Use of sodium bicarbonate and blood gas monitoring in diabetic ketoacidosis: A review

Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA) is a severe and toocommon complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Acidosis is one of the fundamental disruptions stemming from the disease process, the complications of which are potentially lethal. Hydration and insulin administration have been the cornerstones of DKA therapy; however, adjunctive treatments such as the use of sodium bicarbonate and protocols that include serial monitoring with blood gas analysis have been much more controversial. There is substantial literature available regarding the use of exogenous sodium bicarbonate in mild to moderately severe acidosis; the bulk of the data argue against significant benefit in important clinical outcomes and suggest possible adverse effects with the use of bicarbonate. However, there is scant data to support or refute the role of bicarbonate therapy in very severe acidosis. Arterial blood gas(ABG) assessment is an element of some treatment protocols, including society guidelines, for DKA. We review the evidence supporting these recommendations. In addition, we review the data supporting some less cumbersome tests, including venous blood gas assessment and routine chemistries. It remains unclear that measurement of blood gas pH, via arterial or venous sampling, impacts management of the patient substantially enough to warrant the testing, especially if sodium bicarbonate administration is not being considered. There are special circumstances when serial ABG monitoring and/or sodium bicarbonate infusion are necessary, which we also review. Additional studies are needed to determine the utility of these interventions in patients with severe DKA and pH less than 7.0.

Basic and clinical study of increased effect of partial anti-tumor agents by infusing sodium bicarbonate through target artery

Objective： To observe the influence of pH value on the proliferation of LAK cells and on the killing effect of rlL-2, IFN-α2b, TNF-α, LAK cells and doxorubicin on malignant tumor cells, and investigate the possibility of increasing the efficacy of rlL-2 or IFN-α2b and doxorubicin by infusing sodium bicarbonate （NaHCO3） through target arteries. Methods： Separating single nucleus cells from peripheral blood of healthy men, and observing the influence of pH on the activation of single nucleus cells by rlL-2. MTT assay was used to measure the killing effect of rlL-2, IFN-α2b and TNF-α on 7404 cells and the increased effect of doxorubicin on rlL-2 and IFN-α2b, the cytotoxity of LAK cells in different pH. Forty-two patients with advanced primary liver cancer were obtained by stratified random, NaHCO3, rIL-2/IFN-α2b and doxorubicin were infused through target arteries. The efficacy was estimated after two cycles. Results： The conditions of pH 7.3 and pH 7.6 in vitro helped the proliferation of LAK cells and the killing effect of rIL-2, IFN-α2b and LAK cells on 7404 cells. In the condition of pH 6.8 there was almost no killing effect for LAK cells. In the condition of pH 7.0, 7.2, 7.4 and 7.6, the killing rate of TNF-α to 7404 cells increased by degrees, and in pH 7.4 the killing effect was the optimum. After two cycles treatments in the 42 patients with advanced primary liver cancer, the response rate （CR＋PR） was 88% （37/42）. The median overall response and median overall survival were increased, and no complication associated with infusing sodium bicarbonate was observed. Conclusion： The killing effect of rIL-2, IFN-α2b, TNF-α and doxorubicin on malignant tumor cells was enhanced by increasing the pH value.

Thermally decarboxylated sodium bicarbonate:Interactions with water vapour,calorimetric study

Isothermal titration calorimetry （ITC） was used to study interactions between water vapour and the surface of thermally converted sodium bicarbonate （NaHCO3）. The decarboxyla- tion degree of the samples was varied from 3% to 35% and the humidity range was 54-100%. The obtained enthalpy values were all exothermic and showed a positive linear correlation with decarboxylation degrees for each humidity studied. The critical humidity, 75% （RHo）, was determined as the inflection point on a plot of the mean-AH kJ/mole Na2CO3 against RH. Humidities above the critical humidity lead to complete surface dissolution. The water uptake （m） was determined after each calorimetric experiment, complementing the enthalpy data. A mechanism of water vapour interaction with decarboxylated samples, including the formation of trona and Wegscheider＇s salt on the bicarbonate surface is proposed for humidities below RHo.

