP) preparation for screening colonoscopy.METHODS:We carried out a retrospective study on the results from patients who received health check-up services as part of an employer-provided wellness program performed between August 2006 and May 2008 and who were followed up for 12-24 mo.Prior to screening colonoscopy,224 patients underwent bowel cleansing with NaP(NaP group) and 113 patients with polyethylene glycol(PEG group).The control group comprised 672 age-matched patients.We compared the changes in the creatinine levels and the glomerular filtration rates(GFRs) from baseline to 12-24 mo between the NaP,PEG,and control groups using two-way repeated measured analysis of variance.In addition,multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors for a decreased GFR.RESULTS:The baseline mean serum creatinine level in the NaP,PEG,and control groups was 1.12 ± 0.15,1.12 ± 0.16,and 1.12 ± 0.15 mg/dL,which increased to 1.15 ± 0.15,1.15 ± 0.18,and 1.15 ± 0.15 mg/dL,respectively,after 12-24 mo.The baseline mean GFR in the NaP,PEG,and control groups was 69.0 ± 7.7,68.9 ± 8.0,and 69.6 ± 6.7 mL/min per 1.73 m2,which decreased to 66.5 ± 7.8,66.5 ± 8.3,and 67.4 ± 6.4 mL/min per 1.73 m2,respectively,after 12-24 mo.The changes in serum creatinine levels and GFRs were not significantly between the NaP,PEG,and control groups(P = 0.992 and P = 0.233,respectively).Using multivariate linear regression analysis,only the baseline GFR was associated with the change in GFR(P < 0.001).Indeed,the bowel preparations were not associated with the change in GFR(P = 0.297).CONCLUSION:NaP bowel preparation in subjects with normal renal function was not associated with renal injury,and NaP can thus be used safely for screening colonoscopy.

碳六型聚羧酸减水剂的制备与性能研究

目的确定碳六型聚羧酸减水剂的最佳制备工艺,解决碳六型聚羧酸减水剂随存放时间延长保塑性下降的问题。方法以丙烯酸(AA)、乙二醇单乙烯基聚乙二醇醚(EPEG)及次亚磷酸钠(SHP)等为主要原材料,通过自由基共聚反应,制备得到了碳六型聚羧酸减水剂。通过水化热、SEM、XRD等测试方法,研究碳六型聚羧酸减水剂的性能。结果当聚醚单体分子量为3000、酸醚摩尔比为5∶1、起始反应温度为15~20℃时,碳六型聚羧酸减水剂的分散性及保塑性最佳。结论碳六型聚羧酸减水剂在分散性及保塑性方面均优于甲基烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(HPEG)型减水剂;加入稳定剂后,碳六型聚羧酸减水剂的保塑性得到了明显提升。

负载外泌体的可注射水凝胶修复种植体周围骨缺损

背景:大量的研究已证实,外泌体具有促进成骨与血管化的作用,但是单纯的外泌体治疗存在靶向性差、负载分子含量无法达到治疗浓度等问题。目的:将外泌体负载于可注射葡萄糖酸内酯-海藻酸钠/β-磷酸三钙-聚乙二醇水凝胶中,通过体内与体外实验观察该水凝胶在种植体周围骨缺损中的作用。方法:从骨髓间充质干细胞中提取外泌体,并将其包裹于可注射葡萄糖酸内酯-海藻酸钠/β-磷酸三钙-聚乙二醇水凝胶中。①体外实验:将负载与未负载外泌体的水凝胶分别与内皮祖细胞共培养,进行外泌体摄取实验、小管形成实验以及细胞增殖、迁移能力、成血管基因检测。②体内实验:选取雄性新西兰大白兔12只,在一侧股骨长轴制备2个标准种植体窝洞及对应的骨缺损,在近心端的窝洞内植入种植体后,在骨缺损部位植入负载外泌体的水凝胶(实验组);在远心端的种植窝洞内植入种植体后,在骨缺损部位植入未负载外泌体的水凝胶(对照组),术后3,6,9周取带种植体的骨缺损部位,进行苏木精-伊红、Masson染色,同时,术后9周时进行成骨基因与成血管基因检测。结果与结论:①体外实验:外泌体可进入内皮祖细胞中,负载外泌体水凝胶组内皮祖细胞的增殖能力、迁移能力、成血管能力及成血管基因(CD31、血管内皮生长因子及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子)表达均高于未未负载外泌体水凝胶组(P<0.05)。②体内实验:苏木精-伊红、Masson染色显示,术后3周时,两组仅见少量新生骨,材料部分降解;术后6周时,两组新生骨量增加,其中实验组可见大量的新生骨,钙盐沉积明显;术后9周时,相较于对照组,实验组可见大量粗大于成熟的骨小梁,钙盐沉积更加明显,骨小梁周围可见大量排列的成骨细胞。实验组术后9周骨缺损部位的CD31、血管内生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、骨形态发生蛋白2、Ⅰ型胶原及骨钙素的蛋白表达均高于对照组(P<0.05)。③负载外泌体的萄糖酸内酯-海藻酸钠/β-磷酸三钙-聚乙二醇水凝胶可促进内皮祖细胞的增殖、迁移与成血管分化,促进种植体周围骨缺损的修复再生。

