Spatial differentiation and dynamic mechanism of micro-geomorphology based on acoustic spectrum data of the Huanghe(Yellow)River Delta

Submarine micro-geomorphology is a geo-morphological type occurring in shallow and surface areas of seabed.The combined relationships and distribution of the micro-geomorphology indirectly reflect coupling relationships among the sediment deposition,dynamic environment,and geomorphologic evolution.Spatial differentiation and dynamic changes in micro-geomorphology were studied based on acoustic data interpretation from a wide range(3200 km^(2))of the Huanghe(Yellow)River delta(HRD).The combination of the sub-bottom profiler and the side-scan sonar methods allowed for the identification of submarine shallow micro-geomorphologic types,as well as their scale and spatial distributions.There were seven typical micro-geomorphologic features in the shallow and surface areas of the HRD,including buried ancient channels,stratigraphic disturbances,scour troughs,sand waves,pits,erosional remnants,and sand spots.The coupling and superposition of the sediment,sediment characteristics,seabed scouring and silting,and hydrodynamic conditions of the Huanghe River had combined effects on the patterns of micro-geomorphologic types,characteristics,and ranges.From the perspective of acoustic profile interpretations,the scale,range,and spatial locations of the microgeomorphology in the HRD revealed seasonal variation characteristics,and the spatial distributions displayed significant regional differentiation characteristics.In addition,strong stratigraphic disturbances and areas with densely distributed buried ancient channels reflected the activity and instability of the submarine shallow strata.Through the interpretation of the sub-bottom profile detection data,the diversion processes of the flow paths in the lower reaches of the Huanghe River were obtained for a certain historical period in the coastal waters of the HRD.This study further clarified the relationships between the micro-geomorphologic features and spatial combinations,which is important for research on micro-geomorphologic features and their dynamic mechanisms.

Residential Differentiation Based on Reachability and Spatial Clustering : A Case Study of the Main Urban Area of Wuhan City

The differentiation of urban residential space is a key and hot topic in urban research, which has very important theoretical significance for urban development and residential choice. In this paper, web crawler technology is used to collect urban big data. Using spatial analysis and clustering, the differentiation law of residential space in the main urban area of Wuhan is revealed. The residential differentiation is divided into five types: "Garden" community, "Guozi" community, "Wangjiangshan" community, "Yashe" community, and "Shuxin" community. The "Garden" community is aimed at the elderly, with good medical accessibility and open space around the community. The "Guozi Community" is aimed at young people, and the community has accessibility to good educational and commercial facilities. The "Wangjiangshan" community is oriented towards the social elite group, with beautiful natural living environment, close to the city core, and convenient transportation. The "Yashe" community is aimed at the general income group, and its location is characterized by being adjacent to commercial districts and convenient transportation. The "Shuxin" community is aimed at the middle and lower income groups, far from the city center, and the living environment quality is not high.

NDVI spatial pattern and its differentiation on the Mongolian Plateau

GIMMS NDVI database and geo-statistics were used to depict the spatial distribution and temporal stability of NDVI on the Mongolian Plateau.The results demonstrated that:(1) Regions of interest with high NDVI indices were distributed primarily in forested mountainous regions of the east and the north,areas with low NDVI indices were primarily distributed in the Gobi desert regions of the west and the southwest,and areas with moderate NDVI values were mainly distributed in a middle steppe strap from northwest to southeast.(2) The maximum NDVI values maintained for the past 22 years showed little variation.The average NDVI variance coefficient for the 22-year period was 15.2%.(3) NDVI distribution and vegetation cover showed spatial autocorrelations on a global scale.NDVI patterns from the vegetation cover also demonstrated anisotropy;a higher positive spatial correlation was indicated in a NW-SE direction,which suggested that vegetation cover in a NW-SE direction maintained increased integrity,and vegetation assemblage was mainly distributed in the same specific direction.(4) The NDVI spatial distribution was mainly controlled by structural factors,88.7% of the total spatial variation was influenced by structural and 11.3% by random factors.And the global autocorrelation distance was 1178 km,and the average vegetation patch length(NW-SE) to width(NE-SW) ratio was approximately 2.4:1.0.

