分位数回归模型在公共卫生领域中的应用及SAS实现

目的探讨分位数回归模型在公共卫生领域中应用及SAS实现,为该方法推广使用提供参考。方法在介绍分位数回归模型基本概念基础上,介绍了分位数回归模型应用情景与优势,并以血清克拉拉细胞蛋白水平和第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)变化数据为例,与简单线性回归模型相比,探讨分位数回归模型应用及SAS实现过程。结果分位数回归模型不仅可以分析血清克拉拉细胞蛋白水平对FEV1/FVC均值的影响,还可以分析血清克拉拉细胞蛋白水平对FEV1/FVC不同分位数的影响,得到更全面的信息,且通过统计软件SAS可方便实现。结论分位数回归模型可弥补简单线性回归模型仅关注应变量均值特征而不能分析其完整分布特征的不足,SAS软件提供了相对成熟的分析语句,值得推广。

Process Mining Discovery Techniques for Software Architecture Lightweight Evaluation Framework

This research recognizes the limitation and challenges of adaptingand applying Process Mining as a powerful tool and technique in theHypothetical Software Architecture (SA) Evaluation Framework with thefeatures and factors of lightweightness. Process mining deals with the largescalecomplexity of security and performance analysis, which are the goalsof SA evaluation frameworks. As a result of these conjectures, all ProcessMining researches in the realm of SA are thoroughly reviewed, and ninechallenges for Process Mining Adaption are recognized. Process mining isembedded in the framework and to boost the quality of the SA model forfurther analysis, the framework nominates architectural discovery algorithmsFlower, Alpha, Integer Linear Programming (ILP), Heuristic, and Inductiveand compares them vs. twelve quality criteria. Finally, the framework’s testingon three case studies approves the feasibility of applying process mining toarchitectural evaluation. The extraction of the SA model is also done by thebest model discovery algorithm, which is selected by intensive benchmarkingin this research. This research presents case studies of SA in service-oriented,Pipe and Filter, and component-based styles, modeled and simulated byHierarchical Colored Petri Net techniques based on the cases’ documentation.Processminingwithin this framework dealswith the system’s log files obtainedfrom SA simulation. Applying process mining is challenging, especially for aSA evaluation framework, as it has not been done yet. The research recognizesthe problems of process mining adaption to a hypothetical lightweightSA evaluation framework and addresses these problems during the solutiondevelopment.

不平衡样本下的SA-YOLO自适应损失目标检测算法

样本不平衡现象是指在数据集中以背景为主的易样本数量较大,而以前景为主的难样本数量过少,即样本存在类间不平衡与难易不平衡问题。现有目标检测算法大多是基于候选区域的两阶段算法或基于回归的单阶段算法,当应用于不平衡样本时无法避免训练中产生的预测框对大量样本过度依赖,从而导致模型过拟合且检测精度低,准确性、泛化性差。为了在不平衡样本下实现高效精准的目标检测,提出一种全新的SA-YOLO自适应损失目标检测算法。(1)针对样本不平衡问题,提出SA-Focal Loss函数,能够针对不同数据集与训练阶段对损失进行自适应调节,以达到平衡类间样本与难易样本的效果。(2)在多尺度特征预测机制下构造CSPDarknet53-SP网络架构,增强困难小目标样本全局特征的提取能力,达到提升难样本检测精度的效果。为验证SA-YOLO算法的性能,分别在样本不平衡数据集与COCO数据集上进行了大量仿真实验。结果表明:相较于现有YOLO系列算法最优指标值,SA-YOLO在不平衡数据集中mAP可达91.46%,提升10.87%,各类目标AP 50提升均在2%以上,有极强的专精性;在COCO数据集中mAP 50提升1.58%,各项指标均不低于最优值,有良好的有效性。

Software Architecture and Methodology as a Tool for Efficient Software Engineering Process: A Critical Appraisal

The foundation for any software system is its architecture. Software architecture is a view of the system that includes the system’s major components, the behaviour of those components as visible to the rest of the system, and the ways in which the components interact and coordinate to achieve the overall system’s goal. Every efficient software system arises as a result of sound architectural basement. This requires the use of good architecture engineering practices and methods. This paper recognizes software architecture practice as a discipline pervading all phases of software development and also presents an enhanced model for software engineering process which provides an avenue for speedy, efficient and timely delivery of software products to their intended users. The integration of software architecture into the phases of software development process in a generic software life cycle is also contained in this research report. This is to enable software engineers and system analysts to use effective software architecture practices and to employ appropriate methodology during the software engineering process.

