Using polysulfone （PSF） hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes as the substrate, sodium alginate （SA） and polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） blend solutions as the coating solution, and maleic anhydride （MAC） as the cros...Using polysulfone （PSF） hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes as the substrate, sodium alginate （SA） and polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） blend solutions as the coating solution, and maleic anhydride （MAC） as the cross-linked agent, SAPVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes were prepared for the dehydration of ethanol-water. The effects of different sodium alginate concentration in the coating solutions and different operating temperatures on pervaporation performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that pervaporation performance of the SA-PVA/PSF composite membranes for ethanol-water solution exhibited a high separation factor although they had a relatively low permeation flux. As SA concentration in SA-PVA coating solution was 66.7% and the operating temperature was 40 ℃, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membrane （PS4） had a separation factor of 886 and flux of 12.6 g/（m^2·h）. Besides, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes （PS3 and PS4） were used for the investigation of the effect of ethanol concentration in the feed solution on pervaporation performance.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the degradation efficiencies of free and entrapped bacterial consortia(Staphylococcus capitis CP053957.1 and Achromobacter marplatensis MT078618.1)to different pol...The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the degradation efficiencies of free and entrapped bacterial consortia(Staphylococcus capitis CP053957.1 and Achromobacter marplatensis MT078618.1)to different polymers such as Sodium Alginate(SA),Sodium Alginate/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)(SA/PVA),and Bushnell Haas Agar(BHA).In addition to SA and SA/PVA,which are cost-effective,non-toxic and have different functional groups,BHA,which is frequently encountered in laboratory-scale studies but has not been used as an entrapment material until now.Based on these,the polymers with different surface morphologies and chemical compositions were analyzed by SEM and FT-IR.While the petroleum removal efficiency was higher with the entrapped bacterial consortia than with the free one,BHA-entrapped bacterial consortium enhanced the petroleum removal more than SA and SA/PVA.Accordingly,the degradation rate of bacterial consortia entrapped with BHA was 2.039 day^(-1),SA/PVA was 1.560,SA was 0.993,the half-life period of BHA-entrapped bacterial consortia is quite low(t_(1/2)=0.339)compared with SA(t_(1/2)=0.444)and SA/PVA(t_(1/2)=0.697).The effects of the four main factors such as:amount of BHA(0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3 g),disc size(4,5,6,7,8 mm),inoculum concentration(1,2.5,5,7.5,10 mL),and incubation period on petroleum removal were also investigated.The maximum petroleum removal(94.5%)was obtained at≥2.5 mL of bacterial consortium entrapped in 2 g BHA with a 7 mm disc size at 168 h and the results were also confirmed by statistical analysis.Although a decrease was observed during the reuse of bacterial consortium entrapped in BHA,the petroleum removal was still above 50%at 10th cycle.Based on GC-MS analysis,the removal capacity of BHA-entrapped consortium was over 90%for short-chain n-alkanes and 80%for medium-chain n-alkanes.Overall,the obtained data are expected to provide a potential guideline in cleaning up the large-scale oil pollution in the future.Since there has been no similar study investigating petroleum removal with the bacterial consortia entrapped with BHA,this novel entrapment material can potentially be used in the treatment of petroleum pollution in advanced remediation studies.展开更多
One interpenetrating network hydrogel based on sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was synthesized by combining the raw materials of PVA and SA with the double physical crosslinking methods of freezing th...One interpenetrating network hydrogel based on sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was synthesized by combining the raw materials of PVA and SA with the double physical crosslinking methods of freezing thawing and Ca2+ crosslinking. The PVA-SA composite hydrogel have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy for surface morphology, infrared spectroscopy for investigating the chemical interactions between PVA and SA, X-ray diffraction for studying the PVA-SA composite structure property and thermal gravimetric for understanding the PVA-SA composite thermal stability. The swelling behavior and the degradation rate of the PVA-SA composite hydrogel were studied in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and salicylic acid as the model drugs, the release behavior of the PVASA composite hydrogel on macromolecular protein drugs and small molecule drug were evaluated. The results showed that the water absorption and degradation ability of the PVA-SA composite hydrogel was much better compared to the pure SA hydrogel or pure PVA hydrogel. The hydrogel exhibited remarkable pH sensitivity and the network was stable in the simulated intestinal fluid for more than 24 h. With the advantages such as mild preparation conditions, simple method, less reagent and none severe reaction, the PVA-SA composite hydrogel is expected to be a new prosperous facile sustained drug delivery carrier.展开更多