含碱氧化铝吸附分离丙二醇中的乙二醇

乙二醇是生物质基1,2-丙二醇的主要杂质。通过浸渍法将质量分数为20%的NaOH溶液分散于介孔Al_(2)O_(3)中,真空干燥后制得吸附剂,通过吸附方法分离、纯化含质量分数为10%乙二醇的1,2-丙二醇。发现碱性位点对乙二醇有优先吸附的特性,且多孔Al_(2)O_(3)负载的NaOH具有较高的吸附容量。在负载过程中,Al_(2)O_(3)的比表面积大幅下降,且因NaOH沉积而形成新的介孔。CO_(2)-TPD测试结果表明:氧化铝载体的碱量远低于其负载的NaOH的碱量,因此,24.7NaOH-Al_(2)O_(3)对乙二醇的强吸附能力应归因于NaOH而非氧化铝载体。在NaOH负载质量分数为24.7%、吸附剂质量分数为20%、吸附温度为20℃、吸附时间为4 min的较优条件下,1,2-丙二醇的质量分数从90%提高到92%,乙二醇吸附量高达69.2 mg/g。乙二醇移除率约为丙二醇损失率的10倍,表现出较高的分离选择性。Gaussian 03分子模拟软件的计算结果表明:乙二醇的羟基氢原子带有明显的正电性,而1,2-丙二醇的羟基氢原子显示负电性或电中性,故只有乙二醇的羟基有显著的Lewis酸性,这种独特的酸-碱相互作用是分离选择性的根本原因。

葵盘果胶与海藻酸钠丙二醇酯复配在搅拌型酸奶中的应用

将葵盘果胶与海藻酸钠丙二醇酯(PGA)进行复配并应用在酸奶中以弥补单独葵盘果胶在搅拌型酸奶中应用时的不足。本研究以单因素实验结果为基础,将葵盘果胶、PGA添加量作为变量因素,以酸奶的感官评价得分、表观黏度、脱水收缩敏感性、持水能力、凝胶强度为响应值,通过响应面法建立分析模型确定两者复配在酸奶中应用的最佳优化配方。结果表明,响应面优化的亲水性胶体添加量为:0.22g/100 g葵盘果胶,0.10 g/100g PGA。本实验为葵盘果胶及葵盘果胶与PGA复配胶在搅拌型酸奶工业的应用提供了理论依据。

三种温和还原法制备Pt/SDB

Pt/SDB是液相催化交换(LPCE)反应处理核电产生含氚废水的一种很有前途的催化剂。采用悬浮聚合法制备得到介孔聚苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯(SDB),以硼氢化钠(SBH)、水合肼(HH)或乙二醇(EG)为还原剂,温和还原法制备SDB载体负载铂活性颗粒,产物分别记为Pt/SDB-SBH、Pt/SDB-HH或Pt/SDB-EG。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、氮气吸附脱附和氢-水催化交换实验等对其结构形貌及催化活性表征。结果表明:Pt/SDB-SBH疏水催化剂具有突出的性能和优异的催化活性,Pt纳米颗粒平均粒径约为3.3 nm,Pt^(0)组分比例为72.0%,催化交换柱效率达65.0%,并在120 min保持稳定。为低温还原制备Pt/SDB疏水催化剂提供了一种新的策略。