Expression and Purification of Hydrophilic Domains of Bovine Anion Exchanger,Member 1 and Electrogenic Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter 1

[ Objective] To express and purify the intracellular hydrophilic domains of bovine membrane carrier proteins：anion exchanger, member 1 （AE1） and electregenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 （NBCel）, which were associated with bicarbonate ion transport. [ Method] The hydrophilic domains of bovine AE1 and NBCel were amplified by PCR and inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a, respectively. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into the expression strain E. coli BL21 （DE3） and then induced by IPTG. The expressed proteins were purified by nickel ion affinity chromatography and analyzed by 15% SDS-PAGE. [Result] The hydrophilic domains of bovine AE1 and NBCel were amplified respectively by PCR and expressed by prokaryotic expression system with the induction of IPTG. They were mainly expressed in the cyto- plasm of E. coli and high-purity was achieved by nickel ion affinity chromatography. [Condusion] The expression of the hydrophilic domains of bovine AE1 and NBCel provides a major exit route for preparation of antibodies and the regulatory mechanisms of carrier proteins.

Sodium Bicarbonate—A Potent Ergogenic Aid?

This report aims to look at the role of Sodium bicarbonate as a potent Ergogenic aid and its role in improving the performance of athletes. It includes the mechanism of action of sodium bicarbonate during high-intensity exercise. The report also shows the various types of athletes who can be benefited from sodium bicarbonate loading, evidences for improvement in performance, conflicting evidences, recommended dosages and side-effects for bicarbonate loading.

A comparative in vitro study on the cerumenolytic effect of docusate sodium versus 2.5%sodium bicarbonate using UVevisible absorption spectroscopy

Objective:To compare cerumenolytic effects of docusate sodium and of 2.5%sodium bicarbonate-In vitro study;observe characteristics of the solution,using ultravioletevisible(UV/Vis)spectroscopy,and measurement of cholesterol levels.Methods:Samples of human cerumen were mixed to form a relatively homogenous paste.Samples of about 500mg were weighed and packed at the bottom of the test tubes.To each tube was added 1.5 ml of either docusate sodium or 2.5%sodium bicarbonate.Tubes were incubated at 36.4C in a water bath for 15,30 or 60 min.Following incubation,the supernatant solution was pipetted into a cuvette.The cerumenolytic efficacy was defined as the absorbance(recorded at 350 nm and 400 nm)of the solutions.Results were the average of three replicates.A cholesterol level of each sample was then determined to confirm the result.Results:Turbidity was much greater in tubes containing 2.5%sodium bicarbonate,indicating dissolution of cerumen.Mean difference of absorbance values measured at 350 nm and 400 nm after 15,30,60 min digestions were 1.93[95%CI 1.49e2.38,p-value<0.001]and 1.81[95%CI 1.21e2.41,p-value<0.001],respectively.Furthermore,levels of cholesterol were greater in tubes containing 2.5%sodium bicarbonate solution after digestion than in tubes containing docusate sodium;11 mg/dl[95%CI 1.47e24.14,pvalue?0.083]Conclusion:Both spectrophotometric and cholesterol level assessments suggest that 2.5%sodium bicarbonate has a higher cerumenolytic effect than docusate sodium.In other words,cerumen can be dissolved in 2.5%sodium bicarbonate much better than docusate sodium in a time-dependent manner.