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF LAND TRANSFER——Case Study of Shanghai, Nanjing and Taizhou in Changjiang River Delta

The policy of land transfer has greatly influenced the macro economy of China with the commencement of another innovation of land use system. Therefore, it is urgent to put forward some rational and feasible suggestions for local government to manage the market of land transfer. Moreover, it is important in the field of study on agricultural land use change to analyze the spatial differentiation and structural specification of land transfer, which are caused by rural households＇ behavior. This paper selected I l factors covering four aspects of rural households＇ family structure, family location, family income structure and the natural quality of land resources, all of which influence the behavior differentiation of rural households, to establish the index model indicating spatial differentiation of land transfer. Results show that the spatial differentiation of land transfer can be divided into four degrees and three categories through analyzing rural households＇ questionnaires from Shanghai, Nanjing and Taizhou in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Delta. Since up to 80% of rural households belong to middle degrees, it can be concluded that the rural land market develops evenly in the study areas. And it is also indicated that the natural quality of land resources and the maximum income of rural land are most important factors influencing the spatial differentiation of land transaction. Considering different factors, the countermeasures can be carried out to enhance the spatial differentiation of land transfer so as to promote economic development and social security of rural China. All in all, both micro- factors and macro-factors influencing rural households＇ behavior of rural land transfer should be taken into account in order to make spatial differentiation and structural specification of rural land transfer notable.

Quantitative evaluation and spatial differentiation of eco-environmental livability in Zhejiang Province, China

The scientific analyses of the spatial patterns of regional eco-environment livability,along with the explorations of the correlations between ecoenvironments and population and economic activity distributions,are of major significance in the guidance of the coordinated development between social economies,natural resources,and environments.In this study,the topography,climate,hydrology,land cover,air quality,and the dangers presented by natural hazards in the study area were investigated in order to establish an evaluation model for the regional eco-environmental livability.Then,the observed spatial patterns and regional differences in the eco-environmental livability,as well as their relationships with the distributions of population and economic activities in Zhejiang Province,were investigated.The results showed that the ecoenvironmental livability in Zhejiang Province displayed a gradual decreasing trend from southwest to northeast,as well as from the mountains to the hills,valleys,and plains areas.During the compartmentalization of the eco-environmental livability,it was observed that the lowest livable area covered the largest population,accounting for approximately 29.64%of the total population in the study area.The higher livable areas covered the widest land areas,accounting for approximately 26.15%of the total area.Moreover,it was found that the eco-environmental livability in the mountain areas was higher than that in the plain areas in Zhejiang Province.Furthermore,the ecoenvironmental livability was found to have a significant exponential relationship with the population and GDP densities of Zhejiang Province,with the R^2 of the curve-fittings reaching 0.835 and 0.656,respectively.However,it was determined that the coefficient of the exponential function was negative,which indicated that a strong negative relationship existed between the eco-environmental livability and densities of the population and economic activities.It was assumed that the impacts of anthropogenic factors were the fundamental causes of this negative correlation.This study introduced two new factors(air quality and natural hazards)into the evaluation framework of eco-environmental livability.As a result,a more comprehensive model was established for the evaluation of eco-environmenta livability in certain segments of the study area Additionally,the correlation between ecoenvironment livability and human activities was discussed in-depth,which can potentially provide theoretical and practical guidance for the implementation of eco-livability in China,and possibly even those of other vast developing countries.

