Applied distally based peroneus brevis muscle flaps for coverage of the soft tissue defects over the lower one-third of the leg, ankle and foot

Objective To investigate a simple, valuable new method for coverage of the soft tissue defect over the lower one-third of the leg, ankle and the foot. Methods The distally based peroneus brevis muscle fkps were applied for coverage of the soft tissue defects over the lower one-third of the leg,the ankle and the foot. The muscle flaps were covered with split-thickness skin grafts. Results The distally based peroneus brevis muscle flaps were applied for coverage of the soft tissue defects over the lower one-third of the leg, the ankle and the foot in 16 cases. The larges area of the soft tissue defect was 5 cm × 7 cm. The smallest was 3 cm × 4 cm. Primary healing occured in 14 cases undergoing muscle flap construction, second-stage healing occured in 2 cases, no total flap necrosis occured in any cases. Conclusion ThisChina Medical Abstracts(Surgery) technigue is a simple and complication are lesser. The successful rates are higher. This muscle flap is suitable to the mudium or small soft tissue

Oral and maxillofacial-head and neck reconstruction with soft tissue free flaps of 41 cases: A single team's experience

Objective To retrospectively review the single team's experience of oral and maxillofacialhead and neck reconstruction involving 41 soft tissue free flap procedures.Methods From 1994 to 2012,41 patients who underwent oral and maxillofacial-head and neck soft tissue free flap reconstruction at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgical Oncology,Hospital and College of Stomatology,Xi'an Jiaotong University,were reviewed with clinicopathologic data.Results The 41 patients included 24 men and 17 women with a mean age of 54 years.A total of 41 soft tissue free flaps were performed to reconstruct different anatomical structures in the head and neck region including oral mucosa,facial bone,head and neck skin.Two types of soft tissue free flaps were used to reconstruct surgical defects,including radial forearm flap and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap.Radial forearm flaps were used for 37cases and latissimus dorsi-myocutaneous flaps were 4 cases.Of 41 cases,39 were successful,with an overall success rate of 95.1%.There were 2 free flap failures,including one radial forearm flap and one latissimus dorsi-myocutaneous flap(partial flap necrosis);hence,the flap success rates for radial forearm flap and latissimus dorsimyocutaneous were,respectively,97.3% and 87.5%.Conclusions Radial forearm flap and latissimus dorsi-myocutaneous flap are reliable soft tissue free flaps to repair oral and maxillofacial-head and neck area with high success rate,which resulted in good functionally and cosmetically with fewer complications both donor and recipient sites.

Versatility of Reverse Sural Fasciocutaneous Flap for Reconstruction of Distal Lower Limb Soft tissue Defects

Summary： In this study we present our experiences with the reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap to reconstruct the distal lower limb soft tissue defects caused by traumatic injuries. These flap graftings were carried out from Oct. 2010 to Dec. 2012 in our department. The series consisted of 36 patients, including 21 men and 15 women with an average age of 46.2 years （14-83 years） and with a medium followp period of 18 months （12-24 months）. Of all the cases of acute trauma, there were 10 eases of trauma of distal tibia, 9 cases of trauma of perimalleolus, and 17 cases of trauma of midfoot and forefoot. Related risk factors in the patients were diabetes （2 cases）, advanced age （〉65 years, 3 cases） and ciga- rette smoking （6 cases）. The reverse flow sural island flap irrigation depended on lower perforators of the peroneal artery. The fasciocutaneous pedicle was 3-4 cm in width and the anatomical structures consisted of the superficial and deep fascia, the sural nerve, short saphenous vein, superficial sural artery together with an islet of subcutaneous cellular tissue and skin. The most proximal border of the flap was only 1.5 cm away from the popliteal skin crease and the pivot point was 5-7 cm above the tip of the lateral malleolus. All the flaps survived. No arterial crisis occurred in any case. The venous congestion occurred in 2 cases and got better after raising the limbs and bloodletting. Only in an old man, 1.5 cm necrosis of distal margin of his flap occurred and finally healed after continuous dressing change. One-stage skin grafting was performed, and all the donor sites were sutured and successfully healed. It was concluded that the reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap is safe and reliable to extend to the proximal third even near the popliteal skin crease. We also concluded this flap can be safely and efficiently used to treat patients with large and far soft-tissue defects from the distal leg to the forefoot with more versatility and it is easier to reach the recipient sites.

