Comparative study on active soil organic matter in Chinese fir plantation and native broad-leaved forest in subtropical China

Active soil organic matter (ASOM) has a main effect on biochemical cycles of soil nutrient elements such as N, P and S, and the quality and quantity of ASOM reflect soil primary productivity. The changes of ASOM fractions and soil nutrients in the first rotation site and the second rotation site of Chinese fir plantation and the native broad-leaved forest were investigated and analyzed by soil sampling at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forestry Ecology (at latitude 26°48′N and longitude 109°30′E under a subtropical climate conditions), Chinese Academy of Sciences in March, 2004. The results showed that values of ASOM fractions for the Chinese fir plantations were lower than those for the broad-leaved forest. The contents of easily oxidisable carbon (EOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) for the first rotation of Chinese fir plantation were 35.9%, 13.7%, 87.8% and 50.9% higher than those for the second rotation of Chinese fir plantation, and were 15.8%, 47.3%, 38.1% and 30.2% separately lower than those for the broad-leaved forest. For the three investigated forest sites, the contents of MBC and WSOC had a larger decrease, followed by WSC, and the change of EOC was least. Moreover, soil physico-chemistry properties such as soil nutrients in Chinese fir plantation were lower than those in broad-leaved forest. It suggested that soil fertility declined after Chinese fir plantation replaced native broad-leaved forest through continuous artificial plantation.

Deadwood affects the soil organic matter fractions and enzyme activity of soils in altitude gradient of temperate forests

The main objective of our study has been to determine the role of deadwood in the shaping of the amount of soil organic matter fractions in mountain forest soils.For this purpose,a climosequence approach comprising north(N)and south(S)exposure along the altitudinal gradient(600,800,1000 and 1200 m a.s.l.)was set up.By comparing the properties of decomposing deadwood and those of the soils located directly beneath the decaying wood we drew conclusions about the role of deadwood in the shaping of soil organic matter fractions and soil carbon storage in different climate conditions.The basic properties,enzymatic activity and fractions of soil organic matter(SOM)were determined in deadwood and affected directly by the components released from decaying wood.Heavily decomposed deadwood impacts soil organic matter stabilization more strongly than the less decayed deadwood and the light fraction of SOM is more sensitive to deadwood effects than the heavy fraction regardless of the location in the altitude gradient.Increase in SOM mineral-associated fraction C content is more pronounced in soils under the influence of deadwood located in lower locations of warmer exposure.Nutrients released from decaying wood stimulate the enzymatic activity of soils that are within the range of deadwood influence.

Variation in soil organic matter accumulation and metabolic activity along an elevation gradient in the Santa Rosa Mountains of Southern California, USA

Variations in soil organic matter accumulation across an elevation can be used to explain the control of substrate supply and variability on soil metabolic activity. We investigated geographic changes in soil organic matter and metabolic rates along an elevation gradient（289–2,489 m） in the Santa Rosa Mountains, California, USA from subalpine and montane pine forests through chaparral to desert. From base（289 m） to summit（2,489 m）, 24 sites were established for collecting soil samples under canopies and inter-canopy spaces, at 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depths increments. Soil organic matter（SOM） content was determined using weight loss on ignition at 550°C and soil CO2 efflux（R） was measured at day 5（R5） and day 20（R20） of incubation. Changes in SOM content along the elevation gradient showed a significant relationship（P〈0.05） but R5 and R20 were not related to either elevation or SOM content. However, the ratio of R and SOM（R5/SOM） showed a strong relationship across the mountains at both soil depths. R5/SOM, as an indicator of carbon use efficiency, may be applicable to other semi-arid transects at larger scale modeling of soil metabolic processes.

Effects of continuous nitrogen addition on microbial properties and soil organic matter in a Larix gmelinii plantation in China