GIS-based spatial differentiation of ethnic minority villages in Guizhou Province,China

The protection and development problems in ethnic minority villages have received great attention from the Chinese government.This study aims to systematically identify the spatial differentiation characteristics of ethnic minority villages and their influencing factors in Guizhou Province.Applying ArcGIS and GeoDa,a total of 1,014 ethnic minority villages in the four batches announced by the Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission of Guizhou Province(272in the first batch,240 in the second batch,255 in the third batch,and 247 in the fourth batch)served as the research objects.Utilizing the economic development data in Guizhou Statistical Yearbook 2018-2020 for analysis,the coupling calculation of the spatial layout and economic development level of ethnic minority villages was conducted.The results indicate that the number of ethnic minority village points varies in spatial distribution with remarkable agglomeration.The spatial equilibrium distribution of ethnic minority villages in the province is imbalanced.The kernel density is characterized by independent single kernel centers with sporadic distributions of subcenters and an echelon distribution whole.The spatial complexity distribution indicates that ethnic minority villages in Guizhou possess unequal characteristics,and the fractal of the system structure is more complicated.The findings reveal that the spatial distribution of ethnic minority characteristic villages in Guizhou is highly consistent with that of ethnic minorities in Guizhou.The distribution is the combined results of geographical factors and socialeconomic factors.Most ethnic minority characteristic villages in Guizhou Province are located in areas with complex terrain,inconvenient transportation,and relatively backward economic development.Based on the current geospatial distribution of ethnic minority villages,the present study will provide remarkable implications for the Chinese government to implement the Rural Revitalization Strategy from several key aspects.The Chinese government should establish a protection and development mechanism in ethnic minority villages and strive to enhance the characteristics of ethnic cultural industries.Meanwhile,the"integration of culture and tourism"should be taken as the development strategy while the industry should support rural economic development and help eliminate poverty.This is of crucial practical significance to national unity and rural revitalization in China.

Differential Scheme for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Based Spatial Modulation System

In this paper,a differential scheme is proposed for reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)assisted spatial modulation,which is referred to as RISDSM,to eliminate the need for channel state information(CSI)at the receiver.The proposed scheme is an improvement over the current differential modulation scheme used in RIS-based systems,as it avoids the high-order matrix calculation and improves the spectral efficiency.A mathematical framework is developed to determine the theoretical average bit error probability(ABEP)of the system using RIS-DSM.The detection complexity of the proposed RIS-DSM scheme is extremely low through the simplification.Finally,simulations results demonstrate that the proposed RIS-DSM scheme can deliver satisfactory error performance even in low signal-to-noise ratio environments.

Spatial differentiation in stable isotope compositions of surface waters and its environmental significance in the Issyk-Kul Lake region of Central Asia

Stable isotope values of oxygen （180） and hydrogen （2H） of surface waters were used to study the origin and environmental significanees in the Issyk-Kul basin of Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia, which is the most important intermountain basin in the modern Tien Shan orogen. This study is the first analysis of hydrochemical spatial differentiation in the stable isotopes of surface waters in this watershed. 75 samples were collected from rivers, springs, lakes, rain and snow during the rainy season in July and August of 2o16. Stable isotopes of 180 and 2H were studied for all samples, and cation ratios （Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca） were also determined for lake water samples. Stable isotope values from precipitation scattered around the Local Meteoric Water Line （determined from Urumqi Station of the global network of isotopes in precipitation （GNIP））, together with values of the Deuterium excess parameter （d） from 15.3‰ to 30.5‰, with an average of 19.8‰, indicating that the moisture sources are primarily from regions with low relative humidity. The 8180 and 52H values were significantly different between the river and lake samples, indicating that regional evaporation caused the isotopic enrichment of lake water. Geospatial autocorrelation, measured by Moran＇s I coefficient, indicated weak spatial autocorrelation within stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the surface waters of the studied area, which is primarily an effect of climate during the water chemistry evolution. The cation ratios Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca in lake water samples were not correlated with the concentration of total dissolved solids, but did show correlation with stable isotopic values, which is significant for paleoenvironmental reconstruction.

Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Human Settlements and Their Responses to Natural and Socioeconomic Conditions in the Marginal Zone of an Uninhabited Area,Changtang Plateau,China

The Changtang Plateau(CTP)in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China is one of the top-10 uninhabited areas with the most important ecological value in the world.It is of great academic and practical significance to carry out research on human settlements in the marginal zones of the uninhabited areas to promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature on the CTP.Using high-definition remote-sensing images to visually interpret and identify settlement-patch data,combined with field investigations,this study explores the spatial characteristics of human settlements in Shuanghu and Nyima counties and their responses to natural and socioeconomic conditions in the hinterland of the CTP.Findings reveal that the scale of human settlements on the CTP is extremely small,and density is very sparse.Settlements on the CTP primarily consist of several households,with some containing more than a dozen households,or are sub-village scale.Socioeconomic development is low and socioeconomic factors have a weak influence on the settlement layout on the CTP.Natural factors are the core elements affecting the layout of human settlements on the CTP.Settlements tend to occur on low mountains,gentle slopes,and areas with high average annual temperatures.Careful settlement site selection can help to mitigate the impact of natural disasters.To meet the needs of grazing,settlement layouts must typically have a high-quality grassland orientation.Riverbanks are key settlement areas,and settlement sites are often far away from alpine salt lakes.The characteristics of settlements on the CTP and their responses to environmental conditions significantly differ from those of human settlements in low-altitude inland areas.

Spatial differentiation pattern of interregional migration in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province, China

Interregional migration has broad and far-reaching impacts on regional urbanization process in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China.The previous literature of interregional migration paid less attention on the ethnic minority areas with fragile geographical feature and marginal socio-economic context in the developing world due to the dearth of reliable data.Based on the 2015 national 1%population sampling survey at the village/community scale,taking Yulong Naxi Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,China as the case study,this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation pattern.The results showed that:(1)migration in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County exhibited obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in terms of population aggregation,population loss,migration direction,and migration activity;(2)the overall spatial differentiation of migration exhibited a"layer+sector"pattern in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County:the first layer was active areas with net inflows(<20 km from the seat of the county government),the second layer was inactive areas(within 20–60 km of the seat of the county government),and the third layer was a mixed"layer+sector"zone(>60 km to the seat of the county government),comprised of inactive areas and active areas with net outflows;(3)the spatial differentiation pattern of migration was highly correlated with the regional contexts including the regional economic development,regional transportation accessibility and regional social development,while regional physical geographical factors had insignificant relationships with the migration pattern.

Analyzing the Causes of Spatial Differentiation of the Traditional Villages in Gansu Province, Western China

The study and protection for traditional villages are very important for us to protect Chinese historical and cultural heritage. Data show that under the condition of rapid urbanization. The number and coverage of traditional villages in western China are decreasing. It is impossible to effectively protect a large number of rural settlements at the bottom of China’s traditional settlement system. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the spatial survival status of traditional villages and protect them comprehensively and extensively. Using the digital elevation model (DEM) data of traditional villages in Gansu Province, China, published by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development and the attribute data obtained by the Statistics Bureau of Gansu Province, China, the nuclear density, the Mulan indices, the correlations between the heights and the centers are calculated and used to study the spatial different characteristics of the villages, and a number of results have been achieved: 1) In spatial differentiation, the spatial agglomeration of the villages is obvious and different, which can be seen by the distribution of the villages from along the upper reaches of the Yellow River to the southeast, and the distribution of prefecture-level cities is related to the landforms. 2) In vertical spatial distribution, the span of the altitude data is large. Among the villages, the Zagana Village in Diebu County of Gannan City is the highest and the Zhengjiashe Village in Bingkou Town of Longnan City is the lowest. With the increase of altitude, the number of traditional villages generally shows a tendency of decrease. 3) The spatial differentiation of the traditional villages has a clear normal distribution with the elevation, and the spatial differentiation is low, showing a distinct gourd-like structure;the eastern and southern regions are more concentrated, while the northern and western regions are less concentrated. 4) The spatial differences of the traditional villages have the characteristics of regional differences, which are weakly related to the distance between the central cities and occur mainly in the Longnan mountain regions, the Loess Plateau in the middle of Longzhong and the Gannan plateau. The results of this study are a useful support in protection of traditional villages in provincial scale. It helps to enhance the integrity and systematicness of the protection of the spatial distribution of traditionally villages. The Chinese government had put forward the “Poverty alleviation strategy” to help Gansu Province to get out of the villages’ trouble. Viewed from this angle, the research for effective patterns of traditional villages’ protection and exploitation plays a crucial role in the development of China’s “Poverty Alleviation Strategy”.

