In this paper, we investigate empirically the relationship between object-oriented design metrics and testability of classes. We address testability from the point of view of unit testing effort. We collected data fro...In this paper, we investigate empirically the relationship between object-oriented design metrics and testability of classes. We address testability from the point of view of unit testing effort. We collected data from three open source Java software systems for which JUnit test cases exist. To capture the testing effort of classes, we used metrics to quantify the corresponding JUnit test cases. Classes were classified, according to the required unit testing effort, in two categories: high and low. In order to evaluate the relationship between object-oriented design metrics and unit testing effort of classes, we used logistic regression methods. We used the univariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the individual effect of each metric on the unit testing effort of classes. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the combined effect of the metrics. The performance of the prediction models was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. The results indicate that: 1) complexity, size, cohesion and (to some extent) coupling were found significant predictors of the unit testing effort of classes and 2) multivariate regression models based on object-oriented design metrics are able to accurately predict the unit testing effort of classes.展开更多
Auctions are important market mechanisms for the allocation of goods and services. Combinatorial auctions are those auctions in which buyers can place bids on combinations of items. Combinatorial auctions have many ap...Auctions are important market mechanisms for the allocation of goods and services. Combinatorial auctions are those auctions in which buyers can place bids on combinations of items. Combinatorial auctions have many applications. The paper presents the CRAB software system. CRAB is a non-commercial software system for generating, solving, and testing of combinatorial auction problems. The system solves problems by Balas’ method or by the primal-dual algo-rithm. CRAB is implemented in Ruby and it is distributed as the file crab.rb. The system is freely available on web pag-es for all interested展开更多
该文利用软件组件间信息流的传递过程,提出了基于风险分析的回归测试用例优先级排序算法(Risk Analysis-based Test Case Prioritization,RA-TCP).该算法针对现有的优先级排序技术未能有效利用测试用例所覆盖信息的问题,在类粒度下将软...该文利用软件组件间信息流的传递过程,提出了基于风险分析的回归测试用例优先级排序算法(Risk Analysis-based Test Case Prioritization,RA-TCP).该算法针对现有的优先级排序技术未能有效利用测试用例所覆盖信息的问题,在类粒度下将软件抽象为基于信息流的类级有向网络模型,然后将每个测试用例所覆盖的类间信息传递关系用一组杠铃模型表示,结合概率风险评估方法和故障树理论计算杠铃模型的风险值,最后以测试用例所覆盖的杠铃风险总和作为其排序依据.实验结果表明,风险越高的测试用例覆盖错误的可能性越大,RA-TCP算法提高了具有严重风险的错误发现速率,与7种排序算法对比,RA-TCP算法具有较高的错误检出率及较好的稳定性.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we investigate empirically the relationship between object-oriented design metrics and testability of classes. We address testability from the point of view of unit testing effort. We collected data from three open source Java software systems for which JUnit test cases exist. To capture the testing effort of classes, we used metrics to quantify the corresponding JUnit test cases. Classes were classified, according to the required unit testing effort, in two categories: high and low. In order to evaluate the relationship between object-oriented design metrics and unit testing effort of classes, we used logistic regression methods. We used the univariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the individual effect of each metric on the unit testing effort of classes. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the combined effect of the metrics. The performance of the prediction models was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. The results indicate that: 1) complexity, size, cohesion and (to some extent) coupling were found significant predictors of the unit testing effort of classes and 2) multivariate regression models based on object-oriented design metrics are able to accurately predict the unit testing effort of classes.
基金supported by Grants No.402/07/0166No.P402/10/0197 from the Grant Agency of Czech Republic.
文摘Auctions are important market mechanisms for the allocation of goods and services. Combinatorial auctions are those auctions in which buyers can place bids on combinations of items. Combinatorial auctions have many applications. The paper presents the CRAB software system. CRAB is a non-commercial software system for generating, solving, and testing of combinatorial auction problems. The system solves problems by Balas’ method or by the primal-dual algo-rithm. CRAB is implemented in Ruby and it is distributed as the file crab.rb. The system is freely available on web pag-es for all interested
文摘该文利用软件组件间信息流的传递过程,提出了基于风险分析的回归测试用例优先级排序算法(Risk Analysis-based Test Case Prioritization,RA-TCP).该算法针对现有的优先级排序技术未能有效利用测试用例所覆盖信息的问题,在类粒度下将软件抽象为基于信息流的类级有向网络模型,然后将每个测试用例所覆盖的类间信息传递关系用一组杠铃模型表示,结合概率风险评估方法和故障树理论计算杠铃模型的风险值,最后以测试用例所覆盖的杠铃风险总和作为其排序依据.实验结果表明,风险越高的测试用例覆盖错误的可能性越大,RA-TCP算法提高了具有严重风险的错误发现速率,与7种排序算法对比,RA-TCP算法具有较高的错误检出率及较好的稳定性.