Continuous increases in anthropogenic nitrogen（N） deposition are likely to change soil microbial properties, and ultimately to affect soil carbon（C） storage.Temperate plantation forests play key roles in C sequestration, yet mechanisms underlying the influences of N deposition on soil organic matter accumulation are poorly understood. This study assessed the effect of N addition on soil microbial properties and soil organic matter distribution in a larch（Larix gmelinii） plantation. In a 9-year experiment in the plantation, N was applied at100 kg N ha-1 a-1 to study the effects on soil C and N mineralization, microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and C and N in soil organic matter density fractions, and organic matter chemistry. The results showed that N addition had no influence on C and N contents in whole soil. However,soil C in different fractions responded to N addition differently. Soil C in light fractions did not change with N addition, while soil C in heavy fractions increased significantly. These results suggested that more soil C in heavy fractions was stabilized in the N-treated soils. However,microbial biomass C and N and phenol oxidase activity decreased in the N-treated soils and thus soil C increased in heavy fractions. Although N addition reduced microbial biomass and phenol oxidase activity, it had little effect on soil C mineralization, hydrolytic enzyme activities, d13 C value in soil and C–H stretch, carboxylates and amides, and C–O stretch in soil organic matter chemistry measured by Fourier transform infrared spectra. We conclude that N addition（1） altered microbial biomass and activity without affecting soil C in light fractions and（2） resulted in an increase in soil C in heavy fractions and that this increase was controlled by phenol oxidase activity and soil N availability.

Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Organic Carbon and Carbon Management Index in Karst Area

[Objective] The aim was to reveal changes of soil organic matter fraction and their corresponding carbon management indexes as affected by different land use types.[Method]Soil organic carbon,active soil organic carbon and soil carbon management index（CMI）of different land use types in Guilin Maocun karst area were studied.Sampling with field investigation and laboratory testing was carried out.Heavy potassium chromate method was adopted to determine soil organic matter.333 mmol/L KMnO4 oxidation method was used to determine active organic carbon.[Result]With active soil organic matter increasing,the differences of CMI between different land use types were bigger.The CMI value of different land uses was shrubforest paddy fielddry farmland.The statistical analysis showed that labile organic matter was related with major soil properties at a significant level.[Conclusion]Labile organic matter could be used to reveal the influence of different land use types on soil organic matter and carbon management index in karst area.

Changes in Soil Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Content in Different Years of Continuous Cropping Tobacco Fields

In order to find out changes in the main fertility indicators of continuous cropping tobacco fields in Henan Province with years of continuous cropping,5 typical tobacco fields( Jia County,Shaoling District,Fangcheng County,Xiangcheng County,and Song County) were studied. Indicators in question included activity of main enzymes( sucrase,urease,catalase,and acid phosphatase),p H value,organic matters,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium. The results indicate that in most tobacco fields,the activity of sucrase and urease increased in two years of continuous cropping,later,it showed a declining trend with increase in years of continuous cropping; in some fields,it directly declined with increase in years of continuous cropping; the activity of catalase increased in two years of continuous cropping,later,it showed a declining trend with increase in years of continuous cropping,and it became stable after three years of continuous cropping;generally,the activity of acid phosphatase declined with increase in the years of continuous cropping within 3 years continuous cropping,later,it became stable. Except Fangcheng County,the soil p H value of other districts( counties) generally declined with increase in years of continuous cropping,and it was in the range of 5. 6-6. 8. With the increase in continuous cropping,the soil organic matters( SOM) in tobacco fields of Jia County and Song County declined,changes of SOM in tobacco fields of Fangcheng County and Xiangcheng County were not obvious,and SOM showed the trend of first decline then rise in Shaoling District. In most tobacco fields( Jia County,Xiangcheng County,and Song County),the total nitrogen showed a declining trend; in Shaoling District,it showed a trend of first decline then rise; in Fangcheng County,it showed a rising trend. The available phosphorus firstly slightly declined then rose in tobacco fields of Shaoling District and Song County; it showed a trend of first rise then decline in Jia County; there were no obvious changes in Fangcheng County and Xiangcheng County. Changes in the available potassium were different in tobacco fields. In sum,there are certain rules for changes in soil enzyme activity and nutrient content in tobacco fields in Henan Province,but changes are not completely the same. It is concluded that the site conditions and farming activities exert a certain influence on soil enzyme activity,p H value,organic matters,and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content. Therefore,to solve obstacles in continuous cropping of tobacco fields,different regions should take different measures.

