Application of GNSS-PPP on Dynamic Deformation Monitoring of Offshore Platforms

The real-time dynamic deformation monitoring of offshore platforms under environmental excitation is crucial to their safe operation.Although Global Navigation Satellite System-Precise Point Positioning(GNSS-PPP)has been considered for this purpose,its monitoring accuracy is relatively low.Moreover,the influence of background noise on the dynamic monitoring accuracy of GNSS-PPP remains unclear.Hence,it is imperative to further validate the feasibility of GNSS-PPP for deformation monitoring of offshore platforms.To address these concerns,vibration table tests with different amplitudes and frequencies are conducted.The results demonstrate that GNSS-PPP can effectively monitor horizontal vibration displacement as low as±30 mm,which is consistent with GNSS-RTK.Furthermore,the spectral characteristic of background noise in GNSS-PPP is similar to that of GNSS-RTK(Real Time Kinematic).Building on this observation,an improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN)has been proposed to de-noise the data and enhance the dynamic monitoring accuracy of GNSS-PPP.Field monitoring application research is also undertaken,successfully extracting and analyzing the dynamic deformation of an offshore platform structure under environmental excitation using GNSS-PPP monitoring in conjunction with improved CEEMDAN de-noising.By comparing the de-noised dynamic deformation trajectories of the offshore platform during different periods,it is observed that the platform exhibits reversible alternating vibration responses under environmental excitation,with more pronounced displacement deformation in the direction of load action.The research results confirm the feasibility and potential of GNSS-PPP for dynamic deformation monitoring of offshore platforms.

Sea Turtle Foraging Optimization-Based Controller Placement with Blockchain-Assisted Intrusion Detection in Software-Defined Networks

Software-defined networking(SDN)algorithms are gaining increas-ing interest and are making networks flexible and agile.The basic idea of SDN is to move the control planes to more than one server’s named controllers and limit the data planes to numerous sending network components,enabling flexible and dynamic network management.A distinctive characteristic of SDN is that it can logically centralize the control plane by utilizing many physical controllers.The deployment of the controller—that is,the controller placement problem(CPP)—becomes a vital model challenge.Through the advancements of blockchain technology,data integrity between nodes can be enhanced with no requirement for a trusted third party.Using the lat-est developments in blockchain technology,this article designs a novel sea turtle foraging optimization algorithm for the controller placement problem(STFOA-CPP)with blockchain-based intrusion detection in an SDN environ-ment.The major intention of the STFOA-CPP technique is the maximization of lifetime,network connectivity,and load balancing with the minimization of latency.In addition,the STFOA-CPP technique is based on the sea turtles’food-searching characteristics of tracking the odour path of dimethyl sulphide(DMS)released from food sources.Moreover,the presented STFOA-CPP technique can adapt with the controller’s count mandated and the shift to controller mapping to variable network traffic.Finally,the blockchain can inspect the data integrity,determine significantly malicious input,and improve the robust nature of developing a trust relationship between sev-eral nodes in the SDN.To demonstrate the improved performance of the STFOA-CPP algorithm,a wide-ranging experimental analysis was carried out.The extensive comparison study highlighted the improved outcomes of the STFOA-CPP technique over other recent approaches.

Performance Evaluation of Topologies for Multi-Domain Software-Defined Networking

