Method of Soft-Sensor Modeling for Fermentation Process Based on Geometric Support Vector Regression

The soft-sensor modeling for fermentation process based on standard support vector regression(SVR) needs to solve the quadratic programming problem(QPP) which will often lead to large computational burdens, slow convergence rate, low solving efficiency, and etc. In order to overcome these problems, a method of soft-sensor modeling for fermentation process based on geometric SVR is presented. In the method, the problem of solving the SVR soft-sensor model is converted into the problem of finding the nearest points between two convex hulls (CHs) or reduced convex hulls (RCHs) in geometry. Then a geometric algorithm is adopted to generate soft-sensor models of fermentation process efficiently. Furthermore, a swarm energy conservation particle swarm optimization (SEC-PSO) algorithm is proposed to seek the optimal parameters of the augmented training sample sets, the RCH size, and the kernel function which are involved in geometric SVR modeling. The method is applied to the soft-sensor modeling for a penicillin fermentation process. The experimental results show that, compared with the method based on the standard SVR, the proposed method of soft-sensor modeling based on geometric SVR for fermentation process can generate accurate soft-sensor models and has much less amount of computation, faster convergence rate, and higher efficiency.

Modeling and identification for soft sensor systems based on the separation of multi-dynamic and static characteristics

Data-driven soft sensor is an effective solution to provide rapid and reliable estimations for key quality variables online. The secondary variables affect the primary variable in considerably different speed, and soft sensor systems exhibit multi-dynamic characteristics. Thus, the first contribution is improving the model in the previous study with multi-time-constant. The characteristics-separation-based model will be identified in substep way,and the stochastic Newton recursive(SNR) algorithm is adopted. Considering the dual-rate characteristics of soft sensor systems, the proposed model cannot be identified directly. Thus, two auxiliary models are first proposed to offer the intersample estimations at each update period, based on which the improved algorithm(DAM-SNR) is derived. These two auxiliary models function in switching mechanism which has been illustrated in detail. This algorithm serves for the identification of the proposed model together with the SNR algorithm, and the identification procedure is then presented. Finally, the laboratorial case confirms the effectiveness of the proposed soft sensor model and the algorithms.

Component Content Soft-Sensor Based on Hybrid Models in Countercurrent Rare Earth Extraction Process

In consideration of the online measurement of the component content in rare earth countercurrent extraction separation process, the soft sensor method based on hybrid modeling was proposed to measure the rare earth component content. The hybrid models were composed of the extraction equilibrium calculation model and the Radial Basis Function (RBF) Neural Network (NN) error compensation model; the parameters of compensation model were optimized by the hierarchical genetic algorithms (HGA). In addition, application experiment research of this proposed method was carried out in the rare earth separation production process of a corporation. The result shows that this method is effective and can realize online measurement for the component content of rare earth in the countercurrent extraction.

Feasibility analysis and online adjustment of constraints in model predictive control integrated with soft sensor

Feasibility analysis of soft constraints for input and output variables is critical for model predictive control(MPC).When encountering the infeasible situation, some way should be found to adjust the constraints to guarantee that the optimal control law exists. For MPC integrated with soft sensor, considering the soft constraints for critical variables additionally makes it more complicated and difficult for feasibility analysis and constraint adjustment. Therefore, the main contributions are that a linear programming approach is proposed for feasibility analysis, and the corresponding constraint adjustment method and procedure are given as well. The feasibility analysis gives considerations to the manipulated, secondary and critical variables, and the increment of manipulated variables as well. The feasibility analysis and the constraint adjustment are conducted in the entire control process and guarantee the existence of optimal control. In final, a simulation case confirms the contributions in this paper.

Forward heuristic breadth-first reasoning based on rule match for biomass hybrid soft-sensor modeling in fermentation process

Biomass is a key parameter in fermentation process, directly influencing the performance of the fermentation system as well as the quality and yield of the targeted product. Hybrid soft-sensor modeling is a good method for on-line estimation of biomass. Structure of hybrid soft-sensor model is a key to improve the estimating accuracy. In this paper, a forward heuristic breadth-first reasoning approach based on rule match is proposed for constructing structure of hybrid model. First, strategy of forward heuristic reasoning about facts is introduced, which can reason complex hybrid model structure in the event of few known facts. Second, rule match degree is defined to obtain higher esti- mating accuracy. The experiment results of Nosiheptide fermentation process show that the hybrid modeling process can estimate biomass with higher accuracy by adding transcendental knowledge and partial mechanism to the process.

SOFT SENSING MODEL BASED ON SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND ITS APPLICATION

Soft sensor is widely used in industrial process control. It plays animportant role to improve the quality of product and assure safety in production. The core of softsensor is to construct soft sensing model. A new soft sensing modeling method based on supportvector machine (SVM) is proposed. SVM is a new machine learning method based on statistical learningtheory and is powerful for the problem characterized by small sample, nonlinearity, high dimensionand local minima. The proposed methods are applied to the estimation of frozen point of light dieseloil in distillation column. The estimated outputs of soft sensing model based on SVM match the realvalues of frozen point and follow varying trend of frozen point very well. Experiment results showthat SVM provides a new effective method for soft sensing modeling and has promising application inindustrial process applications.