Effect of Low-Dose Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Intermittent Endurance Performance

In this study, we investigated the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation at a dose of 0.2 g&middot;kg&minus;1 40 min before an exercise on intermittent endurance performance and gastrointestinal distress. The participants were six healthy male students of a university. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) was used for the evaluation of intermittent endurance. The participants ingested water (Cont) or NaHCO3 independently at three timings. After drinking water, the Yo-Yo IR1 was performed for 2 min as warm-up. After resting for 5 min, the Yo-Yo IR2 was initiated. The measurement items were exercise distance, nutrition intake, biochemical test results, and blood gas analysis findings. The participants who ingested NaHCO3 had a 14% extended distance than those who ingested Cont, and 2/3 of those who took NaHCO3 showed a better motor performance. No significant difference was observed between the participants who took Cont and NaHCO3 in terms of pH level at baseline, and the NaHCO3 level was significantly higher during pre- and post-exercise (p 3 in terms of bicarbonate ion level at baseline, and the NaHCO3 level was significantly higher during pre- and post-exercise (p 3 at a low dose (0.2 g&middot;kg&minus;1), their exercise ability during an intermittent endurance test has improved. Furthermore, when digestive absorption is considered, eating a meal in advance may be able to suppress the onset of gastrointestinal distress.

Outcome Values of Adding Sodium Bicarbonate, Dexamethasone and Fentanyl to Local Anesthetic in Peribulbar Block during Vitreoretinal Surgeries. A Randomized Prospective Study

Background and aims: we aimed to detect the outcome values of adding fentanyl, dexamethasone and sodium bicarbonate to mixture of local anesthetic in peribulbar block for vitreoretinal surgery. Methods: 120 adult ASA I & II patients, admitted for vitreoretinal surgery under peribulbar block were included in this comparative study. This study included 4 groups: Group I: (30) patients using a mixture of 1 ml normal saline, 4 ml lidocaine 2% plus 4 ml from bupivacaine 0.5% 20 ml vial containing hyaluronidase 1500 IU. Group II: (30) patients using a mixture of 1 ml of sodium bicarbonate (from 1 ml sodium bicarbonate 8.4% diluted in 10 ml normal saline), 4 ml lidocaine 2% plus 4 ml from bupivacaine 0.5% 20 ml vial containing hyaluronidase 1500 IU. Group III: (30) patients using a mixture of 1 ml fentanyl 20 μg (from a mixture of fentanyl 100 μg diluted in 5 ml normal saline), 4 ml lidocaine 2% plus 4 ml from bupivacaine 0.5% 20 ml vial containing hyaluronidase 1500 IU. Group IV: (30) patients using a mixture of 1 ml of 4 mg dexamethasone (1 ampoule = 8 mg/2 ml), 4 ml lidocaine 2% plus 4 ml from bupivacaine 0.5% 20 ml vial containing hyaluronidase 1500 IU. We measured the onset and duration of anesthesia, IOP, eyelid and global akinesia, postoperative pain by numerical pain rating scale, first analgesic requirement and postoperative side effects. Results: No significant differences were detected among the four groups as respect to age, sex and the intraocular pressure (IOP) before the anesthesia block. While the intraocular pressure (IOP) after the anesthesia block there was a significant difference, as IOP was markedly decreased postoperatively in group II compared with other groups. As regard to the onset & duration of anesthesia there was significant difference among all groups, there was rapid onset and prolonged duration of anesthesia in group III compared with other groups (1.77 ± 0.63 & 5.03 ± 0.89) respectively. As regard the onset of lid akinesia there was significant difference among the four groups with better outcome in group III, as in group III represented the most rapid onset of lid akinesia. As respecting to the onset of global akinesia there was significant difference among the four groups. There was better outcome in group III as it represented more rapid onset of global akinesia compared with other groups. There were significant differences among the four groups as regard postoperative pain all over 6 hours, better results were in group III (0.27 ± 0.69) compared with group I (2.23 ± 1.17), group II (2.00 ± 1.70), group IV (0.67 ± 0.71). As regarding to the first time for analgesic requirement there were significant differences among groups, there was no request for analgesia with better outcome in group III with increasing need to the analgesic medication in group I compared to group II and group IV. As regard side effects postoperatively there were few side effects in all groups with few numbers of cases in groups III only one patient. Although these differences in number of patients are not significant among the four groups. Conclusion: Addition of sodium bicarbonate to local anesthetic mixture was the best way in lowering the IOP other than other groups and addition of fentanyl to local anesthesia provided more rapid onset and duration of anesthesia, more rapid onset and duration for lid and global akinesia, less pain, less analgesic requirement and minimal side effects than the other groups.