Effect of spot burning of logging residues on the properties of mountain forest soils and the occurrence of ground beetles(Coleoptera, Carabidae)

We investigated the relationships between dehydrogenase activity and the physicochemical properties of mountain soils over three and five years from Norway spruce(Picea abies L. Karst) logging residue spot burning and the occurrence of epigeic carabid beetles. Six study sites were utilised, including18 study plots(nine plots in a mixed coniferous mountain forest site and nine plots in a mixed broadleaf mountain forest site), with five replicate pitfall traps at each site located in southern Poland.Soil samples from the organic horizon were taken for p H, organic carbon, nitrogen, base cation content,acidity and dehydrogenase activity determination.Carabid beetles were monitored in weekly intervals during the period of July to August 2016. The burning of logging residues led to modified soil properties,especially the dehydrogenase activity. In all the tested variants, the activity was higher in soil samples after the burning in comparison to the control variants. We show no positive correlation between dehydrogenase activity and the number of carabid specimens. The preferences of dominant predatory hygrophilous carabids to acid habitats with weakly decomposed organic matter were proven. Simultaneously, the soil organic matter content was positively related to the carabid abundance. The significant impact of forest site conditions and the date of logging residue burning on the number of caught specimens were confirmed. In contrast, no relationships between the species richness, species diversity, mean individual biomass and spot burning effect were found. This work supports the recommendation of spruce fine woody debris utilisation by spot burning on mountain regions with rich habitats presenting moderate wet conditions and small land falls.

Biological Soil Quality Indicators and Conditioners in a Plant-Assisted Remediation of Crude Oil Polluted Farmland

Owing to vital roles played by enzymes in the preservation of the make-up of soil ecosystem and functional diversity, the influence of organic manure on the resultant biological quality of a crude oil polluted agricultural soil from a 90 d phytoremediation pot experiment was investigated. A 4-factor phyto-assisted clean-up of crude oil polluted agricultural soil was designed with options of manure amendments, to boost micobial activities. Profiles of β-glucosidases, proteases, dehydrogenases, phosphomonoesterases and respiration were investigated. Analysis of variance of triplicate experiment was carried out. Application of soil conditioner gave no marked dehydrogenase activity, which increased with depletion of available phosphorus. Marked increases in CO2 release and alkaline phosphatase activity with soil conditioning may implicate beneficial relationship with the abundance of microbial populations. Flooding in some pots correlated with β-glucosidase and respiratory acitivities. A direct relationship between cellulose breakdown, measurable with β-glucosidase activity, organic matter and CO2 release, measurable with respiratory activity within all soils was found in the present study. Use of organic manure significantly improved CO2 release by soil biota in hydrocarbon-impacted soil and may be explored for phytoremediation technique.

土地利用方式对土壤有机质的影响

通过对地带性常绿阔叶林、杉木人工林、农田、竹林等不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质总量、活性有机质及其组分的研究,发现土地利用方式对土壤有机质和活性有机质各组分的影响差异显著,其中阔叶林含量最高,杉木人工林低于阔叶林,竹林和农田最低。这些差别主要是由于凋落物的数量。

土壤活性有机质及其与土壤质量的关系

活性有机质是土壤的重要组成部分 ,主要包括溶解性有机碳、微生物生物量、轻组有机质。它在土壤中具有重要作用 :(1)可以表征土壤物质循环特征、评价土壤质量 ,可以作为土壤潜在生产力以及由土壤管理措施引起土壤有机质变化的早期指标 ;(2 )在养分周转中起重要作用 ,是植物的养分库 ,可以提供植物所需要的养分如氮、磷、硫等 ;(3)能稳定土壤结构 ,对维持团粒结构稳定性有重要作用。从土壤养分、土壤物理、化学性质方面讨论了活性有机质与土壤质量的关系。土壤中的溶解性有机碳、微生物生物量碳氮含量与土壤有机碳、全氮和碱解氮等物质的含量呈正相关。活性有机质受土壤质地、含水量、温度等因素影响 ,与土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换量等也有关。土壤微生物生物量碳和微生物量 C/有机碳比与土壤粘粒、粉粒含量呈正相关。

麦秸还田对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响

【目的】探讨麦秸秆还田对水稻土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响及其相互关系。【方法】粳稻扬粳9538种植于大田,进行了麦秸还田与不还田、实地氮肥管理(SSNM)和农民习惯施肥法(FFP)等处理,观察了秸秆还田后水稻不同生长阶段的土壤pH值、有机酸含量、呼吸速率、土壤酶活性及土壤离子的变化动态。【结果】秸秆的腐解高峰在水稻生长的第1个月,土壤中有机酸含量在分蘖中期及穗分化期明显上升;土壤脲酶及过氧化氢酶活性表现为先升后降,而碱性磷酸酶活性则表现为双峰曲线的变化规律。秸秆还田后土壤pH值明显降低,有机酸含量增加,并且两者之间呈极显著的负相关关系,土壤中脲酶、过氧化氢酶及碱性磷酸酶活性增强,土壤全磷、可溶性钾含量明显上升,但Na+、Mg2+及Ca2+含量降低,土壤中酶活性和离子含量的升降与土壤中秸秆的腐解有关。秸秆还田增加了水稻成熟时土壤有机质含量及呼吸强度。与实地氮肥管理(SSNM)相比,农民习惯施肥法(FFP)处理增加了土壤中脲酶活性,对其它指标无显著性影响。土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性与土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷及全钾含量呈极显著正相关,土壤过氧化氢酶及土壤有机质与全氮呈正相关,与全磷、全钾相关不显著。【结论】秸秆还田能够增强土壤有机质含量与土壤酶活性,降低土壤中Na+、Mg2+及Ca2+含量,提高土壤肥力。

