（Dis）Economies of Scale in Business Software Systems Development and Enhancement Projects

In the software engineering literature, it is commonly believed that economies of scale do not occur in case of software Development and Enhancement Projects （D＆EP）. Their per-unit cost does not decrease but increase with the growth of such projects product size. Thus this is diseconomies of scale that occur in them. The significance of this phenomenon results from the fact that it is commonly considered to be one of the fundamental objective causes of their low effectiveness. This is of particular significance with regard to Business Software Systems （BSS） D＆EP characterized by exceptionally low effectiveness comparing to other software D＆EP. Thus the paper aims at answering the following two questions： （1） Do economies of scale really not occur in BSS D＆EP？ （2） If economies of scale may occur in BSS D＆EP, what factors are then promoting them？ These issues classify into economics problems of software engineering research and practice.

Software Coupling and Cohesion Model for Measuring the Quality of Software Components

Measuring software quality requires software engineers to understand the system’s quality attributes and their measurements.The quality attribute is a qualitative property;however,the quantitative feature is needed for software measurement,which is not considered during the development of most software systems.Many research studies have investigated different approaches for measuring software quality,but with no practical approaches to quantify and measure quality attributes.This paper proposes a software quality measurement model,based on a software interconnection model,to measure the quality of software components and the overall quality of the software system.Unlike most of the existing approaches,the proposed approach can be applied at the early stages of software development,to different architectural design models,and at different levels of system decomposition.This article introduces a software measurement model that uses a heuristic normalization of the software’s internal quality attributes,i.e.,coupling and cohesion,for software quality measurement.In this model,the quality of a software component is measured based on its internal strength and the coupling it exhibits with other component(s).The proposed model has been experimented with nine software engineering teams that have agreed to participate in the experiment during the development of their different software systems.The experiments have shown that coupling reduces the internal strength of the coupled components by the amount of coupling they exhibit,which degrades their quality and the overall quality of the software system.The introduced model can help in understanding the quality of software design.In addition,it identifies the locations in software design that exhibit unnecessary couplings that degrade the quality of the software systems,which can be eliminated.

The Research and Application of the Anti-Interference Techniques of Electronic Device in Power System

This paper presents the study and application of the electronic device anti-interference techniques underhigh voltage and/or heavy current electro-magnetic circumstance in power system.[

HOTCAP:a new software package for high-speed oscilloscopebased three-dimensional bunch charge and position measurement

A software package to be used in high-speed oscilloscope-basedthree-dimensionalbunch-by-bunch charge and position measurement is presented.The software package takes the pick-up electrode signal waveform recorded by the high-speed oscilloscope as input,and it calculates and outputs the bunch-by-bunch charge and position.In addition to enabling a three-dimensional observation of the motion of each passing bunch on all beam position monitor pick-up electrodes,it offers many additional features such as injection analysis,bunch response function reconstruction,and turn-by-turn beam analysis.The software package has an easy-to-understand graphical user interface and convenient interactive operation,which has been verified on the Windows 10 system.

Investigation on Relationship between Cost and Software Reliability

Based on the fact that the software development cost is an important factorto control the whole project, we discuss the relationship between the software development cost andsoftware reliability according to the empirieal data collected from the development process. Byevolutionary modeling we get an empirical model of the relationship between cost and softwarereliability, and validate the estimate results with the empirical data.

Component-based Control Software Design for Flexible Manufacturing System

A new method that designs and implements the component-based distributed & hierarchical flexible manufacturing control software is described with a component concept in this paper. The proposed method takes aim at improving the flexibility and reliability of the control system. On the basis of describing the concepts of component-based software and the distributed object technology, the architecture of the component-based software of the control system is suggested with the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). And then, we propose a design method for component-based distributed & hierarchical flexible manufacturing control system. Finally, to verify the software design method, a prototype flexible manufacturing control system software has been implemented in Orbix 2.3c, VC + + 6. 0 and has been tested in connection with the physical flexible manufacturing shop at the WuXi Professional Institute.