Experimental study on early repair of oromaxillofacial perforating soft tissue defect due to gunshot in dogs

The left cheek of 8 adult male mongrel dogs was shot with M1935.56mm bul-let fired through an US-made M16 rifle to result in a perforating soft tissue defect.Pri-mary debridement was performed immediately and the secondary debridement 72h alter in-jury.After the secondary thorough debridement,the cutaneous side of the defect was re-paired with a saphenous artery-vein free skin(muscular)flap using microvascularanastomosis,and the oral side of the defect was repaired by drawing the surroundingmucosa together and fixing with sutures or with a local sliding mucous membrane flap.All the animals were kept under observation for 2～6 months.It was believed that the pri-mary debridement and secondary thorough debridement were both essential. The survivalrate of the free tissue flap was 75%(6/8).These facts suggest that early repair ofthe oromaxillofacial perforating soft tissue defect due to gunshot is practicable.

Application of a pre-filled tissue expander for preventing soft tissue incarceration during tibial distraction osteogenesis

BACKGROUND Bone transport and distraction osteogenesis has been widely used to treat bone defects after traumatic surgery,but,skin and soft tissue incarceration can be as high as 27.6%.AIM To investigate the efficacy of inserting a tissue expander to prevent soft tissue incarceration.METHODS Between January 2016 and December 2018,12 patients underwent implantation of a tissue expander in the subcutaneous layer in the vicinity of a tibial defect to maintain the soft tissue in position.A certain amount of normal saline was injected into the tissue expander during surgery and was then gradually extracted to shrink the expander during the course of transport distraction osteogenesis.The tissue expander was removed when the two ends of the tibial defect were close enough.RESULTS In all 12 patients,the expanders remained intact in the subcutaneous layer of the bone defect area during the course of transport distraction osteogenesis.When bone transport was adequate,the expander was removed and the bone transport process was completed.During the whole process,there was no incarceration of skin and soft tissue in the bone defect area.Complications occurred in one patient,who experienced poor wound healing.CONCLUSION The pre-filled expander technique can effectively avoid soft tissue incarceration.The authors’primary success with this method indicates that it may be a valuable tool in the management of incarcerated soft tissue.

Lower rotating point nutrient vessels of sural nerve flap with distant pedicled repairing soft tissue defect of foot and ankle

To explore lower rotating potint nutrient vessels of sural nerve flap with distant pedicled repairing the soft tissue defect of foot and ankle.Methods Lay a foundation of anatomic studying from february 2003 to March 2004,using lower rotating point nutrient vessels of sural nerve flap with distant pedicled repairing the soft tissue defect of foot and ankle in 11 cases.Cause of injuring:traffic accident 7 cases,crushing 1 case,saw injury 1 case,skin cancer 1 case,chronic ulcer 1 case.Areas:foot heel 6 cases,shank lower section 2 cases,heel tendon 2 cases,the distant back of the foot 1 case.Using the flap axis point was 1～3 cm above the pin of the external heel,average 2 cm.The scope of the flap was 6.0 cm×8.0 cm～12.0 cm～18.0 cm.Results All sural nerve flaps were alive.Of them,2 cases have distant part necrosis,accompanying with subcutaneous tissue,1 case heels after change dressings,another heels after skin grafting.All case can walk as usual,the flap was wear-resisting and keenly feel.Conclusion Lower rotating point nutrient vessels of sural nerve flap,donner area was fine,available area was large,skin in the pink,easy grafting,without main blood vessel damage,survival rate high,it is a good donner area in repairing around heel,foot and shank lower section.7 refs,1 tab.

Management of soft tissue defects of the thumb

Hand surgery has undergone substantial changes in recent years,especially for reconstructive surgery techniques.We discuss the management of soft tissue defects of the thumb,discussing indications,and operative pearls and pitfalls.We cover non-operative treatment and local advancement flaps for small distal soft tissue defects and pedicled flaps for more significant defects.We also discuss composite vascularized free flaps such as second-toe neurocutaneous flaps and partial hallux transfer for compound defects or total amputations.This article aims to provide hand surgeons with an update on reconstructing an injured thumb.