有机物料对植烟土壤养分、酶活性和微生物群落功能多样性的影响

【目的】为探究有机物料施用对土壤养分和生物学特性的影响。【方法】采用盆栽试验,研究了草炭、花生壳炭、蒸汽爆破烟梗和玉米秸秆对植烟土壤的影响,采用BIOLOG ECO平板培养技术分析了土壤微生物群落功能多样性。【结果】施用有机物料能够显著提高土壤有机碳、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量;汽爆玉米秸秆处理土壤MBC、MBN含量及脲酶、蔗糖酶活性提高幅度最大。BIOLOG分析结果表明,有机物料提高了土壤微生物AWCD和多样性指数。主成分分析结果表明,生物炭促进了以羧酸类和多聚物类物质为碳源的微生物的生长,汽爆玉米秸秆有利于以碳水化合物类、氨基酸类、酚酸类和胺类物质为碳源微生物的生长。【结论】施用有机物料可提高植烟土壤养分含量,改善土壤微生态环境,其中以汽爆玉米秸秆效果最好。

耕作措施对土壤有机碳和活性有机碳的影响

以5年的不同耕作措施处理的长期试验为基础,研究了不同耕作措施对土壤总有机碳、微生物量碳、颗粒有机碳和可溶性有机碳的影响。试验结果显示,秸秆还田、免耕覆盖、浅旋耕和常规耕作等不同耕作措施对0～40 cm土壤有机碳有显著影响,而对40 cm以下土层土壤有机碳的影响较小。免耕覆盖处理可以提高0～10 cm土层有机碳含量,但10～40 cm土层有机碳含量低于秸秆还田和常规耕作处理。与浅旋耕和常规耕作相比,连续5年秸秆还田和免耕覆盖可显著提高0～100 cm土壤有机碳储量。同时,不同耕作措施也影响活性有机碳含量,在0～5 cm土层中,免耕覆盖处理的颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物碳含量最高,其次为秸秆还田、浅旋耕和常规耕作处理。与常规耕作处理相比,秸秆还田处理20～40 cm土层的颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物碳含量分别提高了7.3%～121.8%、31.8%～49.3%和44.2%～84.6%。

森林生态系统土壤可溶性有机质(碳)影响因素研究进展

土壤活性有机质在土壤碳、氮、磷等养分元素的生物地球化学循环方面起着十分重要的作用.森林土壤活性有机碳(SAOC)库是极易变动的,其组分动态与周转速率主要受森林植被类型、演替过程以及由此造成的凋落物输入类型、数量、质量和季节与温湿度、pH等变化的控制.尽管在过去几十年中,关于土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)已开展了大量的研究,但关于其形成、转移与转化速率,以及对环境变化的反应等结论仍然零散,甚至相互矛盾,因此,研究土壤DOC动态及持续管理,必需从探讨其影响因子出发,找出其关键限制因子进行调控.在将来的研究中,主要应集中在:(i)各种可溶性有机质(DOM)源和汇的大小与DOC定量变化关系,如何进行调控?(ii)在高度人为化管理的森林生态系统中,土壤DOC如何改变?(iii)DOC动态及周转速率的现代研究方法探索等.