Neural Networks Based Component Content Soft-Sensor in Countercurrent Rare-Earth Extraction

The equilibrium model for multicomponent rare earth extraction is developed using neural networks, which combined with the material balance model could give online prediction of component content in countercurrent rare earth (extraction) production. Simulation experiments with industrial operation data prove the effectiveness of the hybrid soft-(sensor).

Component Content Soft-sensor Based on Neural Networks in Rare-earth Countercurrent Extraction Process

Throught fusion of the mechanism modeling and the neural networks modeling,a compo- nent content soft-sensor,which is composed of the equilibrium calculation model for multi-component rare earth extraction and the error compensation model of fuzzy system,is proposed to solve the prob- lem that the component content in countercurrent rare-earth extraction process is hardly measured on-line.An industry experiment in the extraction Y process by HAB using this hybrid soft-sensor proves its effectiveness.

Software sensor for slab reheating furnace

It has long been thought that a reheating furnace, with its inherent measurement difficulties and complex dynamics, posed almost insurmountable problems to engineers in steel plants. A novel software sensor is proposed to make more effective use of those measurements that are already available, which has great importance both to slab quality and energy saving. The proposed method is based on the mixtures of Gaussian processes (GP) with the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm employed for parameter esti- mation of the mixture of models. The mixture model can alleviate the computational complexity of GP and also accords with the changes of operating condition in practical processes. It is demonstrated by on-line estimation of the furnace gas temperature in 1580 reheating furnace in Baosteel Corporation (Group).

Predictive Model for Cement Clinker Quality Parameters

Managers of cement plants are gradually becoming aware of the need for soft sensors in product quality assessment. Cement clinker quality parameters are mostly measured by offline laboratory analysis or by the use of online analyzers. The measurement delay and cost, associated with these methods, are a concern in the cement industry. In this study, a regression-based model was developed to predict the clinker quality parameters as a function of the raw meal quality and the kiln operating variables. This model has mean squared error, coefficient of determination, worst case relative error and variance account for (in external data) given as 8.96 × 10–7, 0.9999, 2.17% and above 97%, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that the developed model can provide real time estimates of the clinker quality parameters and capture wider ranges of real plant operating conditions from first principle-based cement rotary kiln models. Also, the model developed can be utilized online as soft sensor since they contain only variables that are easily measured online.

基于沙地猫群优化–最小二乘支持向量机的动态NOx排放预测

针对火电机组频繁调峰导致机组燃烧状态不稳,进而导致锅炉出口NOx浓度波动范围大的问题,提出一种基于沙地猫群优化(sand cat sarm optimization,SCSO)的最小二乘支持向量机(leastsquaressupportvectormachine,LSSVM) NOx动态预测模型。首先利用k近邻互信息计算时间延迟的同时筛选辅助变量。然后,基于SCSO算法进行输入变量阶次的选择。使用包含辅助变量时间延迟和阶次的信息作为模型的输入,SCSO算法优化最小二乘支持向量机参数,建立动态NOx排放最小二乘支持向量机预测模型(SCSO-LSSVM动态软测量模型)。最后将模型与未加入迟延的LSSVM模型,加入迟延的LSSVM模型和粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)优化最小二乘支持向量机参数的动态软测量模型进行对比验证。结果表明,相较于其他模型,该文建立SCSO-LSSVM动态软测量模型均方根误差、平均绝对误差、平均绝对误差最小,预测精度最高,而且在NOx浓度剧烈波动时也能够较好地预测NOx浓度,具有很好的动态特性。

基于GAN的软测量缺失数据生成方法研究

针对工业过程中传感器数据缺失造成软测量模型精度低的问题,提出一种基于生成对抗网络(generative adversarial nets,GAN)的传感器缺失数据生成方法。利用孤立森林算法检测出传感器数据的缺失区域;利用缺失数据属性特征训练条件生成对抗网络(conditional generative adversarial nets,CGAN),在CGAN的输入条件中添加随机序列作为附加信息迭代送入CGAN中生成数据,并借助WGAN-GP(wasserstein generative adversarial nets gradient penalty)成本函数提高网络训练的稳定性;针对缺失区域检测结果引入采样器,将采样的数据填补进缺失区域,形成完整数据集,以提高软测量模型精度。以镍闪速炉温度传感器数据为目标变量进行软测量建模,验证所提出的提高软测量模型精度方法的可行性与有效性。

助训练策略下的多模型软测量建模

由于复杂工业过程中存在强非线性、多阶段耦合以及有标签样本数量偏少的情况,传统的全局软测量模型难以精确描述整个过程。为此,提出一种助训练策略下的多模型软测量建模方法。该方法采用模糊C均值聚类算法挖掘样本集中的相似性样本并建立若干子模型;通过引入助训练策略,形成基于主、辅学习器的协同训练框架,并设计置信度评估机制淘汰误差样本的同时扩充子模型的建模空间;进而将模糊隶属度作为D-S证据理论的概率分配函数计算出子模型权重,对子模型的输出进行融合以得到最终的模型预测结果。通过对脱丁烷塔工业过程的实际数据进行建模仿真,结果表明此模型具有良好的预测性能。