ForSA — A New Software Defined Network Architecture Based on ForCES

In recent years, SDN(Software Defined Network) as a new network architecture has become the hot research point. Meanwhile,the well-known Open Flow-based SDN got a lot of attention. But it can't provide a flexible and effective network resource description method.As an open programmable technology, For CES(Forwarding and Control Element Separation)has also been concerned. However, For CES is confined within a single network node and cannot be applied to the entire network. This paper proposes a new architecture — ForS A(ForC ESbased SDN architecture). The architecture is added a configuration layer based on the traditional SDN architecture, which solves the problem that the northbound interface is not clear between the application layer and the control layer in the SDN architecture. ForS A also implements the compatibility within various forwarding devices in the forwarding layer.

预防医学本科生SAS软件教学改革探索与实践

结合大数据时代对公共卫生人才统计思维与实践能力的新要求以及SAS(Statistical Analysis System)软件课程的特点,针对既往教学过程中存在的问题,从教学内容安排、教学案例设计和教学考核评价等方面对SAS软件课程教学进行改革与实践。教学内容安排强调数据管理与统计分析并重,强化学生编程技术训练;采用案例教学法,以实际案例为牵引,发挥学生的主观能动性;采取多元化考核方式,增强教学评价的科学性。课程改革提升了学生理论与实践相结合的能力,对培育学生的统计思维和公共卫生职业素养具有积极的意义。

MSA-Lab:模型驱动的微服务集成设计平台

从单体系统迁移到微服务系统是当前业界对遗留系统实施再工程化的主流选项之一,基于单体遗留系统的微服务体系架构重构则是实现该迁移的关键步骤.目前学界多集中在微服务识别方法的研究上;业界虽有许多面向微服务架构的遗留系统重构的实践,但缺乏系统性的方法及高效鲁棒的工具.鉴于此,在微服务识别与模型驱动开发方法前期研究的基础上,研发一种模型驱动的、可用于单体遗留系统微服务化重构的集成设计平台MSA-Lab.它通过分析单体遗留系统运行日志中的方法调用序列,对其中的类和数据表进行类型识别和聚类以构造抽象微服务,同时生成包括微服务图和微服务序列图在内的系统架构设计模型.它包括用于微服务自动识别与设计模型自动生成的核心部件MSA-Generator,以及用于微服务静态结构模型与动态行为模型可视化展现、交互式建模、模型语法约束检验的核心部件MSA-Modeller.在MSA-Lab平台上,通过对4个开源项目实施有效性、鲁棒性、功能转换完备性等实验以及对3个同类型工具实施性能对比实验,结果表明:所提平台拥有很好的有效性、鲁棒性及实现面向日志的功能转换完备性,且性能更加优越.

基于Software Architecturer的可复用组件的集成开发

文章对几种不同的Software Architecture类型进行比较,阐述了它们对组件集成的影响;然后提出了支持接口连接式和插头插座式Software Architecture类型的组件集成组装机制。为进一步研究软件Software Architecture和基于软件Software Architecture的相关研究奠定了理论基础。

Domain-Oriented Software Defined Computing Architecture

With the introduction of software defined hardware by DARPA Electronics Resurgence Initiative,software definition will be the basic attribute of information system.Benefiting from boundary certainty and algorithm aggregation of domain applications,domain-oriented computing architecture has become the technical direction that considers the high flexibility and efficiency of information system.Aiming at the characteristics of data-intensive computing in different scenarios such as Internet of Things(IoT),big data,artificial intelligence(AI),this paper presents a domain-oriented software defined computing architecture,discusses the hierarchical interconnection structure,hybrid granularity computing element and its computational kernel extraction method,finally proves the flexibility and high efficiency of this architecture by experimental comparison.