Software-defined networking(SDN)is widely used in multiple types of data center networks,and these distributed data center networks can be integrated into a multi-domain SDN by utilizing multiple controllers.However,the network topology of each control domain of SDN will affect the performance of the multidomain network,so performance evaluation is required before the deployment of the multi-domain SDN.Besides,there is a high cost to build real multi-domain SDN networks with different topologies,so it is necessary to use simulation testing methods to evaluate the topological performance of the multi-domain SDN network.As there is a lack of existing methods to construct a multi-domain SDN simulation network for the tool to evaluate the topological performance automatically,this paper proposes an automated multi-domain SDN topology performance evaluation framework,which supports multiple types of SDN network topologies in cooperating to construct a multi-domain SDN network.The framework integrates existing single-domain SDN simulation tools with network performance testing tools to realize automated performance evaluation of multidomain SDN network topologies.We designed and implemented a Mininet-based simulation tool that can connect multiple controllers and run user-specified topologies in multiple SDN control domains to build and test multi-domain SDN networks faster.Then,we used the tool to perform performance tests on various data center network topologies in single-domain and multi-domain SDN simulation environments.Test results show that Space Shuffle has the most stable performance in a single-domain environment,and Fat-tree has the best performance in a multi-domain environment.Also,this tool has the characteristics of simplicity and stability,which can meet the needs of multi-domain SDN topology performance evaluation.

Multi-Attack Intrusion Detection System for Software-Defined Internet of Things Network

Currently,the Internet of Things(IoT)is revolutionizing communi-cation technology by facilitating the sharing of information between different physical devices connected to a network.To improve control,customization,flexibility,and reduce network maintenance costs,a new Software-Defined Network(SDN)technology must be used in this infrastructure.Despite the various advantages of combining SDN and IoT,this environment is more vulnerable to various attacks due to the centralization of control.Most methods to ensure IoT security are designed to detect Distributed Denial-of-Service(DDoS)attacks,but they often lack mechanisms to mitigate their severity.This paper proposes a Multi-Attack Intrusion Detection System(MAIDS)for Software-Defined IoT Networks(SDN-IoT).The proposed scheme uses two machine-learning algorithms to improve detection efficiency and provide a mechanism to prevent false alarms.First,a comparative analysis of the most commonly used machine-learning algorithms to secure the SDN was performed on two datasets:the Network Security Laboratory Knowledge Discovery in Databases(NSL-KDD)and the Canadian Institute for Cyberse-curity Intrusion Detection Systems(CICIDS2017),to select the most suitable algorithms for the proposed scheme and for securing SDN-IoT systems.The algorithms evaluated include Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN),Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machine(SVM),and Logistic Regression(LR).Second,an algorithm for selecting the best dataset for machine learning in Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)was developed to enable effective comparison between the datasets used in the development of the security scheme.The results showed that XGBoost and RF are the best algorithms to ensure the security of SDN-IoT and to be applied in the proposed security system,with average accuracies of 99.88%and 99.89%,respectively.Furthermore,the proposed security scheme reduced the false alarm rate by 33.23%,which is a significant improvement over prevalent schemes.Finally,tests of the algorithm for dataset selection showed that the rates of false positives and false negatives were reduced when the XGBoost and RF algorithms were trained on the CICIDS2017 dataset,making it the best for IDS compared to the NSL-KDD dataset.

Toward Secure Software-Defined Networks Using Machine Learning: A Review, Research Challenges, and Future Directions

Over the past few years,rapid advancements in the internet and communication technologies have led to increasingly intricate and diverse networking systems.As a result,greater intelligence is necessary to effectively manage,optimize,and maintain these systems.Due to their distributed nature,machine learning models are challenging to deploy in traditional networks.However,Software-Defined Networking(SDN)presents an opportunity to integrate intelligence into networks by offering a programmable architecture that separates data and control planes.SDN provides a centralized network view and allows for dynamic updates of flow rules and softwarebased traffic analysis.While the programmable nature of SDN makes it easier to deploy machine learning techniques,the centralized control logic also makes it vulnerable to cyberattacks.To address these issues,recent research has focused on developing powerful machine-learning methods for detecting and mitigating attacks in SDN environments.This paper highlighted the countermeasures for cyberattacks on SDN and how current machine learningbased solutions can overcome these emerging issues.We also discuss the pros and cons of using machine learning algorithms for detecting and mitigating these attacks.Finally,we highlighted research issues,gaps,and challenges in developing machine learning-based solutions to secure the SDN controller,to help the research and network community to develop more robust and reliable solutions.