Spatial-temporal Differentiation of Sauna Days with Different Intensities in China from 1961 to 2017

Sauna weather with high temperature, high humidity and long standby time has become one of the main meteorological hazards faced by urban residents. Based on the daily maximum temperature and relative humidity datasets of 545 meteorological observation stations in China from 1961 to 2017, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of sauna days with different intensities in China were studied from three aspects: climatic state, trend and fluctuation characteristics, using the standard of sauna days defined by the Central Meteorological Observatory of China Meteorological Administration. The results showed that: firstly, the spatial pattern of sauna days with different intensities in China was high in southeast China and low in northwest China from 1961 to 2017, and the spatial pattern of sauna days with the same intensity in different research periods had little difference, which was in good agreement with the spatial pattern of sauna days with corresponding intensities in the whole research period. With the increase of intensity, the sauna days in China decreases gradually. Secondly, the trend of sauna days with different intensities in China was bounded by Hu Huanyong Line from 1961 to 2017, showing a pattern of increasing or decreasing mosaic in the southeast China and mainly decreasing trend, while the spatial differentiation pattern in the northwest China changed little. The trend of sauna days with different intensities in China increased significantly in 1991-2017 compared with 1961-1990. Thirdly, the fluctuation of sauna days with different intensities in China was bounded by Hu Huanyong Line, showing a spatial pattern of large fluctuations in the southeast China and small fluctuations in the northwest China. And the fluctuation of sauna days and heavy sauna days showed obvious threeblock distribution characteristics. The fluctuation characteristics of sauna days with different intensities in China from 1961 to 1990 and 1991 to 2017 were in good agreement with the whole research period. The fluctuation difference before and after 1990 mainly concentrated in the vicinity of Hu Huanyong Line and its southeast area, and the fluctuation differences increased mainly, indicating that the variation of sauna days with different intensities in the southeast China increased from 1991 to 2017.

Gentrification and Residential Differentiation in Nanjing,China

The institutional environment in China has quite evidently changed during modern socio-economic transitions.Driven both by local government and by marketing force,urban social space was redistributed after the reform of urban land and real estate policies.Urban renewal makes for wide differential rent and therefore gentrification is occurring in China.This paper analyzes the background and institutional environment of gentrification in China,and further discusses the process,characteristics and evolutionary mechanisms in the case of Nanjing,through investigation of the attributes of 1075 residential communities built during the 1998-2008 at a macro level,and interviewing the residents and analyzing questionnaires in 6 different and typical communities at a micro level.As a socio-spatial course of two-way interaction,gentrification is divided into 3 stages of incubation,occurrence and fast development,according to the time of landmark events and policy reform on the leasehold of land in Nanjing during socio-economic transition.In terms of the socio-spatial characteristics of gentrification in Nanjing,the gentrification process under the trajectory of urban renewal makes urban social space present a new circle-layer structure;the rise of quite a number of gated communities results in the fragmentation of social space and privatization of public space;the management mode of modern communities and the change of life style have aggravated the indifference of neighborhood relationship of gentrified communities.Based on the empirical evidence of this study,this paper indicates that gentrification is quite different between China and western countries with respect to spatio-temporal order,dominant forces,paths of realization and spatial expression,and it further reveals the dynamic mechanism of gentrification developing in China at the present stage.

