Separation and Identification of Pathogens Causing Soft-shelled Turtle Fulminant Infectious Disease and Preparation of Anti-Aeromonas Serum

[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and identify the pathogens of soft-shelled turtle fulminant infectious disease,to provide the basis for the prevention and control of aquatic animal diseases.[Method] Commercially available sick soft-shelled turtles were used as experimental materials,to isolate and identify the causative pathogens;pathogenicity test and toxin determination of the isolates were carried out;in addition,hyperimmune serum was prepared and its therapeutic effect was detected.[Result] Nine bacteria were isolated from the livers of sick soft-shelled turtles,including seven Aeromonas sobria strains（JA-1） and two A.caviae strains（JA-2）.The median lethal dose（LD50） of JA-1 and JA-2 was 4.3×10^5/ml and 5.5×10^7/ml,respectively;the broth culture supernatant of the two bacteria contains a type of toxin with hemolytic activity,indicating that the soft-shelled turtle fulminant infectious disease is caused by A.sobria and A.caviae.Vaccine was prepared by using the two bacteria and rabbit immunization with immunopotentiator,showing a titer of 1：512 and a cure rate of 100%.[Conclusion] This study laid foundation for the prevention and control of aquatic animal diseases.

甲鱼暴发性传染病的病原分离及治疗试验

从１５例表现为“红底板”、“红脖子”、“烂甲”的患病甲鱼肝脏分离到９株无荚膜、无芽胞、革兰氏阴性、β溶血的短杆菌，经理化特性鉴定均为气单胞菌属（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ）嗜温有动力菌群，其中温和气单胞菌（Ａ．ｓｏｂｒｉａ）７株，豚鼠气单胞菌（Ａ．ｃａｖｉａｅ）２株。从Ａ．ｓｏｂｒｉａ和Ａ．ｃａｖｉａｅ各选一代表菌株（ＪＡ－１和ＪＡ－２）分别感染健康鲫鱼均引起发病和死亡，其ＬＤ５０分别为４．３×１０５、５．５×１０７，并回收到该２种菌。在该２种菌培养上清中存在１种具有溶血活性的毒素。以ＪＡ－１和ＪＡ－２为菌种制成混合菌苗，在应用由黄芪、有机锗制成的免疫增效剂后，再用混合菌苗免疫家兔，制得的多价高免血清（效价达１∶５１２）与庆大霉素、恩诺沙星进行了治疗对比试验。结果，高免血清治疗自然病甲鱼１０９只，全部治愈；庆大霉素、恩诺沙星分别治疗自然病甲鱼７２只和８４只，平均治愈率分别为８８％和８４％。

甲鱼爆发性传染病病原体分离及抗血清制备

从患病甲鱼的肝脏中分离到9株细菌,其中7株为温和气单胞菌,2株为豚鼠气单胞菌。两种菌JA—1和JA—2对鲫鱼的半数致死量(LD_(50))各为4.3×10~5和5.5×10~7,在两种菌培养的上清液中均有一种具有溶血活性的毒素。研究表明:甲鱼的爆发性传染病是由温和气单胞菌和豚鼠气单胞菌引起,用两种菌为菌种做成菌苗,结合免疫增效剂免疫家兔制得血清,效价可达1:512,治愈率达100％。