玉米秸秆腐解对石灰性褐土酶活性和有机质质量分数动态变化的影响

通过室内培养,研究玉米秸秆腐解量与腐解时间的关系,以及不同秸秆添加量对石灰性褐土酶活性和有机质质量分数动态变化的影响。结果表明,玉米秸秆的腐解量随培养时间延长而增加,在培养的第45天,腐解量可达45%左右,而45天后腐解速度明显下降。在腐解的前60d,常规秸秆添加处理的腐解速率小于加倍量秸秆添加量处理,而在培养后期处理间腐解速率无差异,且腐解速率均随腐解时间延长而减小。土壤过氧化氢酶活性随培养时间的延长呈先增加后降低再增加的趋势,但不同秸秆量处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性差异不显著;碱性磷酸酶活性随秸秆添加量增加而增大,且均随培养时间延长而提高。土壤有机质和活性有机质质量分数均随培养时间延长而增加,且随秸秆添加量的增加而显著增加。

土壤活性有机质(碳)的内涵和现代分析方法概述

土壤有机物质的活性成分是对土壤养分、植物生长乃至环境、大气和人类有影响的有效物质。在现代土壤研究中 ,出现了与之相关的繁多术语和应用指标 ,但是它们的内涵尚为混乱 ,其分析方法也缺乏系统的归纳。本文对土壤溶性有机碳 (DOC)和水溶性有机碳 (WSOC)、土壤有效碳 (AC)、土壤潜在可矿化碳 (PMC)、土壤易氧化碳 (ROC)、土壤微生物量碳 (SMBC)、土壤轻组有机碳 (LF C)几种较为普遍应用的土壤活性有机质 (碳 )从概念指标、分析意义到分析方法做了较系统的描述与理顺 ,以期对土壤有机质应用上的研究起到积极作用。

生物质炭与有机物料配施的土壤培肥效果及对玉米生长的影响

生物质炭作为一种多功能的土壤培肥材料被广泛应用,但其与传统有机物料的对比及配施研究还比较少。通过盆栽试验,研究了生物质炭与秸秆、发酵鸡粪单施及配施对壤质潮土和砂土养分含量、酶活性及玉米生长的影响,并采用主成分分析方法对3种有机物料的培肥效果进行综合评价。试验设6个处理,分别为不添加有机物料(CK)、添加生物质炭(BC)、小麦秸秆(WS)、发酵鸡粪(CM)、秸秆和生物质炭(WS+BC)、鸡粪和生物质炭(CM+BC)。研究结果表明,各处理均增加了砂土玉米生物量和株高,3种有机物料的提升幅度排序为:鸡粪>生物质炭>秸秆,鸡粪还可增加壤质潮土玉米生物量和株高。添加生物质炭和有机物料还可提高土壤有机质含量,其中生物质炭的提升幅度最大。此外,3种有机物料对土壤养分和酶活性的影响各异,单施鸡粪分别增加壤质潮土和砂土的碱解氮22.08%和26.67%,速效磷91.92%和53.65%,脲酶活性40.54%和36.94%;单施生物质炭分别增加壤质潮土和砂土速效磷83.52%和89.91%,速效钾79.38%和127.02%,过氧化氢酶活性3.41%和11.22%,却降低了土壤碱解氮含量,且与鸡粪配施后会抑制鸡粪中氮的有效性;单施秸秆分别增加壤质潮土和砂土速效钾49.48%和63.02%,β-葡糖苷酶活性51.86%和59.09%;生物质炭与鸡粪或秸秆配施可以更均衡地提升土壤肥力。通过主成分分析和相关分析发现,玉米生物量和株高与土壤氮、磷供应正变化的第2主成分(PC2)得分呈极显著正相关关系。因此,3种有机物料中,鸡粪对土壤氮、磷含量及相关酶活性影响最大;秸秆对土壤钾以及纤维素分解相关酶影响较大,而生物质炭对土壤肥力的提升作用更均衡,且土壤肥力综合得分最高。秸秆或鸡粪配施生物质炭可以更全面地提高土壤肥力。

不同生物有机肥用量对土壤活性有机质和酶活性的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了不同有机质含量的土壤中,不同用量生物有机肥对棉花苗期土壤活性有机质和5种酶活性的影响。结果表明,不同土壤随着生物有机肥施用量的增加,其活性有机质及碳库管理指数(CMI)均显著增加。其中高有机质含量土壤施用生物有机肥20 g/kg效果显著,中等有机质含量土壤和低有机质含量土壤施用生物有机肥30、40 g/kg效果显著。5种土壤酶活性施肥处理均高于对照(CK),并且土壤酶活性与施用量成正比。脲酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶在施用生物有机肥10、20 g/kg与其它处理相比变化显著,过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶变化不显著。相关分析表明,有机质与活性有机质和CMI在棉花出苗0 d相关系数分别为0.831**、0.542*;在出苗后60 d相关系数分别为0.928**、0.635**,其中有机质与活性有机质相关性最高。而CMI与有机质和活性有机质在棉花出苗0 d相关系数分别为0.542*、0.896**,在出苗后60 d分别为0.635**、0.842**,说明活性有机质相对于有机质与CMI关系更为密切。蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶与土壤有机质和活性有机质在棉花出苗0 d和出苗后60 d存在显著相关,表明活性有机质与土壤酶活性能够较好的反映肥力水平。