Dynamic Analysis of a 10 MW Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Considering the Tower and Platform Flexibility

Recently,semisubmersible floating offshore wind turbine technologies have received considerable attention.For the coupled simulation of semisubmersible floating offshore wind energy,the platform is usually considered a rigid model,which could affect the calculation accuracy of the dynamic responses.The dynamic responses of a TripleSpar floating offshore wind turbine equipped with a 10 MW offshore wind turbine are discussed herein.The simulation of a floating offshore wind turbine under regular waves,white noise waves,and combined wind-wave conditions is conducted.The effects of the tower and platform flexibility on the motion and force responses of the TripleSpar semisubmersible floating offshore wind turbine are investigated.The results show that the flexibility of the tower and platform can influence the dynamic responses of a TripleSpar semisubmersible floating offshore wind turbine.Considering the flexibility of the tower and platform,the tower and platform pitch motions markedly increased compared with the fully rigid model.Moreover,the force responses,particularly for tower base loads,are considerably influenced by the flexibility of the tower and platform.Thus,the flexibility of the tower and platform for the coupled simulation of floating offshore wind turbines must be appropriately examined.

Renewable Biomass as a Platform for Preparing Green Chemistry

1 About the Special Issue Editor Qiaoguang Li is an associate professor and master’s supervisor in the Department of College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering.He received his PhD from Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products,Chinese Academy of Forestry in 2018.He has been focusing his research on the chemical basis and application of natural resources.He has published nearly 30 international peer reviewed papers and applied for 10 patents.

Dynamic Coupling Analysis of Semisubmersible Platform Float-over Method for Docking Case

In this paper,the multi-body coupled dynamic characteristics of a semisubmersible platform and an HYSY 229 barge were investigated.First,coupled hydrodynamic analysis of the HYSY 229 barge and the semisubmersible platform was performed.Relevant hydrodynamic parameters were obtained using the retardation function method of three-dimensional frequency-domain potential flow theory.The results of the hydrodynamic analysis were highly consistent with the test findings,verifying the accuracy of the multifloating hydrodynamic coupling analysis,and key hydrodynamic parameters were solved for different water depths and the coupling effect.According to the obtained results,the hydrodynamic influence was the largest in shallow waters when the coupling effect was considered.Furthermore,the coupled motion equation combined with viscous damping,fender system,and mooring system was established,and the hydrodynamics,floating body motion,and dynamic response of the fender system were analyzed.Motion analysis revealed good agreement among the surge,sway,and yaw motions of the two floating bodies.However,when the wave period reached 10 s,the motion of the two floating bodies showed severe shock,and a relative motion was also observed.Therefore,excessive constraints should be added between the two floating bodies during construction to ensure construction safety.The numerical analysis and model test results of the semisubmersible platform and HYSY 229 barge at a water depth of 42 m and sea conditions of 0°,45°,and 90° were in good agreement,and the error was less than 5%.The maximum movement of the HYSY 229 barge reached 2.61 m in the sway direction,whereas that of the semisubmersible platform was 2.11 m.During construction,excessive constraints should be added between the two floating bodies to limit their relative movement and ensure construction safety.

A Coordinate-Free Approach to the Design of Generalized Griffis-Duffy Platforms

Architectural singularity belongs to the Type II singularity,in which a parallel manipulator(PM)gains one or more degrees of freedom and becomes uncontrollable.PMs remaining permanently in a singularity are beneficial for linearto-rotary motion conversion.Griffis-Duffy(GD)platform is a mobile structure admitting a Bricard motion.In this paper,we present a coordinate-free approach to the design of generalized GD platforms,which consists in determining the shape and attachment of both the moving platform and the fixed base.The generalized GD platform is treated as a combination of six coaxial single-loop mechanisms under the same constraints.Owing to the inversion,hidden in the geometric structure of these single-loop mechanisms,the mapping from a line to a circle establishes the geometric transformation between the fixed base and the moving platform based on the center of inversion,and describes the shape and attachment of the generalized GD platform.Moreover,the center of inversion not only identifies the location of rotation axis,but also affects the shape of the platform mechanism.A graphical construction of generalized GD platforms using inversion,proposed in the paper,provides geometrically feasible solutions of the manipulator design for the requirement of the location of rotation axis.

