Soft Base Station Technology in Wireless Communication Systems

With the rapid development of wireless communications systems, different system standards are being merged. Operators take stringent measures to reduce Operational Expenditure （OPEX） and Capital Expenditure （CAPEX）; and as a result, soft base stations supporting multiple standards become the evolutionary tend of wireless base stations. This paper introduces the background of soft base stations and analyzes their architecture design, system modules. The key technologies in system implementation and future directions are also presented.

Enhancing Mar and Abrasion Resistance of Acrylic Hard Coatings with Soft Base Layer

Mar and abrasion resistance were investigated by a progressive load scratch test and steel wool abrasion test, respectively. Two acrylic coating systems including trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) were prepared. A soft base layer was introduced as an intermediate layer between two different types of top layer and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate to demonstrate the effect of soft base layer on mar and abrasion resistance. Abrasion damage on the coating surface was found to be less severe, when the soft base layer was incorporated into the coating systems. The reduction in scratch coefficient of friction (SCOF) and surface roughness was also observed. The results suggested that mar and abrasion resistance was greatly influenced by the presence of soft base layer, although different top layers were used. Moreover, it was found that abrasion resistance was further improved as the thicker soft base layer was applied.

Soft Direct-Adaptation Based Bidirectional Turbo Equalization for MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communications

This paper proposes a soft direct-adaptation based bidirectional turbo equalizer for multiple-input multiple-output underwater acoustic communication systems. Soft, rather than hard, direct-adaptation based equalizer combined with the fast self-optimized least mean square algorithm is employed to achieve a faster convergence rate, and the second-order phase-locked loop is embedded into the equalizer to track the time-varying channel. Meanwhile, by utilizing a weighted linear combining scheme, the conventional soft direct-adaptation based equalizer is combined with the time-reversed soft direct-adaptation based equalizer to exploit bidirectional diversity and mitigate error propagation. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the soft direct-adaptation based bidirectional turbo equalizer outperforms the single-direction soft direct-adaptation based turbo equalizer, and achieves a faster convergence rate than the hard direct-adaptation based bidirectional turbo equalizer.

PROJECTED GRADIENT DESCENT BASED ON SOFT THRESHOLDING IN MATRIX COMPLETION

Matrix completion is the extension of compressed sensing.In compressed sensing,we solve the underdetermined equations using sparsity prior of the unknown signals.However,in matrix completion,we solve the underdetermined equations based on sparsity prior in singular values set of the unknown matrix,which also calls low-rank prior of the unknown matrix.This paper firstly introduces basic concept of matrix completion,analyses the matrix suitably used in matrix completion,and shows that such matrix should satisfy two conditions:low rank and incoherence property.Then the paper provides three reconstruction algorithms commonly used in matrix completion:singular value thresholding algorithm,singular value projection,and atomic decomposition for minimum rank approximation,puts forward their shortcoming to know the rank of original matrix.The Projected Gradient Descent based on Soft Thresholding(STPGD),proposed in this paper predicts the rank of unknown matrix using soft thresholding,and iteratives based on projected gradient descent,thus it could estimate the rank of unknown matrix exactly with low computational complexity,this is verified by numerical experiments.We also analyze the convergence and computational complexity of the STPGD algorithm,point out this algorithm is guaranteed to converge,and analyse the number of iterations needed to reach reconstruction error.Compared the computational complexity of the STPGD algorithm to other algorithms,we draw the conclusion that the STPGD algorithm not only reduces the computational complexity,but also improves the precision of the reconstruction solution.

Hot-press sintering of MA Fe-based nanocrystalline/amorphous soft magnetic powder

Microstructures and magnetic properties of Fe84Nb7B9,Fe80Ti8B 12 and Fe32Ni36（Nb/V）7Si8B17 powders and their bulk alloys prepared by mechanical alloying（MA） method and hot-press sintering were studied. The results show that: 1) After MA for 20 h,nanocrystalline bcc singl e phase supersaturated solid solution forms in Fe84-Nb7B9 and Fe8 0Ti8B12 alloys,amorphous structure forms in Fe32Ni36Nb7 Si8B17 alloy,duplex microstructure composed of nanocrystalline γ- （FeNi） supersaturated solid solution and trace content of Fe2B phase forms in Fe32Ni36-V7Si8B17 alloy. 2) The decomposition process of supersaturated solid solution phases in Fe84Nb7B9 and Fe80Ti8B 12 alloys happens at 710780 ℃,crystallization reaction in Fe （32）Ni36Nb7Si8B17 alloy happens at 530 ℃（the temperature of peak value） and residual amorphous crystallized further happens at 760 ℃ （the temperature of peak value）,phase decomposition process of supersaturated solid solution at 780 ℃ （the temperature of peak value） and crystallization reaction at 431 ℃ （the temperature of peak value） happens in Fe32Ni36V7S i8B17 alloy. 3) under 900 ℃,30 MPa,（0.5 h） hot-press sintering conditions,bulk alloys with high relative density（94.7%95.8%） can be ob tained. Except that the grain size of Fe84Nb7B9 bulk alloy is large,s uperfine grains （grain size 50200 nm） are obtained in other alloys. Exc ept that single phase microstructure is obtained in Fe80Ti8B12 bul k alloy,multi-phase microstructures are obtained in other alloys. 4) The magne tic properties of Fe80Ti8B12bulk alloy（Bs=1.74 T,Hc= 4.35 kA/m） are significantly superior to those of other bulk alloys,which is r elated to the different phases of nanocrystalline or amorphous powder formed dur ing hot-press sintering process and grain size.