Comparison between the Quality Traits of Phosphate and Bicarbonate-Marinated Chicken Breast Fillets Cooked under Different Heat Treatments

Because the use of phosphates has being recently diminished in meat industry due to the nutritional drawbacks of phosphates, some researchers started to evaluate sodium bicarbonate as phosphate replacer in meat products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different temperature combinations of dry air-cooking treatments (Air and Core temperatures: 160 - 76, 160 - 80, 200 - 76 and 200℃ - 80℃, respectively) on chemical composition, texture properties, water activity, freezable water and bound water, color, pH, and water binding capacity of phosphate and bicarbonate-marinated chicken breast. A batch of 24 h post-mortem broiler breast meat of 80 fillets was divided into two groups of marination treatments (0.3% sodium bicarbonate n = 40, 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate n = 40) and was vacuum tumbled (45 min, ?0.95 mbar, 20 rpm). Different temperature-combinations cooking treatments significantly modified the chemical composition. Bicarbonate marinated fillets showed higher ability to retain water (67.3% vs. 65.7%, P 0.05) during severe heat treatment and lower cook losses (30.7% vs. 33.4%, P 0.05) when compared with phosphate-marinated fillets. The effect of changing the cooking temperatures on Texture Profile Analysis (hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness) was more tangible in phosphate marinated fillets than bicarbonate. Bicarbonate-marinated fillets showed significant differences in the percentage of bound water, latent heat, and water activity after cooking in comparison to phosphate-marinated fillets. The results of this study revealed that phosphate-marinated fillets interacted with heat treatments in different patterns in comparison with bicarbonate-marinated fillets.

惰性粉体抑制瓦斯/煤尘复合爆炸特性及机理研究

瓦斯/煤尘复合爆炸是一个耦合了均相燃烧与异相燃烧的复杂过程,燃烧主控机制动态变化,爆炸机理更加复杂,导致其相比单相瓦斯或煤尘爆炸具有更高的爆炸敏感性和爆炸强度,严重制约着煤矿的安全生产。为了防治瓦斯/煤尘复合爆炸灾害,选取碳酸氢钠和碳酸钙两种惰性粉体,在20 L球型爆炸装置中开展了惰性粉体抑制瓦斯/煤尘复合爆炸实验。通过系统的改变瓦斯和煤尘浓度配比,对不同浓度惰性粉体作用下瓦斯/煤尘复合体系最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率变化规律进行分析,并对比分析不同惰性粉体抑制瓦斯/煤尘复合爆炸性能之间的区别和联系。研究结果表明,碳酸氢钠和碳酸钙对不同浓度配比的瓦斯/煤尘复合体系爆炸均具有抑制作用,其中碳酸氢钠不仅可以通过分解吸热、延缓煤尘热解、降低煤尘分解速率等物理抑制方式来抑制瓦斯/煤尘复合爆炸,还可以通过消耗爆炸反应的关键自由基的化学抑制方式来抑制瓦斯/煤尘复合爆炸,而碳酸钙只能以物理吸热的方式抑制爆炸,因此碳酸氢钠对瓦斯/煤尘复合体系爆炸的抑制效果优于碳酸钙,具体表现为碳酸氢钠可完全抑制所有工况,碳酸钙仅能完全抑制瓦斯浓度低于8%时的瓦斯/煤尘复合工况。另外,2种惰性粉体对瓦斯/煤尘复合体系爆炸压力的抑制效率随着体系中瓦斯浓度的提升先升高后降低,当瓦斯浓度为6%、煤尘浓度为100 g/m^(3)时抑爆效率最高;对瓦斯/煤尘复合体系爆炸压升速率的抑制效率随着体系中瓦斯浓度的提升逐渐升高,对浓度为10%的纯瓦斯爆炸时抑爆效率最高。