3D Digital Design of Cranes' Structures Based on Hybrid Software Architecture

3D digital design for cranes’ structures based on hybrid software architecture of Client/Server and Browser/Server is introduced in this paper. Based on Pro/ENGINEER platform,3D parametric model family is built to allow generation of feasible configurations of cranes’ structures in Client/Server framework. Taking use of Visual C++,the second exploiting software kit provided by Pro/ENGINEER and ANSYS GUI/APDL modeling patterns,an integration method of 3D CAD and CAE is achieved,which includes regeneration of 3D parametric model,synchronous updating and analysis of FEA model. As in Browser/Server framework,the 3D CAD models of parts,components and the whole structure could also be displayed in the customer’s browser in VRML format.

基于SAS软件的地市级医院健康体检数据预处理方法探索

目的系统分析当前健康体检数据的数据特征,利用Excel和SAS软件宏过程实现数据预处理。方法利用某地市级三甲医院2017年10月至2020年12月健康体检数据平台中的健康体检数据,通过数据梳理总结当前体检数据的特征,制定相应的预处理规则,并基于Excel和SAS软件提出具体数据预处理方案、操作流程及宏代码。结果通过Excel和SAS软件进行了健康体检数据的批量列名转换,使其符合SAS软件变量名命名规则;实现了多个不同结构的数据集合并而不出现截断值,保证了数据库的完整性;通过删除缺失变量和观察、合并重复变量和识别重复观察等过程,最终结合人工识别完成了体检数据预处理,形成了可供研究者进一步使用的健康体检数据库。在处理过程中编写了SAS宏过程,实现了数据预处理代码模块化。结论通过Excel和SAS软件可以实现健康体检数据高效预处理、提高了数据质量、增加了数据可利用性,为数据库的利用和分析奠定基础,为健康体检数据的多中心研究应用的实现提供可能,具有一定的应用推广价值。

SA BASED SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT RELIABILITY ESTIMATION CONSIDERING COMPONENT DEPENDENCE

Reliability is one of the most critical properties of software system.System deployment architecture is the allocation of system software components on host nodes.Software Architecture(SA) based software deployment models help to analyze reliability of different deployments.Though many approaches for architecture-based reliability estimation exist,little work has incorporated the influence of system deployment and hardware resources into reliability estimation.There are many factors influencing system deployment.By translating the multi-dimension factors into degree matrix of component dependence,we provide the definition of component dependence and propose a method of calculating system reliability of deployments.Additionally,the parameters that influence the optimal deployment may change during system execution.The existing software deployment architecture may be ill-suited for the given environment,and the system needs to be redeployed to improve reliability.An approximate algorithm,A*_D,to increase system reliability is presented.When the number of components and host nodes is relative large,experimental results show that this algorithm can obtain better deployment than stochastic and greedy algorithms.

Analysis and design for architecture-based software

The technologies of software architecture are introduced, and the software analysis-and-design process is divided into requirement analysis, software architecture design and system design. Using these technologies, a model of architecture-centric software analysis and design process（ACSADP） is proposed. Meanwhile, with regard to the completeness, consistency and correctness between the software requirements and design results, the theories of function and process control are applied to ACSADP. Finally, a model of integrated development environnment （IDE） for ACSADP is propcsed. It can be demonstrated by the practice that the model of ACSADP can aid developer to manage software process effectively and improve the quality of software analysis and design.

Research on the Component-based Software Architecture

Computer software has been becoming more and more c om plex with the development of hardware. Thus, how to efficiently develop extensib le, maintainable and adaptable software occurs to be an urgent problem. The comp onent-based software development technique is a better method to solve the prob lem. In this paper, we first discuss the concept, description method and some fa miliar styles of software architecture, and then analyze the merits of using the software architecture to guide the software development. We also present a gene ral design method for component. Its applications are finally provided.