BACKGROUND Calciphylaxis is a form of vascular calcification more commonly associated with renal disease. While the exact mechanism of calciphylaxis is poorly understood,most cases are due to end stage kidney disease....BACKGROUND Calciphylaxis is a form of vascular calcification more commonly associated with renal disease. While the exact mechanism of calciphylaxis is poorly understood,most cases are due to end stage kidney disease. However, it can also be found in patients without kidney disease and in such cases is termed non-uremic calciphylaxis for which have multiple proposed etiologies.CASE SUMMARY We describe a case of a thirty-year-old morbidly obese Caucasian female who had a positive history of alcoholic hepatitis and presented with painful calciphylaxis wounds of the abdomen, hips, and thighs. The hypercoagulability panel showed low levels of Protein C and normal Protein S, low Antithrombin Ⅲ and positive lupus anticoagulant and negative anticardiolipin. Wound biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of non-uremic calciphylaxis in the setting of alcoholic liver disease. The calciphylaxis wounds did not improve when Sodium Thiosulfate was used alone. The patient underwent a series of bedside and surgical debridement. Broad spectrum antibiotics were also used for secondary wound bacterial infections. The patient passed away shortly after due to sepsis and multiorgan failure.CONCLUSION Non-uremic Calciphylaxis can occur in the setting of alcoholic liver disease. The treatment of choice is still unknown.展开更多
The forming mechanism of microemulsion of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, alcohols,water and isooctane was studied, with particular emphasis on the effect of molecular weight andconcentration of alcohols. Phase diagram of t...The forming mechanism of microemulsion of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, alcohols,water and isooctane was studied, with particular emphasis on the effect of molecular weight andconcentration of alcohols. Phase diagram of the four components, alcohol, sodium dodecyl sulfonate,water and isooctane, was used as a means of study, through which the microemulsion regions weredetermined. Phase diagram of sodium dodecyl sulfonate/n-pentanol/isooctane/water system at κ_m = 2(κ_m = W_(n-pentanol)/W_(SDS)) is presented. The variation of conductivities of differentmicroemulsion samples with water was measured. From the conductivities we investigated a change instructure from water droplets in oil (W/O) at low water content to liquid crystal at intermediatewater content and a stricture of oil droplets in water (O/W) at high water content.展开更多
A selective, precise and stability-indicating, high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of active ingredient sodium Picosulfate and forced degradation behavior was studied. The cur...A selective, precise and stability-indicating, high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of active ingredient sodium Picosulfate and forced degradation behavior was studied. The current article describes forced degradation behavior of the Sodium Picosulfate drug substance in detail by analyzing 15 process related/degradants in a single HPLC method under ICH recommended stressed conditions. Mobile phase comprised of 0.01 M of Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.01 M of potassium phosphate monobasic buffer and 1 mL of triethyl amine in 1000 mL water adjusted to pH 7.5 with 10% phosphoric acid. Acetonitrile was used as Mobile Phase B. The separation was achieved on a gradient method. The reversed phase chromatography was performed in Hypersil BDS C18 5.0 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm column maintained at temperature 35°C. Injection volume was 60 μL. Milli-Q water used as diluent. The mobile phase was pumped at 0.9 mL/min<sup>-1</sup>. The eluted compounds were monitored at 220 nm. Secondary wavelength of the 263 nm was studied to check any further degradants during the forced degradation studies. New additional degradants Sodium Picosulfate Benzyl alcohol Impurity and N oxide degradations were discussed and studied during the forced degradation to understand the chemical stability of the drug substance.展开更多
In this study, nanostructured microparticles was developed with polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) and nanoparticles of the commercial sodium clay NT-25®by using the spray drying technique. The...In this study, nanostructured microparticles was developed with polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) and nanoparticles of the commercial sodium clay NT-25®by using the spray drying technique. The systems obtained were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Laser Light Scattering (DLS) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The NMR <sup>13</sup>C and FTIR techniques showed that both polymers were present in the microparticles and the DSC analysis revealed a small variation in the glass transition temperature of the PCL. The XRD and SEM analyses showed that the microparticles produced were amorphous and had a concave morphology. The NT-25 nanoload reduced the microparticles’ size due to the multiple interactions formed in the hybrid nanocomposite material. Therefore, it was possible to develop microparticles by using biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, with different polarities, allowing the incorporation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials and enabling the inclusion of otherwise incompatible materials in the same system.展开更多