Singularity of Some Software Reliability Models and Parameter Estimation Method

According to the principle, “The failure data is the basis of software reliability analysis”, we built a software reliability expert system (SRES) by adopting the artificial intelligence technology. By reasoning out the conclusion from the fitting results of failure data of a software project, the SRES can recommend users “the most suitable model” as a software reliability measurement model. We believe that the SRES can overcome the inconsistency in applications of software reliability models well. We report investigation results of singularity and parameter estimation methods of experimental models in SRES.

Automatic Control System of Ion Electrostatic Accelerator and Anti-Interference Measures

An automatic control system for the electrostatic accelerator has been developed by adopting the PLC （Programmable Logic Controller） control technique, infrared and optical-fibre transmission technique and network communication with the purpose to improve the intelligence level of the accelerator and to enhance the ability of monitoring, collecting and recording parameters. In view of the control system＇ structure, some anti-interference measures have been adopted after analyzing the interference sources. The measures in hardware include controlling the position of the corona needle, using surge arresters, shielding, ground connection and stabilizing the voltage. The measures in terms of software involve inter-blocking protection, soft-spacing, time delay, and diagnostic and protective programs. The electromagnetic compatible ability of the control system has thus been effectively improved.

Development of an Automated LIBS Analytical Test System Integrated with Component Control and Spectrum Analysis Capabilities

The present paper proposes an automated Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy （LIBS） analytical test system, which consists of a LIBS measurement and control platform based on a modular design concept, and a LIBS qualitative spectrum analysis software and is developed in C#. The platform provides flexible interfacing and automated control; it is compatible with different manufacturer component models and is constructed in modularized form for easy ex- pandability. During peak identification, a more robust peak identification method with improved stability in peak identification has been achieved by applying additional smoothing on the slope obtained by calculation before peak identification. For the purpose of element identification, an improved main lines analysis method, which detects all elements on the spectral peak to avoid omission of certain elements without strong spectral lines, is applied to element identification in the tested LIBS samples. This method also increases the identification speed. In this paper, actual applications have been carried out. According to tests, the analytical test system is compatible with components of various models made by different manufacturers. It can automatically control components to get experimental data and conduct filtering, peak identification and qualitative analysis, etc. on spectral data.

Impact of Migrant Populations on Tuberculosis Rates in Saudi Arabia: Assessing How Migration Patterns Affect TB Incidence and Control Measures: A Narrative Review

This research focuses on the effects of migration on the TB infection rate and its prevention in Saudi Arabia, which has a large number of expatriates from TB-affected countries. Despite, based on the current global statistics of TB occurrence, it is evident that the national incidence of TB has reduced from 10.55 per 100,000 in 2015 to 8.36 per 100,000 in 2019;despite this, there are still some difficulties because migrants bring new strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hindrances, including language barriers and perceived immigration status, hinder patients from seeking medical attention or doctors from diagnosing diseases. Each patient and each cultural group need special attention to public health, enhancing living circumstances, and health care support. Community participation, inclusion of TB control programs into functional healthcare facilities, and the functioning of TB programs need to be stressed to address TB issues. Considering the focus on social, economic, and cultural approaches, the country can make severe advancements in TB control and population protection. This holistic analysis is critical for a long-term effective strategy to combat TB in the Kingdom.

Dynamic Coordination of Uncalibrated Hand/Eye Robotic System Based on Neural Network

A nonlinear visual mapping model is presented to replace the image Jacobian relation for uncalibrated hand/eye coordination. A new visual tracking controller based on artificial neural network is designed. Simulation results show that this method can drive the static tracking error to zero quickly and keep good robustness and adaptability at the same time. In addition, the algorithm is very easy to be implemented with low computational complexity.

A Hybrid Evaluation Framework of CMM and COBIT for Improving the Software Development Quality

It is essential to study quality of software production like others. Software productions have special properties. They are intangible. So, qualitative evaluation encountered with complexity. Hence, proposing a model in order to evaluate the quality of Software productions is considerable to most software managers and experts. In this paper, regarding to improve software productions quality, the process of software production has been determined, using CMM standard framework of maturity level. In CMM it does not present a method for measurement and evaluation maturity level, the presented process in CMM standard mapped by COBIT control objectives has been combined in the process of software productions development in developed hybrid framework. In this research, the processes have been mapped utilizing focus and established group, in parallel of software production in different maturity level of CMM mapped by COBIT framework. In order to show the capabilities of proposed framework, the hybrid evaluation model was employed in a software developing organization as a case study. According to the results of evaluation, improvements proceedings and action plans have been proposed and discussed to enhance the software production processes.