Skin formation in drying a film of soft matter solutions：Application of solute based Lagrangian scheme

When a film of soft matter solutions is being dried, a skin layer often forms at its surface, which is a gel-like elastic phase made of concentrated soft matter solutions. We study the dynamics of this process by using the solute based Lagrangian scheme which was proposed by us recently. In this scheme, the process of the gelation（i.e., the change from sol to gel） can be naturally incorporated in the diffusion equation. Effects of the elasticity of the skin phase, the evaporation rate of the solvents, and the initial concentration of the solutions are discussed. Moreover, the condition for the skin formation is provided.

Covering-Based Soft Rough Sets

Covering-based rough sets process data organized by a covering of the universe. A soft set is a parameterized family of subsets of the universe. Both theories can deal with the uncertainties of data. Soft sets have not any restrictions on the approximate description of the object,and they might form a covering of the universe. From this viewpoint,we establish a connection between these two theories. Specifically,we propose a complementary parameter for this purpose. With this parameter,the soft covering approximation space is established and the two theories are bridged. Furthermore,we study some relations between the covering and the soft covering approximation space and obtain some significant results. Finally,we define a notion of combine parameter which can help us to simplify the set of parameters and reduce the storage requirement of a soft covering approximation space.

软弱基底排土场边坡逆排堆高速率及稳定性控制方法研究

针对软弱基底排土场逆排堆高过程的稳定性控制需求,构建了堆高速率与软弱土层强度参数对应关系,提出了一种不同堆高速率条件下排土场边坡稳定性分析方法。针对某排土场案例,开展了软弱基底土样不同固结度快剪试验,结果显示,随着固结度增大,内摩擦角以双曲线型函数逐渐增大,黏聚力基本保持不变。结合硬化土模型,利用有限元法分析了预压堆载下软弱土层平均固结度演化规律,联合直剪试验结果构建了强度参数与堆载厚度、固结时长的定量关系。结果表明,较厚软弱层在堆载和固结时长均相同时具有更低的内摩擦角;当堆载较小、固结时长相同时,软弱层具有更高的内摩擦角;当预压固结时长由50 d提高到100 d时,排土场边坡破坏模式从沿基底滑动变成堆排土体内部滑动,继续延长预压时长不再提升整体稳定性。

大型LNG接收站软基处理关键技术问题分析

LNG接收站(尤其是储罐)的结构安全等级高,相应的地基处理的标准也高,对材料、地基承载力及工后沉降要求很高。而建设工期又非常紧张,就需要快速且高标准地完成地基处理。根据项目的具体特点,在设计和施工上采取了分区施工,加密塑料排水板等技术措施,有效缩短了地基处理的工期。为保证真空预压的处理效果,通过分区控制,边界密封,采用新型抽真空设备等措施,对施工中可能出现的不利因素采取相应的技术保证措施,降低工程质量风险。本工程工期、处理效果均满足要求,可为今后类似项目地基处理提供参考。

适应软土地基的港口铁路路基方案优化

利用软土吹填造陆形成的港区,地基基底承载力通常较差,对铁路路基的设计要求较高。结合港口铁路货运虽然重载、但是多为尽端线路,或装卸线居多,运行速度较低等特点,以黄骅港某铁路路基工程为例,结合目前软土地基上路基设计基本方案,提出改进的路基设计方案。通过技术经济分析,优化改进适应港口软土地基、技术上满足承载力要求,经济上更合理的铁路路基结构形式,并在工程中应用。

Applied distally based peroneus brevis muscle flaps for coverage of the soft tissue defects over the lower one-third of the leg, ankle and foot