超声协同碳酸氢钠处理对低盐狮子头品质特性的影响

为探究超声联合碳酸氢钠处理对低盐狮子头品质的影响规律,以狮子头为研究对象,分析低盐(质量分数1%食盐)条件下碳酸氢钠和超声处理对狮子头pH值、色泽、蒸煮损失、加压损失、质构、感官和挥发性风味物质等指标的影响。结果表明:与1%食盐处理组相比,超声联合碳酸氢钠处理显著降低了狮子头红度值,但增加了亮度值和黄度值(P<0.05);超声联合碳酸氢钠处理显著降低了低盐狮子头的蒸煮损失和加压损失,提高了低盐狮子头的硬度、弹性等质构特性,且蒸煮损失和加压损失显著低于传统2%食盐处理组,硬度、弹性等质构特性显著高于传统2%食盐处理组(P<0.05);挥发性风味物质分析结果表明,不同处理组香味物质主要来自醛类、醇类和酯类,这3大类物质对狮子头的风味贡献较大,尤其是癸醛、辛醛、壬醛、己醛和苯乙醇;1%食盐处理组的芳香物质主要为11-十八碳烯酸甲酯、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸-甲酯等酯类;1%食盐+碳酸氢钠处理组的关键性风味物质为醇类物质,包括苯乙醇、10-叠氮基-1-癸硫醇和3-甲基-1-丁醇;1%食盐+超声处理组的关键风味物质为己醛、壬醛等醛类物质;1%食盐+0.4%碳酸氢钠+超声处理组的关键性风味物质主要为戊醛、壬醛、己醛、3-甲基-1-丁醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、乙醇和乙酸乙酯,其中己醛和壬醛是其中最关键的风味物质,超声联合碳酸氢钠处理使得狮子头中风味物质组成更加丰富;感官评价结果表明,超声联合碳酸氢钠处理组的感官评分最高(43.52),显著高于1%食盐处理组(P<0.05),且与传统2%食盐组无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,1%食盐+0.4%碳酸氢钠+超声处理的狮子头品质与2%食盐处理组无显著差异,部分品质指标甚至显著提升,说明超声联合碳酸氢钠处理完全弥补了由食盐含量降低引起的产品保水性、质构及风味等品质劣变。

碳酸氢钠在大隐静脉曲张射频消融术中的应用价值

目的探讨碳酸氢钠(NaHCO_(3))在大隐静脉曲张射频消融术中的应用价值。方法收集2022年1―12月于首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院接受射频消融术治疗的290例大隐静脉曲张患者的临床资料,按照术中是否使用了NaHCO_(3)将患者分为NaHCO_(3)组(n=139)和对照组(n=151)。比较两组患者的大隐静脉曲张专科信息[病程、临床表现-病因学-解剖学-病理生理学(CEAP)分级]、手术相关指标(手术时间、术中出血量)、围手术期手术部位视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分和住院期间手术相关并发症发生情况。结果两组患者的病程、CEAP分级、手术时间和术中出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。NaHCO_(3)组患者注射麻醉肿胀液时、射频治疗时、术后1 h、术后6 h的VAS评分均明显低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);两组患者术后24 h的VAS评分,住院期间局部血肿、隐神经损伤、皮肤灼伤的发生率,以及术前、术后次日的尿液酸碱值(pH)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论在采用射频消融术治疗大隐静脉曲张时,在麻醉肿胀液中加入NaHCO_(3)有利于减轻患者围手术期手术部位的疼痛感,同时没有增加住院期间手术相关并发症的发生风险。