Software Development for Digital Control of WDW Series Testing Machine and Measurement of K_(IC)

Software has been developed for digital control of WDW series testing machine and the measurement of fracture toughness by modularized design. Development of the software makes use of multi-thread and serial communication techniques, which can accurately control the testing machine and measure the fracture toughness in real-time. Three-point bending specimens were used in the measurement. The software operates stably and reliably, expanding the function of WDW series testing machine.

Singularity of Software Reliability Models LVLM and LVQM

According to the principle, “The failure data is the basis of software reliabilityanalysis”, we built a software reliability expert system (SRES) by adopting the artificialtechnology. By reasoning out the conclusion from the fitting results of failure data of asoftware project, the SRES can recommend users “the most suitable model” as a softwarereliability measurement model. We believe that the SRES can overcome the inconsistency inapplications of software reliability models well. We report investigation results of singularity and parameter estimation methods of models, LVLM and LVQM.

A Novel Method for Assessing and Optimizing Software Project Process Based Risk Control

A new approach for assessing and optimizing software project process based on software risk control presented, which evaluates and optimizes software project process from the view of controlling the software project risks. A model for optimizing software risk control is given, a discrete optimization algorithm based on dynamic programruing is proposed and an example of using above method to solve a problem is also included in this paper. By improving the old passive post-project control into an active effective preaction, this new method can greatly promote the possibility of success of software projects.

Joint Resource Allocation and Admission Control Mechanism in Software Defined Mobile Networks

This paper presented a joint resource allocation(RA) and admission control(AC) mechanism in software defined mobile networks(SDMNs). In this mechanism, the joint RA and AC problem can be formulated as an optimization problem with the aim of maximizing the number of admitted users while simultaneously minimizing the number of allocated channels. Since the primal problem is modeled to be a mixed integer nonlinear problem(MINLP), we attain the suboptimal solutions to the primal MINLP by convex relaxation. Additionally, with the global information collected by the SDMNs controller, a centralized joint RA and AC(CJRA)algorithm is proposed by the Lagrange dual decomposition technique to obtain the global optimum. Meanwhile, we propose an OpenFlow rules placement strategy to realize CJRA in an efficient way. Moreover, a distributed algorithm is also developed to find the local optimum, showing a performance benchmark for the centralized one. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed centralized algorithm admits more users compared with the distributed.

A policy and technical measures for controlling soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau of China

Loess Plateau is the most serious region of soil and water loss in China and the world. The sediment carried into the Yellow River amounts to 1.6 billion tons every year. This paper reviews the factors and reasons for erosion in this area, and puts forward a comprehensive controlling policy on the basis of the principles of ecology and practise of Chinese scientists for 40 years. In conformity with the policy, a number of technical measures for controlling soil and water loss are suggested.

Finite element based design of software for integrated passive and active vibration control

Presents the design scheme developed for design of software for Integrated Passive and Active Vibration Control(IPAVC) and the coding of a prototyne system, and the selection of the famous finite element program MSC/NASTRAN as an important module of software to deal with large and complicated structures and systems with an example to demonstrate the prototype system.

Dynamics of super-quantum discord and direct control with weak measurement in open quantum system

Super-quantum discord（SQD） with weak measurement is regarded as a kind of quantum correlation in quantum information processing. We compare and analyze the dynamical evolutions of SQD, quantum discord（QD）, and quantum entanglement（QE） between two qubits in the correlated dephasing environmental model. The results indicate that（i） owing to the much smaller influence of weak measurement on the coherence of the system than that of von Neumann projection measurement, SQD with weak measurement is larger than QD, and（ii） dynamical evolution of QD or QE monotonically goes to zero with time, while SQD monotonically tends to a stable value and a freezing phenomenon occurs. The stable value after freezing mainly depends on the measurement strength and the purity of the initial quantum state.