CENTRIFUGAL TEST STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SOFT CLAY AT SEA BOTTOM UNDER THE ACTION OF WAVE FORCE

The importance of studying the behavior of the soil at the sea bottom under the action of wave force has arisen with the development of offshore engineering.In this paper,the behavior of the soft clay under the action of wave forces is studied by performing centrifugal tests.The soil profile and the wave characters were simulated in the centrifugal model cell according to the typical environmental conditions of the oil fields in the Bohai gulf.Test results show that the soft clay layer will be seriously softened near the upper surface under the maximum wave height and slightly affected in the deeper layer,and that no liquefaction was recorded in the silty sand sublayer during the test.It is proven that the centrifugal test is a valid technique for simulating the interaction between soil and wave.

Performance of composite foundations with different load transfer platforms and substratum stiffness over silty clay

The semi-rigid pile-supported composite foundation is widely used in highway projects due to its effectiveness in increasing the bearing capacity and stability of foundations.It is crucial to understand the stress distribution across the embankment width and the behaviour of unreinforced foundations.Thus,five centrifuge tests were conducted to examine the bearing and deformation behaviours of NPRS(Non-Connected Piled Raft Systems)and GRPS(GeosyntheticReinforced Pile-Supported systems)with varying substratum stiffness,then a comparative analysis was conducted on embankment settlement,pressures underneath the embankments,and axial forces along the piles.The results indicated that greater substratum stiffness correlates with reduced settlement and deformation at various depths.Deformation occurring 5 meters from the embankment toe includes settlement in NPRS and upward movement in GRPS.The potential sliding surface is primarily located within the embankment in NPRS,whereas it may extend through both the embankment and foundation in GRPS.The pile-soil stress ratio and efficiency in NPRS are higher than in GRPS across the embankment.The axial force borne by end-bearing piles is significantly greater than that by floating piles.As the buried depth increases,the axial force in GRPS initially rises then declines,whereas in NPRS,it remains relatively constant within a certain range before decreasing.This study aids in assessing the applicability of composite foundations in complex railway environments and provides a reference for procedural measures under similar conditions.

Influence of pile spacing on seismic response of piled raft in soft clay: centrifuge modeling

In order to study the infl uence of pile spacing on the seismic response of piled raft in soft clay, a series of shaking table tests were conducted by using a geotechnical centrifuge. The dynamic behavior of acceleration, displacement and internal forces was examined. The test results indicate that the seismic acceleration responses of models are generally greater than the surrounding soil surface in the period ranges of 2–10 seconds. Foundation instant settlements for 4×4 and 3×3 piled raft (with pile spacing equal to 4 and 6 times pile diameter) are somewhat close to each other at the end of the earthquake, but reconsolidation settlements are greater for 3×3 piled raft. The seismic acceleration of superstructure, the uneven settlement of the foundation and the maximum bending moment of pile are relatively lower for 3×3 piled raft. Successive earthquakes lead to the softening behavior of soft clay, which causes a reduction of the pile bearing capacity and thus loads are transferred from the pile group to the raft. For the case of a 3×3 piled raft, there is relatively smaller change of the load sharing ratio of the pile group and raft after the earthquake and the distribution of maximum bending moments at the pile head is more uniform.

Stability of long trench in soft soils by bentonite-water slurry

A series of centrifuge model tests exploring the effects of different types of slurry on long-trench stability in soft clay were conducted. The influence of groundwater conditions relative to trench stability was examined by constructing long trenches using different slurries. The soil deformation and surface settlement induced by the excavation of the trench are found to be closely related to slurry type and excavation depth of the long trench. Increasing the bentonite concentration of the slurry has beneficial effects on stability: 1) larger particles can improve local and global stability in cases where filter cakes do not form, and 2) larger viscosity can promote filter cake formation on the walls of long trenches excavated in soft clay and enhance their stability.

软土地基上箱筒型基础防波堤静力离心模型试验研究

利用离心模型试验研究新型箱筒型基础防波堤在水平静荷载作用下的工作性状和稳定性。通过在箱筒型基础防波堤上的波浪荷载合力作用点处施加水平静荷载直至达到极限状态,得到水平静荷载作用下防波堤的位移和地基土体中超静孔压响应。试验结果表明:设计荷载作用下防波堤结构的位移较小,荷载达到约2.2倍设计值时,荷载–位移曲线出现拐点,当荷载达到约3倍设计值时达到极限状态,防波堤发生向港侧的水平位移、港侧基础筒下沉、海侧基础筒上升以及向港侧的倾斜;荷载作用下港侧基础筒周围土体中的孔压增大,海侧基础筒周围土体中的孔压降低,港侧基础筒内的超静孔压始终大于筒外的超静孔压,荷载较小时海侧基础筒内的负超静孔压大于筒外的负超静孔压,而荷载较大时筒内的负超静孔压略小于筒外的负超静孔压。