银苓消肿丸联合碳酸氢钠对痛风性关节炎患者骨破坏因子及NLRP3、NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的探讨银苓消肿丸联合碳酸氢钠在痛风性关节炎治疗中的效果及可能机制。方法选取2022年7月至2023年7月该院收治的98例痛风性关节炎患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,每组49例,对照组采用碳酸氢钠治疗,研究组在碳酸氢钠基础上联合银苓消肿丸治疗,比较两组临床疗效、关节疼痛、肿胀及活动障碍评分[关节压痛疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、肿胀、活动障碍];比较两组骨破坏因子[破骨细胞分化因子(RANKL)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b(TRACP-5b)、β-胶联降解产物(β-CTX)]、炎症因子[白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、Nod样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)水平,以及不良反应(消化不良、头晕、血压升高、肌肉疼痛)发生情况。结果研究组、对照组总有效率分别为95.92%、77.55%,研究组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.184,P=0.007)。治疗后,两组VAS、肿胀、活动障碍评分均降低,且研究组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组RANKL、TRACP-5b、β-CTX水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组IL-1β、TNF-α、NF-κB、NLRP3水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在痛风性关节炎的治疗中应用银苓消肿丸联合碳酸氢钠能够改善关节症状及功能,降低炎症因子水平,有效调节NLRP3、NF-κB信号通路,临床应用价值较高,值得推广。

一测多评法测定大黄碳酸氢钠片中5种游离蒽醌类成分的含量

目的建立一测多评法(QAMS)测定大黄碳酸氢钠片中5种游离蒽醌类成分的含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法,以大黄酚为内参物,确立芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素和大黄素甲醚与大黄酚的相对校正因子,并与外标法测定结果进行比较,以验证一测多评法在测定该成分的合理性和可行性。结果8批不同生产企业的样品,一测多评法计算值与外标法实测值无明显差异,相对平均偏差均小于1.0%。结论本方法准确可靠,可用于大黄碳酸氢钠片中5种游离蒽醌类成分的含量测定。

碳酸氢钠林格液限制性复苏对创伤引发的失血性休克患者复苏效果及预后的影响

目的 探讨碳酸氢钠林格液限制性复苏对创伤引发的失血性休克(HS)患者复苏效果及预后的影响。方法 回顾性选取2020年1月至2023年1月河南省第二人民医院收治的105例创伤引发的HS患者,根据限制性复苏药物不同分为对照组(n=52)和观察组(n=53)。对照组患者采取乳酸钠林格液进行限制性复苏,观察组患者采取碳酸氢钠林格液进行限制性复苏。比较两组患者限制性复苏前和复苏1 h后的血气分析指标(颈动脉球血氧饱和度、乳酸、p H值)、血栓弹力图(TEG)参数[凝血形成时间(K)、凝血反应时间(R)、最大凝块强度(MA)]、炎症因子[白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)],同时比较两组患者的急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)发生率及病死率。结果 复苏1 h后,观察组患者的血氧饱和度、pH值、MA分别为(46.63±4.81)%、7.40±0.07、(58.68±5.13) mm,明显高于对照组的(44.35±4.68)%、7.34±0.05、(55.26±5.42) mm,乳酸水平、R、K、血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平分别为(4.08±0.85) mmol/L、(6.01±0.99) min、(1.81±0.33) min、(47.76±5.11)μg/mL、(23.50±3.72) pg/mL、(401.12±62.24) pg/mL,明显低于对照组的(5.20±0.91) mmol/L、(6.42±1.01) min、(2.00±0.36) min、(53.37±5.82)μg/mL、(26.16±3.89) pg/mL、(456.60±70.72) pg/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的MODS、ARDS发生率分别为1.89%、3.77%,明显低于对照组的19.23%、23.08%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的病死率为3.77%,略低于对照组的7.69%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 采用碳酸氢钠林格液进行早期限制性复苏,可进一步改善创伤引发HS患者善凝血功能和血气分析指标,调控炎症因子,降低并发症发生的风险,有助于改善患者预后。