带FIR滤波的非线性滑动平均动态软测量模型

非线性滑动平均(NMA)模型能有效描述工业过程的动态特性,是一种典型的动态软测量模型.而受限于模型复杂度,NMA模型的输入时序边界相对较窄,难以适应带有大滞后或强测量噪声的动态工业过程.针对该问题,本文将NMA模型与结构简单、输入时序边界宽的FIR滤波器相结合,构造一种非线性、强抗干扰的软测量建模策略.并设计层白化结构来避免二者间的参数耦合现象,采用Adam算法进行同步优化,提高模型的预测精度及训练效率.最后,利用数值仿真和硫回收过程建模实验,验证所提模型的预测精度以及模型设计的合理性.

融合深度学习与过程机理的FCC装置关键参数软测量模型

产品产率作为催化裂化(FCC)装置的关键参数,构造其软测量模型对提升装置效益具有重要的现实意义,而原料与催化剂性质的缺失往往使得产率软测量模型性能迅速恶化。为此,以基于半监督学习的深度置信网络-极限学习机(DBN-ELM)算法为基础,将工艺过程机理模型与数据驱动模型集成,提出了可用于预测商业催化裂化装置产品产率的软测量混合建模方法。此外,还提出基于流程模拟的灵敏度分析-相关系数矩阵(SA-CCM)策略用于软测量模型主要输入变量的选择。结果表明,混合模型相比于数据驱动模型具有更优的模型性能,即预测精度提升43.9%、数据相关性(皮尔森系数)提升29.3%。这说明所提出的产率软测量混合建模方法使得模型的预测性能提高,能较好地适应原料与催化剂性质的变化。

基于最小二乘支持向量机的软测量建模

软测量技术在工业过程控制中得到了广泛的应用,对保证产品质量和安全生产有很重要的作用。软测量技术的核心问题是建立优良的软测量数学模型。支持向量机是近几年发展起来的机器学习的新方法,它较好地解决了小样本、非线性、高维数、局部极小点等实际问题。本文研究了基于最小二乘支持向量机的软测量建模方法,并用交叉验证的方法进行支持向量机参数选择。将基于最小二乘支持向量机的软测量模型应用于轻柴油凝固点的预估。结果表明最小二乘支持向量机是软测量建模的一种非常有效的方法。

基于MI-LSSVM的水泥生料细度软测量建模

针对水泥生料细度软测量模型难以建立的问题,考虑到输入变量选择易受时延的影响,提出一种基于互信息和最小二乘支持向量机(MI-LSSVM)的软测量建模方法。该方法采用互信息表征变量间的相关性,进而解决水泥生料细度软测量建模中的时延问题,并在此基础之上,提出双向选择算法获取输入变量,将得到的输入变量应用于最小二乘支持向量机中,建立水泥生料细度软测量模型,最后应用水泥厂的实际数据对基于互信息和最小二乘支持向量机的水泥生料细度软测量模型进行仿真。结果表明该方法预测精度高、泛化能力强。

基于神经网络及机理分析的气力输送粉料质量流量软测量

本文提出了神经网络与机理分析结合的软测量方法 ,用以实现对气力输送系统中粉料质量流量的在线测量。通过实验验证 ,这种混合软测量方法是有效的。同时 ,与机理模型以及与基于标准神经网络的软测量方法的比较研究表明 。

基于FCM聚类的气化炉温度多模型软测量建模

水煤浆气化是煤炭资源高效清洁利用的重要技术。气化炉反应温度是关系装置能否长周期安全稳定运行的关键参数,但是热电偶在高温、高压和气固物流冲刷环境下,使用寿命有限。本文以一多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉为研究对象,在多模型建模方法的基础上,以数据点间的相似程度作为多模型子区间的划分手段,结合最小二乘支持向量机建立了基于模糊C均值聚类的气化炉温度软测量模型。实际工业运行数据验证结果表明,该软测量模型拟合精度较高,模型泛化能力较强。

化工过程软测量建模方法研究进展

软测量仪表是解决化工过程中质量变量难以实时测量的重要手段。软测量仪表的核心问题是软测量建模。阐述了软测量建模与辨识和非线性建模的关系:质量变量和易测变量的动态关系存在于增量之间,辨识模型依赖于增量数据,软测量建模则是依赖于实测变量数据来获取这个动态关系;非线性建模建立了变量间的静态关系,忽略了对象动态特性,而软测量建模要兼顾对动态特性的表征。随着人们对过程特性的认识加深,软测量建模方法不断发展,经历了从机理建模到数据驱动建模,从线性建模到非线性建模,从静态建模到动态建模的过程。详细讨论了软测量建模的发展过程,众多建模方法的优缺点及适用情况和现在建模的热点,最后对软测量建模方法进行了总体展望。