波浪荷载作用下箱筒型基础防波堤性状试验研究

箱筒型基础防波堤是一种新型的防波堤结构,适用于较深水域且海底为软土地基的筑堤情形。然而,这种新型防波堤出现时间较短,对其性状表现的认识尚在积累中,采取何种破坏模式进行设计计算是一个关键难题。为此,开展了土工离心模型试验,探讨了波浪荷载强度、波浪作用持续时间、结构下筒长度和压载等因素对防波堤结构位移模式的影响。试验在离心机高速运转条件下模拟了周期性循环波浪荷载,观测了箱筒型基础防波堤的水平变位、沉降和倾斜以及地基中孔隙水压力等反应。结果发现,修建于给定条件地基上的箱筒型基础防波堤能够很好地抵抗设计荷载强度波浪作用,所发生的沉降、水平变位和倾斜度均不会超出相应的控制值,其主要位移破坏模式为防波堤倾斜过度而失稳或水平变位超出容许值而发生侧向滑动破坏。

深厚吹填砂港区堆场地基沉降预估方法

根据大面积深厚吹填砂工程的特点,分析太沙基一维固结理论在分层地基,分级加载等复杂工程条件下应用的可行性,提出了相应的简化计算模型,并编制一维固结计算程序。结合上海某围海成陆港区堆场工程,对其吹填砂层及软弱下卧层的固结沉降进行了计算分析,通过计算结果和离心机模型试验结果的对比分析,对计算模型进行修正,提出了大面积吹填砂工程地基沉降预估方法。

某红层深挖路堑基底上拱离心模型试验研究

本文以成自铁路球溪站深路堑工点为研究对象,开展了外业调查、资料整理和模型选取,通过离心机模型试验分析开挖深路堑前后应力场和位移变化规律,探究路堑坡体开挖后基底不同深度水平应力与竖向应力变化的特征、相对大小关系及变形情况,结果表明:(1)深路堑坡体开挖后,基底埋深一定深度范围内,水平应力调整为大于竖向应力,基底中部上拱变形量最大;(2)水平应力与竖向应力的大小关系是导致深路堑基底产生上拱变形的关键因素。

深厚软基筑坝可行性——离心模拟试验研究

通过离心模拟试验研究,系统分析了深厚软基采用碎石振冲置换后筑坝的变形性状,并通过不同置换量对比,得出较为合理的方案。

用振冲法加固土石坝软基的离心模型试验研究

本文通过离心模拟试验研究，系统分析了深厚软弱地基采用碎石振冲处理后筑坝的可行性，并通过不同振冲置换量对比分析，优化出经济合理的方案。

深软基筑坝设计——以云南麻栗坝水库为例

深厚软基建坝的关键技术问题是解决坝体、坝基变形,通过采取工程处理措施使其控制在不危害大坝安全的范围内是设计处理的主要目的。麻栗坝水库第三系含砾砂土埋藏超过500m,覆盖层全部处理既没有必要亦不可能,设计部门根据工程特点提出利用坝体分三期加载来减小和消散变形,试图通过物理模型比为200的离心模拟试验来验证设计方案的合理性,试验结果表明设计考虑的工程措施可以起到减小变形的作用。

桩顶荷载对软土地基-群桩基础动力相互作用的影响与机理分析

设计并实施了软黏土地基-群桩基础体系的动态离心模型试验,通过设置两组不同桩顶荷载的模型预制桩,在50g重力加速度环境下,获取了天然地震动作用下软黏土层的加速度、承台横向位移及桩身弯矩,并据此推导计算了桩身竖向变形、桩土相对位移与桩周土抗力,分析研究了桩顶荷载对软黏土-群桩基础体系地震动响应的影响及作用机理。结果表明:①在地震作用下桩身弯矩的反应结果比较复杂,当桩身弯矩沿深度方向出现唯一零点时,桩身弯矩随埋深的增加呈现出先减小后增大又减小的趋势,且桩顶荷载增加时出现这一情况的概率提高了7.58%;②桩顶荷载对桩身弯矩有一定的影响,桩顶荷载增加时,桩身弯矩的最大值随之减小7%,桩周土抗力随之增大25.32%;③软黏土发生震陷时,土体相对位移在桩-土相互作用中起主导作用,桩周土抗力与桩身弯矩的最大值均出现在土体相对位移最大值附近。

Centrifuge model test on earthquake-induced differential settlement of foundation on cohesive ground

Dynamic centrifuge model test was conducted to study the earthquake-induced differential settlement of foundation on cohesive ground, and the influence of asymmetry of building was investigated. During the experiment, the overconsolidated kaolin clay ground with a three-dimensional asymmetrical structure model was shaken by a basically balanced input motion, and bender elements were used to measure shear wave velocities of model ground to reveal the soil fabric evolution during and after shaking. The test results show that, the total seismic settlement of foundation is composed of instantaneous and long-term post-earthquake settlements, and most of the differential settlement occurs immediately after the earthquake while the post-earthquake settlement is relatively uniform despite its large amplitude. The asymmetry of building affects the settlement behavior considerably. Compared with 1-or 2-dimensional structures, more evident differential settlement occurs under threedimensional asymmetrical building during shaking, which accounts for one-half of the total seismic settlements and results in complex spatial tilting effects of foundation.