Soft tissue defects of the hand:etiology and classification

Soft tissue defects of the hand may result from trauma,oncological procedures,or severe infections.Different etiologies have been discussed.In all cases,an accurate clinical examination is mandatory to understand which structures are involved and what must be reconstructed.It can be helpful to simplify the decision-making process to classify these lesions.However,there is no consensus on which classification is best to be used among those described in the literature.This review presents the most common ones,differentiating those classically used to describe tissue loss consequential to a traumatic event from those used to classify soft tissue defects consequent to other events.

胸背动脉穿支皮瓣在肩胸背部创面修复中的临床应用

目的探讨胸背动脉穿支皮瓣在肩胸背部皮肤软组织缺损修复中的应用。方法自2019年1月至2022年12月,应用胸背动脉穿支皮瓣修复肩胸背部皮肤软组织缺损8例,致伤原因均为肿瘤切除术后。术前应用CTA和手持多普勒超声确认胸背动脉的存在、走行、分支及穿支位置。根据创面位置、面积设计胸背动脉穿支皮瓣。皮瓣仅携带穿支发出位置的极少量肌肉,将胸背动脉降支近端从肌肉内剥离,保留胸背动脉横支和胸背神经。如血管蒂长度不足,可切断横支。皮瓣带蒂转移修复创面。供瓣区拉拢缝合。结果8例皮瓣均存活,供瓣区切口愈合好。随访6个月到2年,所有患者受区外观满意,供瓣区无明显畸形,肩关节功能无明显影响。结论胸背动脉穿支皮瓣血供可靠,血管蒂长,且基本完整地保留了背阔肌功能,是修复肩胸背部邻近创面的良好选择。

股前外侧穿支皮瓣的个性化精准设计:十年1079例临床疗效分析

目的探讨个性化精准设计的股前外侧穿支皮瓣重建各种复杂组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾分析我科2013年1月-2023年1月采用个性化精准设计的各种股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复的1079例患者的临床疗效。以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂切取1013例(其中小儿65例)、横支为血管蒂切取40例、斜支为血管蒂切取26例(小儿1例),以旋股内侧动脉或股动脉来源穿支为蒂切取9例。其中传统股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植441例、带蒂转移27例、特殊形式穿支皮瓣基本术式511例、衍生术式100例。修复下肢787例,上肢264例,躯干部17例,头颈部4例,上述多部位7例。并对各种个性化精准设计的股前外侧穿支皮瓣术后临床疗效及并发症发生率进行统计比较。结果本组1079例股前外侧穿支皮瓣中,术后顺利成活1063例,其中发生血管危象行探查术成活14例,总成功率为98.52%。比较游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣、带蒂转移、特殊形式穿支皮瓣基本术式和衍生术式各组成功率,结果显示各组间成功率无明显差异(P>0.05)。本组1079例股前外侧穿支皮瓣主要并发症发生情况:静脉危象35例(3.24%),动脉危象22例(2.04%),感染19例(1.76%),切口延迟愈合6例(0.56%),完全坏死16例(1.48%),部分坏死35例(3.24%)。统计学分析显示静脉危象方面特殊形式穿支皮瓣基本类型组发生率低于衍生术式组(P<0.001),切口感染方面带蒂转移组发生率高于特殊形式穿支皮瓣组(P=0.007),切口延迟愈合方面传统游离移植组发生率高于特殊形式穿支皮瓣组(P=0.04),皮瓣部分坏死方面带蒂转移组发生率高于特殊形式穿支皮瓣组(P=0.008)。结论股前外侧穿支皮瓣个性化精准设计,可以获得良好的临床疗效,值得临床推广应用。