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a common comorbidity with type 2 diabetes.The existing therapeutic options for NAFLD are not adequate.Hypocaloric diet and exercise is the cornerstone of therapy i...BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a common comorbidity with type 2 diabetes.The existing therapeutic options for NAFLD are not adequate.Hypocaloric diet and exercise is the cornerstone of therapy in NAFLD.Pioglitazone is the only drug recommended in diabetes patients with biopsy proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.The frequent coexistence of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes with their combined adverse health consequences and inadequate therapeutic options makes it necessary to search for newer alternatives.AIM To assess the effect of sodium glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT-2)inhibitors on liver enzymes in type 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD.METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane library,Google scholar,and Clinicaltrials.gov for the relevant articles to be included in this systematic review.Human studies done in type 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors for at least 12 wk were included.Data from eight studies(four randomised controlled trials and four observational studies)were extracted and a narrative synthesis was done.A total of 214 patients were treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors in these studies(94 in randomised controlled trials and 120 in observational studies).RESULTS The primary outcome measure was change in serum alanine aminotransferase level.Out of eight studies,seven studies showed a significant decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase level.Most of the studies revealed reduction in serum level of other liver enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase.Five studies that reported a change in hepatic fat exhibited a significant reduction in hepatic fat content in those treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors.Likewise,among the three studies that evaluated a change in indices of hepatic fibrosis,two studies revealed a significant improvement in liver fibrosis.Moreover,there was an improvement in obesity,insulin resistance,glycaemia,and lipid parameters in those subjects taking SGLT-2 inhibitors.The studies disclosed that about 17%(30/176)of the subjects taking SGLT-2 inhibitors developed adverse events and more than 40%(10/23)of them had genitourinary tract infections.CONCLUSION Based on low to moderate quality of evidence,SGLT-2 inhibitors improve the serum level of liver enzymes,decrease liver fat,and fibrosis with additional beneficial effects on various metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD.展开更多
This paper thoroughly studies the＇. process of obtaining sulfur nanoparticles in aqueous medium from sodium polysulfide. Nanosize sulfur particles with orthorhombic structure were obtained at room temperature by mixi...This paper thoroughly studies the＇. process of obtaining sulfur nanoparticles in aqueous medium from sodium polysulfide. Nanosize sulfur particles with orthorhombic structure were obtained at room temperature by mixing sodium polysulfide aqueous solution with various inorganic and organic acids. Sulfur nanoparticles were characterized by laser particle-size analyzer, X-ray diffraction, electron probe microscopy. Size of sulfur nanoparticles in aqueous dispersion is affected ;trongly by acid concentration, as well as nature of alcohols, used as wetting agents when measuring sulfur particles size iin aqueous medium. Availability of obtaining sulfur nanoparticles of 22-25 nm average si;,e in aqueous medium was revealed. High biological activity of sulfur nanoparticles and ethylalcohol composition on wheat grain couching was established.展开更多
Objective: A novel PVA-CaAlg composite material by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) was fabricated to investigate the feasibility serving as a scaffold for tissue engineering and to find out the most i...Objective: A novel PVA-CaAlg composite material by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) was fabricated to investigate the feasibility serving as a scaffold for tissue engineering and to find out the most ideal proportion according to their properties. Methods: Film, graininess and sponge scaffolds of PVA-CaAlg were fabricated by three different methods. Water content and swelling ratio were tested. SEM was used to observe the configuration of the cross section. Results: Different proportional scaffolds could be obtained with different PVA molecular weight, alcoholysis degree and different SA dosages. The water content of different scaffolds ranged from 48% to 93% and showed different inner configuration with swelling ratio between 120% and 470%. SEM proved that different composite materials had different porous structures. Conclusion: A scaffold for tissue engineering with high water content and proper swelling ratio can be fabricated using PVA and SA. The porous structure shows potential in tissue engineering and cell culture.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2003CB615705)