Objective To investigate a simple, valuable new method for coverage of the soft tissue defect over the lower one-third of the leg, ankle and the foot. Methods The distally based peroneus brevis muscle fkps were applied for coverage of the soft tissue defects over the lower one-third of the leg,the ankle and the foot. The muscle flaps were covered with split-thickness skin grafts. Results The distally based peroneus brevis muscle flaps were applied for coverage of the soft tissue defects over the lower one-third of the leg, the ankle and the foot in 16 cases. The larges area of the soft tissue defect was 5 cm × 7 cm. The smallest was 3 cm × 4 cm. Primary healing occured in 14 cases undergoing muscle flap construction, second-stage healing occured in 2 cases, no total flap necrosis occured in any cases. Conclusion ThisChina Medical Abstracts(Surgery) technigue is a simple and complication are lesser. The successful rates are higher. This muscle flap is suitable to the mudium or small soft tissue

微差爆破挤淤处理抛石堤坡肩残留淤泥施工工艺研究

某机场陆域形成工程采用爆破挤淤形成抛石防波堤,在淤泥挤出侧形成了100 m~150 m的次生淤泥滩涂带,宽度较大,传统爆破挤淤工艺无法应用,如不处理又不能满足设计要求。针对上述情况,在东防波堤试验段通过陆上冲击钻成孔,将药包布置在坡肩残留淤泥中,同时在垂直海堤轴线海侧以外5m~7m处布置药包,采用两种延迟工艺的微差爆破挤淤施工。结果表明,采用以上药包布置方案,单孔药量为72 kg时,微差爆破可以有效处理抛石挤淤堤坡肩深层位置残留淤泥,钻孔结果表明无淤泥残留。该工艺可解决类似工程的淤泥残留,有现实指导作用。

体育领域用超纤革制备及其性能研究

为改善体育领域用超纤革综合应用性能,提高超纤革手感与质感,本文以高收缩纤维切片与聚酰胺切片混合制备了体育领域用高收缩聚酯纤维超纤革基布与成革,并与聚酯纤维超纤革基布与成革进行了性能对比分析。结果发现,体育领域用高收缩聚酯纤维超纤革力学性能与卫生性能存在显著性差异;相比聚酯纤维超纤革基布,高收缩聚酯纤维超纤革基布纤维间孔径较小;相较于聚酯纤维超纤革,高收缩聚酯纤维超纤革纵向与横向断裂强力偏低,而纵向与横向断裂伸长率较大,柔软度更大,透气率和透湿率更高,吸水量更大,表明其力学性能相对较优,且卫生性能整体更佳。

矿渣水泥基复合材料在杂散电流作用下的抗软水溶蚀机理研究

在轨道交通工程运营期间,复杂的服役环境导致混凝土结构耐久性下降。本文主要研究了在杂散电流与软水溶蚀耦合作用下,矿渣掺量、水胶比和杂散电流电压强度对矿渣水泥基复合材料微观结构的影响。结合X射线衍射、热重、扫描电子显微镜和压汞等方法,分析了矿渣水泥基复合材料经溶蚀90 d后的物相组成、Ca(OH)_(2)含量、微观形貌以及孔结构变化。研究结果表明:矿渣掺量越大,矿渣水泥基复合材料内部的Ca(OH)_(2)含量越少,材料的孔隙率越低,结构更均匀致密;随着杂散电流电压强度的增加,矿渣水泥基复合材料内部的Ca(OH)_(2)和AFt含量变少,且AFt和Ca(OH)_(2)等物相边界变得模糊不清;矿渣水泥基复合材料中C-(A)-S-H的含量略有增多,孔隙率略有下降;随着水胶比的增大,矿渣水泥基复合材料内部的Ca(OH)_(2)含量变少,剩余物相含量变少,微观结构变得松散多孔,孔径结构整体粗化,孔隙率增大。

阜溧高速软基区现浇混凝土曲线梁线形控制

软基区域的现浇混凝土曲线梁在施工时面临着地基承载力弱、不可控因素多、成桥线形控制难度大等问题。以阜溧高速公路大纵湖互通C匝道桥现浇混凝土曲线梁工程为依托,提出了桥梁施工区域软基的加固措施,采用有限元软件Midas Civil建立了曲线梁模型,分析了曲线梁竖向和径向位移的变化规律和影响因素,提出了曲线梁线形控制的施工措施。结果表明:收缩徐变、预应力、恒载引起的预应力连续箱梁最大挠度值分别为2、13、12.5 mm,在混凝土弹性模量、容重和预应力改变时,预应力改变对挠度影响最大;曲线梁平面径向位移对温度作用较敏感,系统升温引起的径向位移达到了14.11 mm。对箱梁开展监测,结果表明该混凝土箱梁高程偏差满足规范要求,且监测结果与有限元模拟值较吻合,研究结果可为类似工程提供借鉴。