分叶股前外侧穿支皮瓣在四肢软组织缺损修复中的应用

目的报道应用分叶股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复四肢大面积软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2014年11月至2024年4月,应用分叶股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复四肢复杂软组织缺损168例。皮瓣切取面积24 cm×7 cm~37 cm×10 cm。穿支皮瓣的动脉、静脉、皮神经分别与受区动脉、静脉、皮神经吻合,168例供区均一期直接缝合。术后随访5个月~7年,随访方式门诊及微信,内容包括皮瓣血运、色泽及质地、外观、感觉恢复及供区愈合情况。结果165例皮瓣全部成活,无感染发生。1例单叶皮瓣坏死,2例皮瓣完全坏死,二次手术清创,待创面清洁后予以游离皮片移植,创面愈合。皮瓣供区一期美容缝合,无骨筋膜室综合征发生。术后随访5个月~7年,成活皮瓣血运良好,色泽、质地与受区相近,其中3例外形略臃肿,二期行皮瓣整形手术,术后外形满意。皮瓣供区术后呈线形瘢痕,位置隐蔽,无明显增生。结论股前外侧穿支皮瓣由旋股外侧动脉滋养,该动脉解剖分支位置相对稳定,穿支多,适合进行分叶皮瓣的设计。分叶设计及切取的方式既可以修复位置相近的多处创面;又可以将受区的宽度转化为供区的长度,使供区一期闭合创口;同时,在手足解剖分界部位通过分叶设计可以展现良好的生理折线。分叶股前外侧穿支皮瓣是一种理想的的修复四肢复杂软组织缺损的方法。

游离背阔肌双叶皮瓣修复肢体软组织缺损的效果

目的探讨游离背阔肌双叶皮瓣修复肢体软组织缺损的效果。方法采用游离背阔肌双叶皮瓣修复9例肢体严重创伤患者,胸背动脉外侧分支背阔肌皮瓣切取范围为13.5 cm×6.5 cm~23.5 cm×9.0 cm,胸背动脉内侧分支背阔肌皮瓣切取范围为6.5 cm×5.5 cm~10.5 cm×7.5 cm。皮瓣切取后进行适当调整以修复各种不规则的缺损创面,皮瓣供区创面可直接缝合或仅需少量皮片移植修复。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~23个月。术后8例游离背阔肌双叶皮瓣全部成活,1例胸背动脉内侧支背阔肌皮瓣远端少部分坏死,经二期切除缺损创面直接缝合后愈合。7例因皮瓣臃肿行皮瓣修薄术,2例无需二次修整。末次随访时9例皮瓣质地及外形均良好,创伤肢体活动功能均恢复满意。7例供区直接缝合,遗留线状瘢痕,2例供区少量皮片移植修复。结论背阔肌皮瓣解剖恒定,血运可靠,供区隐蔽,切取面积范围大,是修复肢体严重创伤大面积软组织缺损的良好方法,而且采取双叶切取既有利于供区创面直接缝合,又有利于不规则创面的修复。

脱细胞真皮基质和带蒂颊脂垫瓣修复颊部软组织缺损的对比研究

目的比较脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)和带蒂颊脂垫瓣(PBFPF)修复颊部软组织缺损的效果。方法选取我院84例行颊黏膜缺损修复的患者,随机分为ADM组和PBFPF组,每组42例。ADM组患者采用ADM修复,PBFPF组患者使用PBFPF修复。比较2组患者修复时间、经口进食时间、住院时间。于术前、术后1周、术后1个月、术后6个月测量并比较患者的最大开口度,记录患者的修复有效率及并发症发生情况。观察患者术后口腔颌面部功能(吞咽功能、语言功能、咀嚼功能)改善情况。结果2组患者修复时间、经口进食时间、住院时间、并发症总发生率、术后吞咽功能、术后语言功能比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ADM组与PBFPF组患者最大开口度组间比较、组间与时点的交互效应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),时点的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PBFPF组中缺损面积为>13~20 cm2的患者修复有效率高于ADM组(P<0.05)。PBFPF组患者的咀嚼功能优于ADM组(P<0.05)。结论PBFPF及ADM用于口腔黏膜组织缺损的修复各有优势,对于黏膜缺损面积较大(>13~20 cm2)的患者,PBFPF的修复效果更好。

改良腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣在足踝部皮肤软组织缺损中的修复效果

目的:探讨足踝部皮肤软组织缺损患者采用改良腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复的效果。方法:选择2019年7月—2022年12月贵州省人民医院整形烧伤外科收治的100例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损行皮瓣修复的患者。按照随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,各50例,对照组予以腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复,观察组予以改良腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复。观察两组皮瓣情况(皮瓣一期成活率、增生性瘢痕、色素沉着发生率)、皮瓣感觉功能、踝关节活动度(踝关节跖屈、背伸角度)及踝关节功能[美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分系统评分]。结果:观察组皮瓣一期成活率为94.00%,高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后增生性瘢痕、色素沉着发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组皮瓣感觉恢复优良率为88.00%,高于对照组的72.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,两组踝关节跖屈、背伸角度高于术前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,两组疼痛、力线及功能维度评分高于术前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:改良腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣在足踝部皮肤软组织缺损修复中血运可靠,能改善踝关节功能,促进皮瓣感觉功能恢复,提高皮瓣一期成活率。