文摘Using polysulfone （PSF） hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes as the substrate, sodium alginate （SA） and polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） blend solutions as the coating solution, and maleic anhydride （MAC） as the cross-linked agent, SAPVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes were prepared for the dehydration of ethanol-water. The effects of different sodium alginate concentration in the coating solutions and different operating temperatures on pervaporation performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that pervaporation performance of the SA-PVA/PSF composite membranes for ethanol-water solution exhibited a high separation factor although they had a relatively low permeation flux. As SA concentration in SA-PVA coating solution was 66.7% and the operating temperature was 40 ℃, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membrane （PS4） had a separation factor of 886 and flux of 12.6 g/（m^2·h）. Besides, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes （PS3 and PS4） were used for the investigation of the effect of ethanol concentration in the feed solution on pervaporation performance.
文摘The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the degradation efficiencies of free and entrapped bacterial consortia(Staphylococcus capitis CP053957.1 and Achromobacter marplatensis MT078618.1)to different polymers such as Sodium Alginate(SA),Sodium Alginate/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)(SA/PVA),and Bushnell Haas Agar(BHA).In addition to SA and SA/PVA,which are cost-effective,non-toxic and have different functional groups,BHA,which is frequently encountered in laboratory-scale studies but has not been used as an entrapment material until now.Based on these,the polymers with different surface morphologies and chemical compositions were analyzed by SEM and FT-IR.While the petroleum removal efficiency was higher with the entrapped bacterial consortia than with the free one,BHA-entrapped bacterial consortium enhanced the petroleum removal more than SA and SA/PVA.Accordingly,the degradation rate of bacterial consortia entrapped with BHA was 2.039 day^(-1),SA/PVA was 1.560,SA was 0.993,the half-life period of BHA-entrapped bacterial consortia is quite low(t_(1/2)=0.339)compared with SA(t_(1/2)=0.444)and SA/PVA(t_(1/2)=0.697).The effects of the four main factors such as:amount of BHA(0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3 g),disc size(4,5,6,7,8 mm),inoculum concentration(1,2.5,5,7.5,10 mL),and incubation period on petroleum removal were also investigated.The maximum petroleum removal(94.5%)was obtained at≥2.5 mL of bacterial consortium entrapped in 2 g BHA with a 7 mm disc size at 168 h and the results were also confirmed by statistical analysis.Although a decrease was observed during the reuse of bacterial consortium entrapped in BHA,the petroleum removal was still above 50%at 10th cycle.Based on GC-MS analysis,the removal capacity of BHA-entrapped consortium was over 90%for short-chain n-alkanes and 80%for medium-chain n-alkanes.Overall,the obtained data are expected to provide a potential guideline in cleaning up the large-scale oil pollution in the future.Since there has been no similar study investigating petroleum removal with the bacterial consortia entrapped with BHA,this novel entrapment material can potentially be used in the treatment of petroleum pollution in advanced remediation studies.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81401510)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2017CFB414)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,South-Central University for Nationalities(No.CZY19030)the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project(No.GCX16034)
文摘One interpenetrating network hydrogel based on sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was synthesized by combining the raw materials of PVA and SA with the double physical crosslinking methods of freezing thawing and Ca2+ crosslinking. The PVA-SA composite hydrogel have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy for surface morphology, infrared spectroscopy for investigating the chemical interactions between PVA and SA, X-ray diffraction for studying the PVA-SA composite structure property and thermal gravimetric for understanding the PVA-SA composite thermal stability. The swelling behavior and the degradation rate of the PVA-SA composite hydrogel were studied in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and salicylic acid as the model drugs, the release behavior of the PVASA composite hydrogel on macromolecular protein drugs and small molecule drug were evaluated. The results showed that the water absorption and degradation ability of the PVA-SA composite hydrogel was much better compared to the pure SA hydrogel or pure PVA hydrogel. The hydrogel exhibited remarkable pH sensitivity and the network was stable in the simulated intestinal fluid for more than 24 h. With the advantages such as mild preparation conditions, simple method, less reagent and none severe reaction, the PVA-SA composite hydrogel is expected to be a new prosperous facile sustained drug delivery carrier.