Experimental Study on Towing Characteristics of Composite Bucket Wellhead Platform

With the rapid development of large-scale development of marginal oilfields in China,simple wellhead platforms that are simple in structure and easy to install have become an inevitable choice in the process of oilfield development.However,traditional simple wellhead platforms are often discarded after a single use.In pursuit of a more costeffective approach to developing marginal oilfields,this paper proposes a new offshore oil field development facility—an integrated bucket foundation for wellhead platform.To verify the safety of its towing behavior and obtain the dynamic response characteristics of the structure,this paper takes a bucket integrated bucket foundation for wellhead platform with a diameter of 40 m as the research object.By combining physical model tests and numerical simulations,it analyzes the static stability and dynamic response characteristics of the structure during towing,complete with the effects of the draft,wave height,wave period,and towing point height,which produce the dynamic responses of the structure under different influence factors,such as roll angle,pitch angle,heave acceleration and towing force as well as the sensibility to transport variables.The results show that the integrated bucket foundation for wellhead platform is capable of self-floating towing,and its movement is affected by the local environment,which will provide a reference for actual projects.

Quantum circuit-based proxy blind signatures:A novel approach and experimental evaluation on the IBM quantum cloud platform

This paper presents a novel approach to proxy blind signatures in the realm of quantum circuits,aiming to enhance security while safeguarding sensitive information.The main objective of this research is to introduce a quantum proxy blind signature(QPBS)protocol that utilizes quantum logical gates and quantum measurement techniques.The QPBS protocol is constructed by the initial phase,proximal blinding message phase,remote authorization and signature phase,remote validation,and de-blinding phase.This innovative design ensures a secure mechanism for signing documents without revealing the content to the proxy signer,providing practical security authentication in a quantum environment under the assumption that the CNOT gates are securely implemented.Unlike existing approaches,our proposed QPBS protocol eliminates the need for quantum entanglement preparation,thus simplifying the implementation process.To assess the effectiveness and robustness of the QPBS protocol,we conduct comprehensive simulation studies in both ideal and noisy quantum environments on the IBM quantum cloud platform.The results demonstrate the superior performance of the QPBS algorithm,highlighting its resilience against repudiation and forgeability,which are key security concerns in the realm of proxy blind signatures.Furthermore,we have established authentic security thresholds(82.102%)in the presence of real noise,thereby emphasizing the practicality of our proposed solution.

Research on the Legal Framework of Content Regulations for Network Platforms

In the era of the Internet,various network platforms have evolved into new hubs for information dissemination.Currently,China has established a platform-centered content regulation framework,wherein platforms proactively enforce content regulations in accordance with legal censorship obligations.Additionally,platform policies and user agreements augment their authority in content regulation.The platforms can achieve cost-effective and highly efficient content regulation by leveraging their strategic advantages enabled by their own technical capabilities and extensive coverage.The platform self-regulation model,however,still faces challenges.First,accurately evaluating content remains a formidable task;second,ensuring effective platform publicity through self-regulation poses difficulties;third,users may potentially face disadvantages due to the platform’s right of self-regulation;and fourth,digital copyright owners face challenges when defending digital copyright disputes under the safe harbor rule.Therefore,it is imperative to establish,review,and revise the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms in order to enhance the efficiency of their governance systems.The formulation of the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms may encompass the following aspects:rationalizing obligations pertaining to platform content regulations,enhancing supervision over platform self-regulation,and establishing a dual-track responsibility system for digital copyright content regulation.This will ensure a harmonious balance among public interests,users’personal rights and interests,and commercial benefits through regulating the content on network platforms.