在充分水化基础上碳酸氢钠联合乙酰半胱氨酸对减少造影剂肾病的作用

目的评价在充分水化基础上碳酸氢钠(Sodium Bicarbonate,SB)联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)对慢性肾脏病(Chronic Kidney Disease,CKD)的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)(Coronary Heart Disease,CHD)患者减少造影剂肾病(Contrast-Induced Nephropathy,CIN)的作用。方法随机选取2020年8月-2022年7月在广西壮族自治区民族医院行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(Percutaneous Coronary Interven⁃tions,PCI)的120例CKD患者为研究对象,使用随机数表法分为常规治疗组(NS组)、碳酸氢钠(SB组)、乙酰半胱氨酸组(NAC组)、碳酸氢钠联合乙酰半胱氨酸组(SB+NAC组),每组30例。NS组于PCI术前给予持续水化治疗;SB组在NS组基础上给予SB;NAC组在NS组基础上于术前和术后口服N-乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片。SB+NAC组在SB组基础上同NAC组处理。分析4组患者在术前及PCI术后48 h血清指标血肌酐(Serum Cre⁃atinine,SCr)、胱抑素C(Cystatin C,Cys-C),计算肌酐清除率(Creatinine Clearance Rate,Ccr),估算记录肾小球滤过率(Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate,eGFR)。结果NS组、SB组、NAC组、SB+NAC组患者术后eGFR、Ccr、SCr、Cys-C比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。NS组、SB组、NAC组、SB+NAC组患者发生CIN例数分别为7例、5例、3例、0,4组患者CIN发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.152,P<0.05)。结论水化基础上碳酸氢钠、N-乙酰半胱氨酸以及两者联合应用有效减少CKD患者行PCI术后CIN的发生,具有一定效果,且两种药物联合应用要优于单独应用。

硫酸钠制备碳酸氢钠过程中Na_(2)SO_(4)-NH_(3)-CO_(2)-H_(2)O体系相平衡规律

Na_(2)SO_(4)-NH_(3)-CO_(2)-H_(2)O体系相平衡规律的掌握,对硫酸钠高值利用制备碳酸氢钠过程的工艺优化有重要意义。本文采用等温溶解平衡法在101.3~1099.0kPa下303.15K、323.15K和343.15K时研究了Na_(2)SO_(4)-NH_(3)-CO_(2)-H_(2)O体系以及其子体系Na_(2)SO_(4)-NH_(3)-H_(2)O的液-固相平衡关系,并获得了Na_(2)SO_(4)-NH_(3)-H_(2)O体系以及SO_(4)^(2-)、CO_(3)^(2-)和HCO_(3)^(-)在Na_(2)SO_(4)-NH_(3)-CO_(2)-H_(2)O体系相平衡规律。研究结果表明,Na_(2)SO_(4)-NH_(3)-H_(2)O体系中氨对硫酸钠有强烈盐析作用,当温度低于305.55K时在氨的作用下,体系平衡固相以无水硫酸钠的形式存在。同时硫酸钠氨盐水溶液通入二氧化碳进行碳酸化可促进硫酸钠的溶解。低温、高压有利于促进硫酸钠氨盐水溶液的碳酸化,并提高硫酸钠向碳酸氢钠的转化率。