文摘BACKGROUND Calciphylaxis is a form of vascular calcification more commonly associated with renal disease. While the exact mechanism of calciphylaxis is poorly understood,most cases are due to end stage kidney disease. However, it can also be found in patients without kidney disease and in such cases is termed non-uremic calciphylaxis for which have multiple proposed etiologies.CASE SUMMARY We describe a case of a thirty-year-old morbidly obese Caucasian female who had a positive history of alcoholic hepatitis and presented with painful calciphylaxis wounds of the abdomen, hips, and thighs. The hypercoagulability panel showed low levels of Protein C and normal Protein S, low Antithrombin Ⅲ and positive lupus anticoagulant and negative anticardiolipin. Wound biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of non-uremic calciphylaxis in the setting of alcoholic liver disease. The calciphylaxis wounds did not improve when Sodium Thiosulfate was used alone. The patient underwent a series of bedside and surgical debridement. Broad spectrum antibiotics were also used for secondary wound bacterial infections. The patient passed away shortly after due to sepsis and multiorgan failure.CONCLUSION Non-uremic Calciphylaxis can occur in the setting of alcoholic liver disease. The treatment of choice is still unknown.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. 299018).
文摘The forming mechanism of microemulsion of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, alcohols,water and isooctane was studied, with particular emphasis on the effect of molecular weight andconcentration of alcohols. Phase diagram of the four components, alcohol, sodium dodecyl sulfonate,water and isooctane, was used as a means of study, through which the microemulsion regions weredetermined. Phase diagram of sodium dodecyl sulfonate/n-pentanol/isooctane/water system at κ_m = 2(κ_m = W_(n-pentanol)/W_(SDS)) is presented. The variation of conductivities of differentmicroemulsion samples with water was measured. From the conductivities we investigated a change instructure from water droplets in oil (W/O) at low water content to liquid crystal at intermediatewater content and a stricture of oil droplets in water (O/W) at high water content.
文摘A selective, precise and stability-indicating, high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of active ingredient sodium Picosulfate and forced degradation behavior was studied. The current article describes forced degradation behavior of the Sodium Picosulfate drug substance in detail by analyzing 15 process related/degradants in a single HPLC method under ICH recommended stressed conditions. Mobile phase comprised of 0.01 M of Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.01 M of potassium phosphate monobasic buffer and 1 mL of triethyl amine in 1000 mL water adjusted to pH 7.5 with 10% phosphoric acid. Acetonitrile was used as Mobile Phase B. The separation was achieved on a gradient method. The reversed phase chromatography was performed in Hypersil BDS C18 5.0 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm column maintained at temperature 35°C. Injection volume was 60 μL. Milli-Q water used as diluent. The mobile phase was pumped at 0.9 mL/min<sup>-1</sup>. The eluted compounds were monitored at 220 nm. Secondary wavelength of the 263 nm was studied to check any further degradants during the forced degradation studies. New additional degradants Sodium Picosulfate Benzyl alcohol Impurity and N oxide degradations were discussed and studied during the forced degradation to understand the chemical stability of the drug substance.