Effect of a combination of local flap and sequential compression- distraction osteogenesis in the reconstruction of post-traumatic tibial bone and soft tissue defects

Background Treatment of extensive post-traumatic composite bone and soft tissue defects remains a complicated therapeutic problem and a challenge for surgeons. We investigated the application of local flaps and Ilizarov osteogenesis in the reestablishment of severe combined defects of tibial bone and soft tissue. Methods Sixteen patients with bone and soft tissue defects were included. The mean age of the patients was 31.5 years. The average time from injury to initial surgery was 14.4 weeks. The average soft tissue and bone defect sizes were 92.9 cm2 and 8.7 cm, respectively. Local flaps were created to reconstruct the soft tissue defects. The Ilizarov external fixator or the Orthofix Limb Reconstruction System was used to reconstruct bony defects using delayed distraction osteogenesis. Results Two myocutaneous flaps and 14 reverse island flaps were applied. All transferred flaps survived. Fifteen patients healed with equal leg length, and one healed with a residual leg-length discrepancy of 1.5 cm. One patient with an Ilizarov external fixator developed ankle joint stiffening and a pin-track infection that was successfully treated with oral antibiotics. No patient developed pin loosening. All patients walked without assistance. Fifteen patients returned to their work, and one lost her job. The results were evaluated using the Paley bone and functional assessment scores. The bone assessment results were excellent in 14 and good in two patients. Functional assessment scores were excellent in 13, good in two, and fair in one patient. Conclusion The combination of local flaps and sequential distraction osteogenesis can be used for successful reconstruction of defects of incorporated bone and soft tissue.

股前外侧皮瓣修复足踝部复合组织缺损的临床疗效分析

目的研究分析股前外侧皮瓣修复足踝部复合组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年6月本院收治的足踝部复合组织缺损患者共92例,根据皮瓣修复手术方法不同将92例患者分为两组,其中观察组51例,行股前外侧皮瓣修复治疗,对照组41例,行小腿岛状穿支皮瓣修复治疗。结果观察组患者的手术治疗时间,皮瓣愈合时间均明显短于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后皮瓣均完全成活;术后3个月,观察组患者AOFAS评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);术后3个月,观察组患者BMRC感觉功能恢复分级中,S3-S4级占比明显高于对照组患者(P<0.05);观察组患者术后并发症发生率(11.76%)与对照组患者术后并发症发生率(12.20%)无明显差异,比较无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.8214,P>0.05)。结论采用股前外侧皮瓣修复足踝部复合软组织缺损,可以获得较好的临床疗效,患者术后足踝功能以及皮瓣感觉功能恢复更好,适合临床选择应用。

Masquelet技术联合游离髂腹股沟皮瓣治疗复杂手外伤复合组织缺损的效果研究

目的:分析复杂手外伤复合组织缺损患者应用Masquelet技术联合游离髂腹股沟皮瓣治疗的临床效果。方法:选取2020年6月—2022年6月南宁市第二人民医院创伤手外科收治的复杂手外伤患者80例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组实施游离髂腹股沟皮瓣移植术,观察组实施Masquelet技术联合游离髂腹股沟皮瓣移植术。比较两组感染发生率、皮瓣成活总有效率、住院时间、疼痛程度。结果:观察组感染发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组皮瓣成活总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。观察组住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗前,两组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组VAS评分降低,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Masquelet技术联合游离髂腹股沟皮瓣治疗复杂手外伤复合组织缺损的应用效果良好,可降低术后感染率,提高皮瓣成活率,减轻术后疼痛程度,缩短住院时间。

Efficacy and safety of external tissue expansion technique in the treatment of soft tissue defects:a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes and complication rates