外源有机酸对土壤pH值、酶活性和Cd迁移转化的影响

为了筛选植物修复土壤Cd污染适宜的外源有机酸,采用盆栽试验,在温室内以油菜为试验材料,在模拟重度Cd污染的土壤(原土Cd含量为0.838 mg·kg^-1,人工喷洒CdCl2水溶液,制备成Cd含量为4.838 mg·kg^-1的试验土)中加入5种有机酸:乙酸、草酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸和酒石酸,设置6个浓度:1、2、3、4、5、6 mmol·kg^-1,以不加有机酸为对照(CK),测定了油菜收获时的土壤pH值、酶活性和油菜干物质量以及Cd累积量,并分析了土壤理化指标与土壤Cd形态之间的关系。结果表明:1、3、4、5、6 mmol·kg^-1乙酸处理,4、5、6 mmol·kg^-1柠檬酸处理,3 mmol·kg^-1苹果酸处理,3、6 mmol·kg^-1酒石酸处理可显著增大土壤pH值(P<0.05),草酸处理pH值与CK差异不显著;但施加有机酸对土壤酶活性的影响不明显。1、4、6 mmol·kg^-1乙酸处理显著提高了油菜地上部干物质量,1、6 mmol·kg^-1乙酸处理根干物质量较CK增加了1倍以上,差异显著(P<0.05),4、6 mmol·kg^-1苹果酸处理根干物质量较CK显著增加了77.13%和88.30%(P<0.05),其余处理与CK差异不显著。1 mmol·kg^-1乙酸处理地上部Cd累积量较CK增加了51.52%,2 mmol·kg^-1草酸处理根系Cd累积量较CK增加了1.58倍,1 mmol·kg^-1柠檬酸处理地上部+根系Cd吸收总量高于CK,差异均显著(P<0.05);增加苹果酸量有利于提高根系Cd吸收总量,1、2 mmol·kg^-1酒石酸处理也提高了根系Cd累积量,但与CK差异均不显著(P>0.05)。施加乙酸时,土壤pH值与铁锰氧化物结合态Cd和土壤总Cd显著负相关,施加柠檬酸时,土壤pH值与碳酸盐结合态Cd和试验结束时土壤中的总Cd量显著正相关,施加苹果酸时土壤pH值与可交换态Cd显著正相关,其余处理土壤pH值与Cd形态相关性不显著。在碱性土上种植油菜,施加5种有机酸均会增大收获时土壤的pH值,且不同有机酸施加量对土壤Cd形态的影响不同。5种有机酸中乙酸最有利于提高油菜干物质量和油菜Cd累积量。

有机物料施用对旱地红壤作物产量和有机质活性组分的影响

为了探讨不同有机物料施用对作物产量和土壤有机质活性组分的影响,以达到农田增产和土壤培肥的目的,本研究依托2015年在江西省红壤研究所布置的田间施肥试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常量化肥(CF)、减量化肥(RF)、减量化肥配施秸秆(RFR)、减量化肥配施生物黑炭(RFB)、减量化肥配施猪粪(RFP)、减量化肥配施蚓粪(RFV)7种不同施肥处理,研究减量化肥40%条件下配施不同有机物料对作物产量及耕层土壤有机质活性组分的影响。结果表明:在红薯-油菜轮作制度下,减肥配施有机物料处理的作物产量较常量化肥处理都有不同程度的增加,其中RFP、RFV处理油菜籽产量显著高于CF处理(P<0.05);减肥配施有机物料处理的土壤微生物生物量有机质(MBOM)、水溶性有机质(DOM)、颗粒性有机质(POM)、易氧化有机质(LOM)含量均高于CF处理,其中油菜季POM含量较红薯季有明显的提升;相关性分析表明,经过两季的施肥处理,SOM和有机质活性组分与作物产量均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),MBOM、POM、LOM与SOM呈极显著正相关性(P<0.01)。可见,不同有机物料替代部分化肥,可以一定程度提高作物产量,更重要的是可以促进土壤有机质活性组分的提高,对于土壤培肥至关重要。