Estimation of Reliability and Cost Relationship for Architecture-based Software

In this paper, wc propose a new method to estimate the relationship between software reliability and software development cost taking into account the complexity for developing the software system and the size of software intended to develop during the implementation phase of the software development lifc cycle. On the basis of estimated relationship, a set of empirical data has been used to validate the correctness of the proposed model by comparing the result with the other existing models. The outcome of this work shows that the method proposed here is a relatively straightforward one in formulating the relationship between reliability and cost during implementation phase.

A distributed software architecture design framework based on attributed grammar

Software architectures shift the focus of developers from lines-of-code to coarser-grained architectural elements and their overall interconnection structure. There are, however, many features of the distributed software that make the developing methods of distributed software quite different from the traditional ways. Furthermore, the traditional centralized ways with fixed interfaces cannot adapt to the flexible requirements of distributed software. In this paper, the attributed grammar (AG) is extended to refine the characters of distributed software, and a distributed software architecture description language (DSADL) based on attributed grammar is introduced, and then a model of integrated environment for software architecture design is proposed. It can be demonstrated by the practice that DSADL can help the programmers to analyze and design distributed software effectively, so the efficiency of the development can be improved greatly.

Software architecture based software deployment reliability estimation considering architectural style

Software today often consists of a large number of components offering and requiring services. Such components should be deployed into embedded, pervasive environments, and several deployment architectures are typically possible. These deployment architectures can have significant impacts on system reliability. However, existing reliability estimation approaches are typically limited to certain classes or exclusively concentrate on software reliability, neglecting the influence of hardware resources, software deployment and architectural styles. The selection of an appropriate architectural style has a significant impact on system reliability of the target system. Therefore, we propose a novel software architecture （SA） based reliability estimation model incorporating software deployment and architectural style. On the basis of two architectural styles, we design influence factors and present a new approach to calculate system reliability. Experimental results show that influence factors provide an accurate and simple method of reflecting architectural styles and software deployment on system reliability. It is important for considering the influence of other architectural styles on system reliability in large scale deployment environment.

Process View of Reflection Mechanism for Reuse Software Architecture

Reflection mechanism for reuse software architecture （RMRSA） divides a software architecture into base-level architecture and meta-level architecture logically. Base-level architecture is the ordinary architecture; meta-level represents and manipulates the reusable meta-information of base-level architecture explicitly. Through reflection, the modification of meta-level architecture will result in the modification of the architecture in base-level. Then we can gain a new base-level architecture design. In this paper, we use π-calculus to define the constituents and their interaction processes of RMRSA, by these definition, we specify the business function in base-level at runtime, and illustrate the reflection mechanism between the base-level architecture and meta-level architecture.

A Case Study in Teaching Pipes-and-filters and Batch Sequential Software Architectures

In this paper,a case study is carried out in comparison of pipes-and-filters architecture and batch sequential architecture.Concepts on a data flow system and the two mentioned architectures are presented.A Java template class design in implementing the "pipes" and "filters" in the pipes-and-filters architecture is given at the design level.Finally,this paper uses a concrete example to show how to use Java to implement the pipesand-filters architecture.Using varied amount of data from text files,performance and memory usage of the two architectures are illustrated.

A metrics suite for coupling measurement of software architecture

To better evaluate the quality of software architecture,a metrics suite is proposed to measure the coupling of software architecture models,in which CBC is used to measure the coupling between components,CBCC is used to measure the coupling of transferring message between components,CBCCT is used to measure the coupling of software architecture,WCBCC is used to measure the coupling of transferring message with weight between components,and WCBCCT is used to measure the coupling of message transmission with weight in the whole software architecture. The proposed algorithm for the coupling metrics is applied to the design of serve software architecture. Analysis of an example validates the feasibility of this metrics suite.