Simulation of wave scattering over a floating platform in the ocean with a coupled CFD-IBM model

A numerical study of linear wave scattering over a floating platform has been simulated by an efficient numericalmodel in this letter.The non-hydrostatic model is used to simulate the free surface and the uneven bottom.For thesolid body modelling,the immersed boundary method(IBM)is implemented by introducing a virtual boundaryforce into the momentum equations to emulate the boundary conditions.This implementation enhances theability of the model to simulate interactions between waves and floating structures.A numerical case involvingwave interactions with a floating platform is studied to validate the numerical model.By simulating the wavepropagation,the numerical model captures the variation of the wave scattering very well,which verifies theperformance of the numerical model and the robust strategy of the IBM.

Application of Time-Tracking Platform in the Reperfusion Treatment of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke in Primary Hospitals

Objective To explore the application effect of time tracking platform in improving the reperfusion treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke in primary hospitals. Methods and Results Patients with acute ischemic stroke who carried out emergency intravenous thrombolysis and arterial thrombectomy in our hospital in 2021, 2022 and 2023 were selected. The time tracking mode was implemented, and the patients were recorded at each time node of the hospital and the whole-process digital management was conducted. Compared the mean DNT (Door to Needle Time) of intravenous thrombolysis in emergency stroke patients in 2021, 2022 and 2023, the total number of hospital cases within 4.5 h of onset, the total number of thrombolysis cases within 4.5 h of onset, the number of intravenous thrombolysis in 60 minutes of acute ischemic stroke, and the number of thrombolysis cases. The results show that from 2021 to 2023 our emergency stroke patients with intravenous thrombolysis average DNT shortened year by year, to the hospital within 4.5 h after the onset of the difference is statistically significant (all P < 0.05) conclusion through the application of stroke time tracking platform, is beneficial to shorten the treatment time of each link, can effectively reduce the hospital time delay, improve the rate of thrombolysis, improve the reperfusion of stroke centers in primary hospitals.

Performance of composite foundations with different load transfer platforms and substratum stiffness over silty clay

The semi-rigid pile-supported composite foundation is widely used in highway projects due to its effectiveness in increasing the bearing capacity and stability of foundations.It is crucial to understand the stress distribution across the embankment width and the behaviour of unreinforced foundations.Thus,five centrifuge tests were conducted to examine the bearing and deformation behaviours of NPRS(Non-Connected Piled Raft Systems)and GRPS(GeosyntheticReinforced Pile-Supported systems)with varying substratum stiffness,then a comparative analysis was conducted on embankment settlement,pressures underneath the embankments,and axial forces along the piles.The results indicated that greater substratum stiffness correlates with reduced settlement and deformation at various depths.Deformation occurring 5 meters from the embankment toe includes settlement in NPRS and upward movement in GRPS.The potential sliding surface is primarily located within the embankment in NPRS,whereas it may extend through both the embankment and foundation in GRPS.The pile-soil stress ratio and efficiency in NPRS are higher than in GRPS across the embankment.The axial force borne by end-bearing piles is significantly greater than that by floating piles.As the buried depth increases,the axial force in GRPS initially rises then declines,whereas in NPRS,it remains relatively constant within a certain range before decreasing.This study aids in assessing the applicability of composite foundations in complex railway environments and provides a reference for procedural measures under similar conditions.

