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Preliminary Study on the Effect of Different Ecological Cultivation Modes on the Water Stability of Soil Aggregates in Rubber Based Agroforestry Systems
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作者 Shiyun Zhan Fengyue Qin +4 位作者 Dongling Qi Zhixiang Wu Chuan Yang Yingying Zhang Qingmao Fu 《Open Journal of Ecology》 2023年第11期782-793,共12页
Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) have been commercially cultivated for a century and a half in Asia, particularly in China, and they constitute a common element of plantation ecosystems in tropical re... Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) have been commercially cultivated for a century and a half in Asia, particularly in China, and they constitute a common element of plantation ecosystems in tropical regions. Soil health is fundamental to the sustainable development of rubber plantations. The objective of the study is to explore the influence of different complex ecological cultivation modes on the stability of soil aggregates in rubber based agroforestry systems. In this study, the ecological cultivation mode of rubber—Alpinia oxyphylla plantation, the ecological cultivation mode of rubber—Phrynium hainanense plantations, the ecological cultivation mode of rubber—Homalium ceylanicum plantations and monoculture rubber plantations were selected, and the particle size distribution of soil aggregates and their water stability characteristics were analyzed. The soil depth of 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm was collected for four cultivation modes. Soil was divided into 6 particle levels > 20 cm. soil was divided into 6 particle levels > 5 mm, 2 - 5 mm, 1 - 2 mm, 0.5 - 1 mm, 0.25 - 0.5 mm, and 0.053 - 0.25 mm according to the wet sieve method. The particle size proportion and water stability of soil aggregates were determined by the wet sieve method. The particle size proportion and water stability of soil aggregates under different ecological cultivation modes were analyzed. The results showed that under different ecological cultivation modes in the shallow soil layer (0 - 20 cm), the rubber—Alpinia oxyphylla plantation and the rubber—Phrynium hainanense plantation promoted the development of dominant soil aggregates towards larger size classes, whereas the situation is the opposite for rubber—Homalium ceylanicum plantation. In soil layer (20 - 40 cm), the ecological cultivation mode of rubber—Phrynium hainanense plantation developed the dominant radial level of soil aggregates to the diameter level of large aggregates. Rubber—Alpinia oxyphylla plantation and rubber—Homalium ceylanicum plantation, three indicators, including the water-stable aggregate content R<sub>0.25</sub> (>0.25 mm water-stable aggregates), mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD), were all lower than those in the rubber monoculture mode. However, in the rubber—Phrynium hainanense plantation, the water-stable aggregate content R<sub>0.25</sub>, mean weight diameter, and geometric mean diameter were higher than in the rubber monoculture mode, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. 展开更多
关键词 Ecological Complex Cultivation Rubber Plantation soil Aggregates soil Aggregate Water Stability Rubber based Agroforestry Systems
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Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Testing Soil Moisture and Nitrogen Fertilization Amount on the Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Winter Wheat 被引量:3
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作者 潘飞飞 李慧 +3 位作者 李培培 雷巧 谭金芳 韩燕来 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第5期817-820,823,共5页
[Objective] This study aimed to determine the effects of supplemental irrigation on yield and nitrogen uptake in winter wheat. [Method] Three supplemental irrigation levels were set based on the target soil contents ... [Objective] This study aimed to determine the effects of supplemental irrigation on yield and nitrogen uptake in winter wheat. [Method] Three supplemental irrigation levels were set based on the target soil contents of 60%, 70% and 80%) at jointing stage of wheat. Moreover, three nitrogen levels (0, 195 and 255 kg/hm^2) were designed. The experimental plots were arranged fol owing a split-plot design. Zhoumai 18 was selected as the experimental material. [Result] Supplemental irrigation and nitrogen application in combination had significant or extremely significant effects on yield, yield components and nitrogen uptake in winter wheat. The interaction between irrigation and nitrogen fertilization had significant or extremely significant influence on the number of ears, number of grains per ear, 1 000-grain weight, grain yield and nitrogen accumulation in winter wheat. Under different combinations of supplemental irrigation and nitrogen application, the maximum yield of winter wheat was obtained at W2 N195, while the minimum at W1 N255. [Conclusion] With the increase of irrigation, negative effect of nitrogen on number of ears, number of grains per ear, 1 000-grain weight, grain yield and nitrogen accumulation decrease under lower nitrogen application rate. 展开更多
关键词 Supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture Nitrogen application rate YIELD Nitrogen absorption
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The Impacts of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture Measurement and Nitrogen Use on Winter Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Absorption and Distribution 被引量:4