THE PROGRESS IN URBAN SOCIAL SPACTIAL DIFFERENTIATION STUDY OF CHINA

Urban social geography and its subfield—urban social spatial differentiation have been developed since the 1960s. In China, with the development of urban geography during the 1970s and prosperity in the 1980s, its study fields have been expanded, the research technology and theory have been renewed. There are two main sub methodologies of urban social space study: ecological and comparative methodologies. Since Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou metropolitans are located at the window of China to overseas, it is reasonable to chose them as the main research regions, and the study on them has been strengthened since the 1980s. The research fields can be classified into five sub fields: (1) social structure transformation and economic transit; (2) the change of cognition and behavior differentiation; (3) the relation between culture transformation and space differentiation in organization; (4) land use differentiation and the transit of planning method; (5) material environment differentiation. We should strengthen the study of internal relation between resident space structure changing with time and space, and landuse; the division of a consumer and provision markets which can further understand the mechanism of social spatial differentiation; the effect of resident segregation; what’s its benefits which can be accepted by community; and, how to the study result of community replacement, state house distribution policy and management into the social practice.

Characteristics of Regional Differentiation of Urbanization Development in Anhui Province

On the basis of connotation of urbanization,by using SPSS factor analysis and cluster analysis,we establish index system of urbanization development level and conduct quantitative analysis on development level of urbanization in 17 prefecture-level city of Anhui Province,in order to find out the differentiation pattern of regional space of urbanization development in Anhui Province based on these.The results show that Anhui's difference of urbanization gradient is prominent.Classification of three clusters shows that the pattern of status quo of urbanization development in Anhui Province is "dual-nucleus" and "two-stretches";classification of five clusters show that the pattern of status quo of urbanization development in Anhui Province is "one-core","one-strip" and "three-region".From five aspects,namely natural geography,transportation location,resources distribution,economic development and administrative system,we analyze the reason and influencing factors of differentiation of urbanization development in the region.The results of three clusters and five clusters show that there is great possibility that "dual-nucleus" changes into "individual-nucleus";"one-core" and "one-strip" may evolve into "one-group".We should foster the urban agglomeration in central Anhui;perfect structure system in the perspective of integration and fostering;strengthen infrastructure construction and regional coordination system;elevate comprehensive competitiveness and guide holistic development of regional economy;promote industrialization process and promote development level of urbanization.

County scale spatial differential characteristics of cultivated land use grade: A case of Binchuan County

Land resource is the material foundation of human survival and economic development, and the cultivated land is the essence of land resources. This paper takes the county scale, by using the method of GIS spatial analysis and statistical analysis unifies, to explore the quality of cultivated land in Binchuan County using level, and explain the utilization level of county cultivated land quality spatial differentiation characteristics. The results showed that:(1) in the quantity of cultivated land quality and utilization level, the average utilization of paddy land was greater than that of dry land, and the comprehensive utilization of cultivated land and so on. Among them, the paddy land ranged from grade 6 to 15, the average utilization was grade 11.6; dry land ranged from grade 2 to 11, the average utilization was grade 5.9; comprehensive range of cultivated land is grade 2 to 15, the average utilization was grade 8.1;(2) the quality of cultivated land utilization spatial differentiation. Paddy field, dry land and cultivated land and large value distribution in the central and southern, inverted V shape distribution; the smaller the value distribution in the East and West, a dumbbell shaped distribution. Among them, they don't use a larger value of paddy land distributed in the central, South and southwest, the maximum value is 14.3, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East, the minimum value is grade 7; the larger the value distribution by the dry land in the South and West, the maximum value is grade 10.2, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East. The minimum value is grade 2.3; the comprehensive utilization of cultivated land don't distributed larger value in the central, South and south-west, the maximum value is grade 12.7, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East, the minimum value is grade 3.5. This paper can provide scientific basis for the dynamic monitoring of cultivated land quality, the transformation of low yield farmland and the early warning of cultivated land pressure.