铁基软磁材料电抗器噪声特性

铁基软磁复合材料具有高磁导率、高磁感应强度、低铁损的特性,研究该材料为铁心的电抗器的振动噪声特性对电抗器减振降噪设计具有重要意义。文中基于有限元仿真模型,通过磁场-结构-声学多物理场耦合,对正常运行条件下电抗器的振动与噪声分布进行计算分析,并搭建电抗器噪声测量系统,分别测量硅钢铁心、混合铁心和铁基软磁铁心电抗器的噪声信号,进行试验验证。结果表明:混合铁心和铁基软磁铁心电抗器噪声明显低于硅钢铁心电抗器,混合铁心电抗器受电流变化影响最小。仿真数据显示,硅钢铁心电抗器磁致伸缩与麦克斯韦力噪声比值为1.15,磁致伸缩占比最大。铁基软磁铁心电抗器噪声小的主要原因是磁致伸缩效应小至可以忽略。

碱渣-粉煤灰基地聚合物固化软黏土的强度及渗透性研究

“双碳”背景下寻找低碳环保的固化剂替代水泥等传统固化剂进行软土地基加固受到越来越多的关注。利用碱渣(SR)和粉煤灰(FA)制备碱渣-粉煤灰基地聚合物(SR-FAG),通过无侧限抗压强度试验(UCST)和渗透试验(PT),以及扫描电镜(SEM)试验、X射线衍射(XRD)分析与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)测试开展了SR-FAG固化含水率超液限软黏土的试验研究,分析了SR掺量、FA掺量及养护龄期对SR-FAG固化土无侧限抗压强度及渗透性的影响,并探讨了固化机理。研究表明:SR掺量对SR-FAG固化土的早期强度增长作用较明显,7 d的强度可达到28 d的56%~89%,而后期强度增长主要受FA掺量影响。当SR掺量为30%且FA掺量达到25%时,SR-FAG固化土28 d的强度可达到1.6 MPa,并随龄期持续增长。SR-FAG固化土90 d龄期的渗透系数比固化前降低近一个数量级,达到1.344×10^(-8)cm/s。C-S-H凝胶充填固化土中土颗(团)粒的大孔隙,并发挥胶结作用,导致SR-FAG固化土的早期强度增长与渗透性降低,而后期强度增长则与硅铝酸盐凝胶的胶结作用密切相关。

深软基地区大面积堆载对临近桥梁桩基的影响分析及加固措施

以佛山市某桥下空间堆载施工为工程背景,采用MIDAS/GTS NX有限元软件,模拟软基中桥下空间堆载施工过程,基于深厚软基地质的特性,分析了不同堆载施工工序对既有桥梁结构的影响。结果表明:既有49^(#)和51^(#)桥梁结构的位移呈“弓”型,且在桩基1/3处产生最大值,既有50^(#)桥梁结构的位移出现倾斜的趋势,且在桥墩顶处产生最大值;堆载完成施工时,工况1相比于工况2,49^(#)、50^(#)和51^(#)桥梁结构位移能够有效减小4.22%、10.02%和15.60%;随着加固区域或深度的增加,既有桥梁结构的位移逐渐减小,桩基周围深度加固相比于未加固依次减少了62.88%、67.22%、71.89%、75.29%、78.76%和81.28%;桩基周围区域加固相比于未加固依次减少了73.37%、90.97%、92.41%;软土地基情况下,桥下空间堆载施工引起既有桥梁产生较大位移,需对既有桥梁采取一定的加固措施,尤其是支座墩,避免桥梁产生不利影响,保证桥梁的正常运营。

山东沿黄地区水工建筑物软基处理技术及应用

山东沿黄地区处于黄河下游,多为冲积扇平原。软土地基是该地区水工建筑物施工中常见的难点问题,地基处理往往决定着建筑物的结构安全与有效运行。因此,科学合理的软基处理技术是保障地基承载力和控制基础沉降的关键。文章结合实例对水工建筑物施工中软基处理措施进行了分析,并总结施工要点,为类似工程提供借鉴。

公路高填方路基变形机理研究

为准确把握公路高填方路基的变形机理,向公路建设及后续运营提供技术支撑,文中依托某公路高填方路基工程,在项目勘察成果的基础上,对高填方路基的边坡破坏模式及变形机理进行了分析,证实了若高填方路基基底处理效果欠佳,边坡易出现沿着坡脚的内部滑移。提出了相应的高填方路基基底处理方案后,文中采用有限元软件对高填方路基段进行数值计算,分析了高填方路基的沉降变形、侧向变形等指标。最后,通过现场监测结果及有限元分析数据,对高填方路基的基底处理、填方材料、施工工艺等方面给出了建议,为后续同类型项目的设计、施工提供可靠的技术参考。