Predicting Purchasing Behavior on E-Commerce Platforms: A Regression Model Approach for Understanding User Features that Lead to Purchasing

This research introduces a novel approach to improve and optimize the predictive capacity of consumer purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms. This study presented an introduction to the fundamental concepts of the logistic regression algorithm. In addition, it analyzed user data obtained from an e-commerce platform. The original data were preprocessed, and a consumer purchase prediction model was developed for the e-commerce platform using the logistic regression method. The comparison study used the classic random forest approach, further enhanced by including the K-fold cross-validation method. Evaluation of the accuracy of the model’s classification was conducted using performance indicators that included the accuracy rate, the precision rate, the recall rate, and the F1 score. A visual examination determined the significance of the findings. The findings suggest that employing the logistic regression algorithm to forecast customer purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms can improve the efficacy of the approach and yield more accurate predictions. This study serves as a valuable resource for improving the precision of forecasting customers’ purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms. It has significant practical implications for optimizing the operational efficiency of e-commerce platforms.

Research on the Audio Publishing of Classical Books Based on the Theory of Business Model Canvas: Taking Romance of the Three Kingdoms in Digital Audio Platforms as an Example

Visual media have dominated sensory communications for decades,and the resulting“visual hegemony”leads to the call for the“auditory return”in order to achieve a holistic balance in cultural acceptance.Romance of the Three Kingdoms,a classic literary work in China,has received significant attention and promotion from leading audio platforms.However,the commercialization of digital audio publishing faces unprecedented challenges due to the mismatch between the dissemination of long-form content on digital audio platforms and the current trend of short and fast information reception.Drawing on the Business Model Canvas Theory and taking Romance of the Three Kingdoms as the main focus of analysis,this paper argues that the construction of a business model for the audio publishing of classical books should start from three aspects:the user evaluation of digital audio platforms,the establishment of value propositions based on the“creative transformation and innovative development”principle,and the improvement of the audio publishing infrastructure to ensure the healthy operation and development of the digital audio platforms and consequently improve their current state of development and expand the boundaries of cultural heritage.

Transforming Digital Experiences: The Evolution of Digital Experience Platforms (DXPs) from Monoliths to Microservices: A Practical Guide

The research aims to explore the transition from monolithic Digital Experience Platforms (DXPs) to Microservices-based DXPs, addressing scalability challenges. The study systematically decomposes monolithic structures into Microservices, emphasizing business capability and subdomain decomposition. Concrete insights, challenges, and solutions encountered during this transformation process are presented. The research contributes valuable insights into the challenges and benefits of adopting Microservices in DXPs. Results highlight the importance of architectural patterns and strategic scaling dimensions for improved performance and scalability. The case study on Backbase’s Engagement Banking Platform showcases successful implementation, providing flexibility, integration, and efficient development in the evolving DXP landscape.

Application Effect of WeChat Platform Continuity of Care Model Based on KAP Theory on Self-Management of Stroke Patients with Hypertension

Objective: To explore the impact of the WeChat platform continuity of care model based on the KAP (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) theory on the self-management of stroke patients with hypertension after discharge from the hospital. Methods: 62 stroke patients with hypertension discharged from the rehabilitation department of a tertiary A hospital in Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from October 2022 to April 2023 were sampled by convenience sampling method. Patients discharged from Rehabilitation I were included in the control group, and conventional nursing care was used;while patients discharged from Rehabilitation II were included in the observation group, and WeChat platform continuity of nursing care model based on the KAP theory was implemented. The intervention effect of the two groups was compared. Results: After 4 and 12 weeks of intervention, the diastolic and systolic blood pressure of the patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05);after 12 weeks of intervention, the rate of medication adherence and the score of adherence to hypertension treatment in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of the WeChat platform continuity of care model based on KAP theory to stroke patients with hypertension can improve blood pressure, medication adherence rate, hypertension treatment adherence, and overall enhance the self-management level of these patients.

Research on the Design and Application of Virtual and Real Integrated Training Platform Based on Intelligent Manufacturing

In this paper,we built a robot training platform using virtual simulation software,and the robot assembly,handling,and palletizing were realized.The workstation includes an industrial robot,gas control unit,track function module,assembly function module,palletizing function module,vision module,etc.,and robot movement is achieved through language programming.The platform provides conditions for the practical ability training of application-oriented talents.