Spatial Distribution of Different Types of Villages for Rural Revitalization Strategy and Their Influencing Factors:A Case of Jilin Province,China

Village classification is the first step to implementing China’s rural revitalization(RR)strategy,and understanding the geographic differences in the distribution of village types helps to grasp the pathway of their unique development.This study spatialized9250 villages in Jilin Province(divided into six types)of China,and their distribution characteristics and influencing factors were examined using methods such as kernel density estimation,Ripley’s K function,the co-location quotient,and Geodetector.The results indicate that the spatial distribution balance and density of village types are different.All types of villages show an agglomeration distribution pattern,but the scale and intensity vary.There is a strong spatial association between agglomerative promotion(AP)and stable improvement(SIm)villages,as well as between characteristic protection(CP)and prospering frontier and enriching people(PE)villages.The factors affecting their distribution include terrain undulation,the percentage of arable land,the distance to the county town,road network density,population density,gross domestic product(GDP),and industrial enterprise density.The influencing factors for the distribution of village types are closely related to the function of each village.Based on the differences in the spatial distribution and influencing factors of different village types,policy suggestions are given for classified development.

城镇化快速推进背景下新乡村的空间分化及其治理转向

进入新时代以来,城市化的持续扩张和国家乡村振兴战略的积极推进极大地促进了乡村传统物理空间的迭代更新、传统社会空间的现代性转变以及新型数字空间的全面建设。在城镇化发展较为突出的新乡村,乡村社会从静态稳定的空间状态向流动易变的多维空间复合体迅速转型。基于此事实,为了回应时代发展要求,科学建构与乡村社会发展水平相适应的空间治理范式,有必要深入分析城镇化快速推进地区乡村社会在现代化进程中所展现出来的空间机制和空间变化过程,充分揭示其衍生的多维空间张力,从而为新乡村社会空间治理实践提供理论基础。新乡村社会空间治理须注重乡村社会的多维空间特性及其治理的空间内涵,将乡村空间视为重要的实践对象和治理资源,重视空间正义,尊重村民主体性,科学整合多重空间资源,进而推动乡村社会从静态的“空间中治理”到动态的“空间治理”的治理转向。

中国县域数字乡村发展的空间格局及驱动因素研究

基于北京大学新农村发展研究院公布的2018年中国1880个县域数字乡村指数数据,采用探索性空间数据分析、冷热点分析和地理探测器等方法,考察中国县域数字乡村发展的空间格局及其驱动因素。结果表明:1)中国县域数字乡村发展水平呈现明显的“梯度化”特征,数字乡村发展水平由东部向西部逐渐递减,数字乡村在长三角地区呈“片状分布”,而在西部地区和东北地区呈“点状分布”。2)中国县域数字乡村发展呈现明显的空间集聚特征,在经济发展水平较高、网络基础设施较为完善的长三角地区形成“高-高”集聚。数字乡村发展呈现次热点区和热点区围绕高热点区集聚的“中心-外围”结构形态。在热点区与冷点区之间形成“T”字形狭长地带,将热点区与冷点区分隔开。3)中国县域数字乡村发展的总体基尼系数为0.0359,其中数字乡村的区域间差距是数字乡村发展总体差异的主要来源。4)产业经济、人口教育、财政金融和基础设施的空间分异特征对数字乡村空间分布具有较强的影响。

县域数字乡村水平分异特征、影响因素与分区优化

县域数字乡村是赋能城乡融合和全面乡村振兴的题中之义,但县域数字乡村的影响因素及优化方向并不明晰。该文利用泰尔指数、耦合协调度和地理探测器等方法分析2020年长江经济带县域数字乡村水平差异性、协调性等分异特征,基于数字乡村建设水平和数字乡村协调水平的组合分析构建分区格局,并探究其影响因素与分区优化策略。研究发现:长江经济带县域数字乡村建设水平和协调水平具有明显的东高西低分布格局,县域单元间的差异是区域不平衡性的主因;数字乡村建设水平和协调水平的影响因素基本一致,城乡收入差距均具有主导作用,居民生活、金融发展以及自然条件的影响则具有显著区域差异;通过识别数字乡村水平分异特征和影响因素构建分区格局,明确不同类型区域的建设重点,有助于县域单元数字乡村的均衡发展。