文摘In this study, nanostructured microparticles was developed with polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) and nanoparticles of the commercial sodium clay NT-25®by using the spray drying technique. The systems obtained were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Laser Light Scattering (DLS) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The NMR <sup>13</sup>C and FTIR techniques showed that both polymers were present in the microparticles and the DSC analysis revealed a small variation in the glass transition temperature of the PCL. The XRD and SEM analyses showed that the microparticles produced were amorphous and had a concave morphology. The NT-25 nanoload reduced the microparticles’ size due to the multiple interactions formed in the hybrid nanocomposite material. Therefore, it was possible to develop microparticles by using biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, with different polarities, allowing the incorporation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials and enabling the inclusion of otherwise incompatible materials in the same system.
文摘BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a common comorbidity with type 2 diabetes.The existing therapeutic options for NAFLD are not adequate.Hypocaloric diet and exercise is the cornerstone of therapy in NAFLD.Pioglitazone is the only drug recommended in diabetes patients with biopsy proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.The frequent coexistence of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes with their combined adverse health consequences and inadequate therapeutic options makes it necessary to search for newer alternatives.AIM To assess the effect of sodium glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT-2)inhibitors on liver enzymes in type 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD.METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane library,Google scholar,and Clinicaltrials.gov for the relevant articles to be included in this systematic review.Human studies done in type 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors for at least 12 wk were included.Data from eight studies(four randomised controlled trials and four observational studies)were extracted and a narrative synthesis was done.A total of 214 patients were treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors in these studies(94 in randomised controlled trials and 120 in observational studies).RESULTS The primary outcome measure was change in serum alanine aminotransferase level.Out of eight studies,seven studies showed a significant decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase level.Most of the studies revealed reduction in serum level of other liver enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase.Five studies that reported a change in hepatic fat exhibited a significant reduction in hepatic fat content in those treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors.Likewise,among the three studies that evaluated a change in indices of hepatic fibrosis,two studies revealed a significant improvement in liver fibrosis.Moreover,there was an improvement in obesity,insulin resistance,glycaemia,and lipid parameters in those subjects taking SGLT-2 inhibitors.The studies disclosed that about 17%(30/176)of the subjects taking SGLT-2 inhibitors developed adverse events and more than 40%(10/23)of them had genitourinary tract infections.CONCLUSION Based on low to moderate quality of evidence,SGLT-2 inhibitors improve the serum level of liver enzymes,decrease liver fat,and fibrosis with additional beneficial effects on various metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD.
文摘This paper thoroughly studies the＇. process of obtaining sulfur nanoparticles in aqueous medium from sodium polysulfide. Nanosize sulfur particles with orthorhombic structure were obtained at room temperature by mixing sodium polysulfide aqueous solution with various inorganic and organic acids. Sulfur nanoparticles were characterized by laser particle-size analyzer, X-ray diffraction, electron probe microscopy. Size of sulfur nanoparticles in aqueous dispersion is affected ;trongly by acid concentration, as well as nature of alcohols, used as wetting agents when measuring sulfur particles size iin aqueous medium. Availability of obtaining sulfur nanoparticles of 22-25 nm average si;,e in aqueous medium was revealed. High biological activity of sulfur nanoparticles and ethylalcohol composition on wheat grain couching was established.
文摘Objective: A novel PVA-CaAlg composite material by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) was fabricated to investigate the feasibility serving as a scaffold for tissue engineering and to find out the most ideal proportion according to their properties. Methods: Film, graininess and sponge scaffolds of PVA-CaAlg were fabricated by three different methods. Water content and swelling ratio were tested. SEM was used to observe the configuration of the cross section. Results: Different proportional scaffolds could be obtained with different PVA molecular weight, alcoholysis degree and different SA dosages. The water content of different scaffolds ranged from 48% to 93% and showed different inner configuration with swelling ratio between 120% and 470%. SEM proved that different composite materials had different porous structures. Conclusion: A scaffold for tissue engineering with high water content and proper swelling ratio can be fabricated using PVA and SA. The porous structure shows potential in tissue engineering and cell culture.