分散剂对羟基磷灰石除氟剂制备的影响

羟基磷灰石(HAP)是经济高效且安全低碳的除氟剂,其制备时存在反应体系颗粒团聚板结导致产品性能不佳问题。该研究以熟石灰和磷酸为原料,采用加入分散剂的反向滴加化学沉淀法在常温下制备HAP除氟剂,探索分散剂对HAP制备的影响。结果表明:十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)/乙二醇组合为最佳分散剂,且SDBS、乙二醇和氢氧化钙的最佳质量比为1∶1∶1 000。在优化分散条件下,制得的产品除氟容量达16.56 mg/g,提高了32.90%。反应体系pH值随着氢氧化钙加入而不断升高,在105 min时达到最高值12.96,之后持续降低至8.13。OH-消耗速率与除氟量增加速率的比值先升高后降低,其在180 min时达到最大值4.98,在235 min后低于1.00。颗粒团聚粒径在60 min后持续减小,360 min时产品的d10、d_(50)和d_(90)分别为7.46、15.65和42.41μm,d_(50)和d_(90)较对照组分别降低了56.83%和52.21%。产品中HAP晶体呈纳米级,以团聚形式存在。产品能快速去除水中氟离子,符合拟二级动力学模型。

SA/AKP/PEG 4000神经导管的制备与表征

将神经导管植入损伤的神经组织处可促进神经恢复。受成本与技术的限制,湿法成型难以批量生产孔径大小和分布相对均匀的神经导管。为连续制备孔径大小及分布均匀的神经导管,以海藻酸钠、磷虾蛋白生物可降解材料作为基体,以PEG 4000作为致孔剂,通过低温湿法成型结合冷冻干燥方法制备了多孔神经导管支架材料,表征了材料的结构和性质。结果表明,PEG 4000有降低溶液的黏度、提高导管热稳定性的作用,导管截面具有蜂窝状孔洞结构,其孔径在10~20μm,最大孔隙率达到97%。导管为亲水材料,其吸液性能随PEG 4000质量分数呈先增大后减小的趋势,PEG 4000质量分数为30%~40%时导管的吸液性能达到1 417%。

聚乳酸超细纤维敷料的熔喷成形工艺及其快速导液特性

为拓展聚乳酸(PLA)超细纤维非织造材料在医用敷料领域的应用,以聚乙二醇(PEG)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)共混改性PLA为原料,利用熔喷非织造成形方法制备PLA/PEG/SDS超细纤维材料,并对其结构和导液特性进行测试与分析。结果表明:随着SDS质量分数由0%增大到1.5%,PLA/PEG/SDS共混聚合物的冷结晶温度从116.02℃降至93.58℃(降低约23.9%),熔融温度从164.10℃降至150.58℃(降低约8.9%);材料中超细纤维(纤维直径<5μm)的数量占比从0%增大至57%,同时5μL水的浸没时间从0.24 s降低至0.06 s,液体扩散面积从36.05 cm^(2)增大至78.26 cm^(2),吸水速率从4.38%/s提升至9.15%/s,液态水分扩散速率从2.21 mm/s提升至8.34 mm/s,表明液体导液特性有所提升,可用做敷料和补片等医用护理材料的基材。

大肠息肉术前聚乙二醇、磷酸钠盐肠道准备对比研究

目的比较大肠息肉内镜治疗前,采用聚乙二醇电解质散(PEG)、磷酸钠盐口服溶液进行肠道准备,评估患者耐受性、肠道准备效果。方法拟行肠镜下大肠息肉切除的住院患者,分别采用PEG、磷酸钠盐口服溶液进行肠道准备,每组各20例,记录患者服药方法、口感、不良反应、排便情况、肠镜检查前后实验室检查结果等。肠镜检查医生记录肠镜检查时间、肠道准备渥太华评分,并在1年内复查肠镜,评估息肉再检出率。结果两组患者在年龄、性别、体重、既往便秘情况等方面无统计学差异。各部位渥太华肠道清洁评分及总评分,两组间无统计学差异。两组中左半结肠评分高于中段结肠,具统计学差异。患者均完成息肉切除。术后复查血常规、肝功能、电解质、心电图等无严重不良事件发生,1年内息肉再检出率为10%。结论PEG服用剂量3000mL,分次口服可被多数患者接受,部分患者服用中出现恶心呕吐。磷酸钠盐溶液服用剂量1500mL,耐受性较好,口感评价相似。两种药物在本研究中均显示较好的安全性,磷酸钠盐耐受性优于PEG,清洁效果二者无明显差别。评估患者心肺、肝肾功能及基础疾病后,PEG、磷酸钠盐均可作为一线肠道准备药物。