百令胶囊联合大黄碳酸氢钠片治疗尿毒症维持血液透析患者临床研究

目的:观察百令胶囊联合大黄碳酸氢钠片治疗对尿毒症维持血液透析患者血管内皮功能及微炎症因子水平的影响。方法:选取尿毒症行血液透析患者60例,随机分为对照组和试验组各30例。对照组给予大黄碳酸氢钠片联合碳酸钙片治疗,试验组采用百令胶囊联合大黄碳酸氢钠片治疗。治疗4周后,比较2组治疗前后中医证候评分、血管内皮功能指标[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)]、微炎症细胞因子指标[C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)]变化。结果:治疗前,2组中医证候主、次症评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,2组中医证候主、次症评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且试验组主、次症评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组ET-1、VEGF水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,2组VEGF、ET-1水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且试验组VEGF、ET-1水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组CRP、IL-8水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,2组CRP、IL-8水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且试验组CRP、IL-8水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:百令胶囊联合大黄碳酸氢钠片辅助治疗尿毒症维持血液透析患者,有利于改善其临床症状及血管内皮功能,降低机体微炎症因子水平。

连续流动分析仪测定碳酸氢钠提取土壤有效磷的方法优化与研究

为了提高土壤有效磷的检测灵敏度和检测效率,对《土壤有效磷的测定碳酸氢钠浸提-钼锑抗分光光度法》(HJ 704-2014)及《森林土壤的测定》(LY/T 1232-2015)中碳酸氢钠提取有效磷的检测方法进行了优化。设计了连续流动分析仪试剂配制方案及试剂流路,探讨了浸提方式、振荡速度、浸提温度、浸提时间及检测波长等实验条件对测定结果的影响,考察了方法的线性范围、检出限、精密度及准确度等参数,并比较了分光光度法与连续流动分析仪法检测结果。结果表明,在880 nm波长下,优化后的连续流动分析仪法检测碳酸氢钠浸提的有效磷的线性范围为0~3.00 mg/L,相关系数R2>0.999,检出限为0.004 mg/L,变异系数<5.0%,测定参比物质NSA 2[有效磷认定值(36±6)mg/kg]、NSA 4[有效磷认定值(14.5±2.6)mg/kg]、标准物质ASA-3a[有效磷认定值(29±3)mg/kg]分别为35.9、12.5和28.1 mg/kg,均在认定值范围内,可以准确测量有效磷低的土壤。优化后的连续流动分析仪法检测碳酸氢钠浸提土壤中有效磷含量具有自动进样、在线除气泡、在线恒温显色检测、试剂用量少及环境友好等优点,且实验周期短,测得数据的灵敏度、精密度和准确度良好,优势突出,可为第三次全国土壤普查高效准确测量碳酸氢钠浸提有效磷含量提供技术依据。

变温液氮速冻结合复合抗冻剂对冻藏预制调理黄鳝品质的影响

为提高冻藏预制调理黄鳝液氮冻结效率和品质,采用预冷-变温液氮(-80℃→-50℃)速冻结合新型复合抗冻剂(4%低聚木糖+4%山梨糖醇+0.3%碳酸氢钠)处理预制调理黄鳝,测定中心温度、水分含量、解冻损失、离心损失、水分状态、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric reactive substances,TBARS)值、酸价(acid value,AV)、荧光化合物含量、总挥发性盐基氮(total volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N)含量,并观察冰晶形态和微观形貌,研究预冷-变温液氮速冻结合新型抗冻剂对黄鳝品质的影响。结果显示,变温液氮速冻的黄鳝解冻损失(3.80%)、离心损失(11.6%)、自由水占比(24.4%)均显著低于冰柜冻结(P<0.05),且相较传统恒温液氮速冻的黄鳝解冻损失显著降低(P<0.05);采用新型抗冻剂处理的黄鳝冻藏24周,冰晶尺寸、解冻损失、离心损失、TBARS值、AV、荧光强度比值和TVB-N含量显著低于对照(未添加抗冻剂)(P<0.05),肌纤维微观结构更加完整,且与传统商用抗冻剂处理的黄鳝品质无显著差异(P>0.05)。这些结果表明,预冷-变温液氮速冻结合新型复合抗冻剂处理可提升冻藏预制调理黄鳝的品质,为黄鳝预制调理产品高效冷冻保鲜技术开发提供理论支撑。