There were several techniques determined for the analysis of citrate and citric acid mixtures in the pharmaceutical dosage forms. Titration methods, photometric and ion chromatographic methods were used for their dete...There were several techniques determined for the analysis of citrate and citric acid mixtures in the pharmaceutical dosage forms. Titration methods, photometric and ion chromatographic methods were used for their determination. These methods will restrict too many factors where the accurate quantification of citrate and citric acid is extremely challenging. Citric acid is the natural flavor used as a preservative for many pharmaceutical applications. Deformulation techniques used for the manufacturing of generic drugs require authentic data for their regulatory submissions. Simple accurate and reproducible validated method developed for the determination of citric acid and sodium citrate by titration followed by HPLC analysis. Free citric acid was determined by the titration method and total citric acid was determined by HPLC analysis. After subtracting the free citric acid from total citric acid content, citric acid present in the sodium citrate content was determined. Sodium citrate content was determined by applying sodium correction factor to the subtracted value of the citric acid. The results met all the validation parameters and the method was successfully measured the amount of citric acid and sodium citrate in the marketed ophthalmic/oral solutions.展开更多
Nylon 6 fabric was dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 at a temperature 50?°C using sodium chloride (NaCl) and citric acid as auxiliaries. The adsorption kinetic mechanism was studied using two models. Results of th...Nylon 6 fabric was dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 at a temperature 50?°C using sodium chloride (NaCl) and citric acid as auxiliaries. The adsorption kinetic mechanism was studied using two models. Results of the UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated that colour yield of C.I. Acid Yellow 23 reduced when more than 1% (acid) and 5% (salt) concentration were used respectively for dyeing. NaCl however had the most inhibitive effect on the dye colour yield. The adsorption kinetics mechanism result fitted the pseudo-second-order-kinetic model with R2 of 0.993.展开更多
文摘There were several techniques determined for the analysis of citrate and citric acid mixtures in the pharmaceutical dosage forms. Titration methods, photometric and ion chromatographic methods were used for their determination. These methods will restrict too many factors where the accurate quantification of citrate and citric acid is extremely challenging. Citric acid is the natural flavor used as a preservative for many pharmaceutical applications. Deformulation techniques used for the manufacturing of generic drugs require authentic data for their regulatory submissions. Simple accurate and reproducible validated method developed for the determination of citric acid and sodium citrate by titration followed by HPLC analysis. Free citric acid was determined by the titration method and total citric acid was determined by HPLC analysis. After subtracting the free citric acid from total citric acid content, citric acid present in the sodium citrate content was determined. Sodium citrate content was determined by applying sodium correction factor to the subtracted value of the citric acid. The results met all the validation parameters and the method was successfully measured the amount of citric acid and sodium citrate in the marketed ophthalmic/oral solutions.
文摘Nylon 6 fabric was dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 at a temperature 50?°C using sodium chloride (NaCl) and citric acid as auxiliaries. The adsorption kinetic mechanism was studied using two models. Results of the UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated that colour yield of C.I. Acid Yellow 23 reduced when more than 1% (acid) and 5% (salt) concentration were used respectively for dyeing. NaCl however had the most inhibitive effect on the dye colour yield. The adsorption kinetics mechanism result fitted the pseudo-second-order-kinetic model with R2 of 0.993.