Background:Currently,various external tissue expansion devices are becoming widely used.Considering the scarcity of relevant application standards,this systematic review was performed to explore the effectiveness and safety of external tissue expansion techniques for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects.Method:A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of external tissue expansion technique was conducted.A comprehensive search was performed in the following electronic databases:PubMed/Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library(Wiley Online Library),andWeb of Science.Studies reporting patients with soft tissue defects under the treatment of external tissue expansion technique were included.Results:A total of 66 studies with 22 different types of external tissue expansion devices met the inclusion criteria.We performed a descriptive analysis of different kinds of devices.A single-arm meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the external tissue expansion technique for different aetiologies.The pooled mean wound healing time among patients with defects after fasciotomy was 10.548 days[95%confidence interval(CI)=5.796-15.299].The pooled median wound healing times of patients with defects after excisional surgery,trauma,chronic ulcers and abdominal defects were 11.218 days(95%CI=6.183-16.253),11.561 days(95%CI=7.062-16.060),15.956 days(95%CI=11.916-19.996)and 12.853 days(95%CI=9.444-16.227),respectively.The pooled wound healing rates of patients with defects after fasciotomy,excisional surgery,trauma,chronic ulcers and abdominal defects were 93.8%(95%CI=87.1-98.2%),97.2%(95%CI=92.2-99.7%),97.0%(95%CI=91.2-99.8%),99.5%(95%CI=97.6-100%),and 96.8%(95%CI=79.2-100%),respectively.We performed a subgroup analysis in patients with diabetic ulcers and open abdominal wounds.The pooled median wound healing time of patients with diabetic ulcers was 11.730 days(95%CI=10.334-13.125).The pooled median wound healing time of patients with open abdomen defects was 48.810 days(95%CI=35.557-62.063)and the pooled successful healing rate was 68.8%(95%CI=45.9-88.1%).A total of 1686 patients were included,265(15.7%)of whom experienced complications.The most common complication was dehiscence(n=53,3.14%).Conclusions:Our systematic review is the first to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of external tissue expansion in the management of soft tissue defects.However,we must interpret the meta-analysis results with caution considering the limitations of this review.Large-scale randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up studies are still needed to confirm the effectiveness and evaluate the quality of healing.

Consecutive flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar with improved donor site closure

Objective：To explore a surgical model of utilizing consecutive free scapular flap and adjacent pedicled flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects on the dorsum of the hand while minimizing the donor site morbidity.Methods：Six patients with massive soft tissue injuries on the opisthenar and forearm were treated with free scapular flaps.Afterwards,a pedicled flap adjacent to the donor site was transferred to cover the donor site defect by direct closure.Results：All six free scapular flaps survived without signs of infection.Three adjacent pedicled flaps presented minor signs of insufficient blood flow on the distal apex,which resolved after six weeks with only conservative therapy.All the incisions healed without other complications.At six-month follow-up,the patients regained full shoulder function.Conclusion：With the assistance of an adjacent pedicled flap,the scapular flap is a highly applicable approach in repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar.It can achieve positive outcomes in both reconstructive and aesthetic aspects.

3种带蒂瓣修复牙龈瘤切除术后软组织缺损的临床疗效分析

目的分析冠向复位瓣术、侧向转位瓣术、双乳头瓣术修复牙龈瘤切除术后软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法临床收集23例牙龈瘤患者,术中切除牙龈瘤后,根据软组织缺损情况分别采用冠向复位瓣术、侧向转位瓣术、双乳头瓣术行软组织修复。术前及术后6个月测量牙龈指数(gingival index,GI)、角化龈宽度(keratinized gingival width,KGW)、牙龈退缩(gingival re⁃cession,GR)、龈乳头充填指数(papilla fill index,PFI),记录牙龈瘤切除术后形成的牙龈退缩类型及术后2周患者自主疼痛评分(visual analog scale,VAS),以评价3组修复方式的临床疗效。结果术后6个月3组患者牙龈瘤均无复发。与术前相比,采用3种带蒂瓣修复后GI、GR均显著改善(P<0.05);KGW均显著增加(P<0.05),其中侧向转位瓣组及双乳头瓣组术后KGW明显宽于冠向复位瓣组(P<0.05);冠向复位瓣组及侧向转位瓣组PFI较术前明显增加(P<0.05);其他指标差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论3种带蒂瓣修复软组织缺损均取得了良好的临床和美学效果,术后角化龈明显增宽,其中侧向转位瓣术及双乳头瓣术优于冠向复位瓣术。