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作者 Xiukuan JIN Maoting MA +1 位作者 Tongke ZHAO Lingling JIANG 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2017年第8期47-54,共8页
Based on split plot design method of field test,the impacts of supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurement and nitrogen use on winter wheat yield and nitrogen absorption and distribution were studied.Su... Based on split plot design method of field test,the impacts of supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurement and nitrogen use on winter wheat yield and nitrogen absorption and distribution were studied.Supplemental irrigation had three levels: 60%(W_1),70%(W_2) and 80%(W3) of the targeted relative water content at 0-40 cm of soil layer during jointing period of winter wheat.Nitrogen fertilization had three levels: not using nitrogen(N_0),using pure nitrogen of 195 kg/hm^2(N_(195)) and 255 kg/hm^2(N_(255)).Results showed that:(i)different supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilization significantly affected plant height and leaf area of winter wheat during key growth period.Under the same supplemental irrigation treatment,both plant height and leaf area of winter wheat showed as N_(255)> N_(195)> N_0(P <0.05).Plant height in N_(195) and N_(255)treatments was significantly higher than that in N_0 treatment,but there was not significant difference between N_(195) and N_(255)(P >0.05).Under the same nitrogen fertilization,plant height in W_2(569.4 m^3/hm^2) and W3(873.45 m^3/hm^2) treatments was significant higher than that in W_1(265.2 m^3/hm^2),but there was not significant difference between W_2 and W3(P >0.05).It illustrated that excessive nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation did not significantly affect plant height and leaf area of winter wheat.(ii) Under the same nitrogen fertilization level,yield increase effect of winter wheat by supplemental irrigation showed a declining trend with nitrogen application amount increased.It illustrated that nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation had certain critical values on the yield of winter wheat.When surpassing the critical value,the yield declined.When nitrogen fertilization amount was 195 kg/hm^2,and supplemental irrigation amount was 70% of field moisture capacity(569.4 m^3/hm^2),the highest yield 8500 kg/hm^2 could be obtained.(iii) During mature period of winter wheat,nitrogen accumulation amount of plant treated by nitrogen was significantly higher than that not treated by nitrogen(P <0.05).But under the treatments of W_2 and W3,nitrogen accumulation amount in N_(255) significantly declined when compared with N_(195)(P <0.05).Especially under W3(873.45 m^3/hm^2) level,nitrogen accumulation amount in N_(255) was even lower than N_0.Under the treatments of N_0 and N_(195),nitrogen accumulation amount of plant significantly increased with supplemental irrigation increased(P < 0.05).But under N_(255) treatment,there was not significant difference(P > 0.05).It illustrated that moderate supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilization could improve nitrogen absorption ability of winter wheat,but excessive supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilization were not favorable for plant's nitrogen absorption.(iv) Although the increase of supplemental irrigation during jointing period improved nitrogen absorption ability of winter wheat and promoted winter wheat absorbing more nitrogen,it inhibited nitrogen transferring and distributing to seed.Comprehensively considering growth condition of winter wheat and nitrogen risk condition,it is suggested that nitrogen application amount was 195 kg/hm^2,and supplemental irrigation reached 70% of field moisture capacity(569.4 m^3/hm^2),which could be as the suitable water and fertilizer use amounts in the region. 展开更多
关键词 Winter wheat Supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurement Nitrogen application amount YIELD Nitrogen absorption and distribution
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Sheep manure application increases soil exchangeable base cations in a semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia 被引量:9
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作者 YuGe ZHANG Shan YANG +6 位作者 MingMing FU JiangPing CAI YongYong ZHANG RuZhen WANG ZhuWen XU YongFei BAI Yong JIANG 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第3期361-369,共9页
The long-term productivity of a soil is greatly influenced by cation exchange capacity(CEC).Moreover,interactions between dominant base cations and other nutrients are important for the health and stability of grass... The long-term productivity of a soil is greatly influenced by cation exchange capacity(CEC).Moreover,interactions between dominant base cations and other nutrients are important for the health and stability of grassland ecosystems.Soil exchangeable base cations and cation ratios were examined in a 11-year experiment with sheep manure application rates 0–1,500 g/(m2?a) in a semi-arid steppe in Inner Mongolia of China,aiming to clarify the relationships of base cations with soil p H,buffer capacity and fertility.Results showed that CEC and contents of exchangeable calcium(Ca2+),magnesium(Mg2+),potassium(K+) and sodium(Na+) were significantly increased,and Ca2+ saturation tended to decrease,while K+ saturation tended to increase with the increases of sheep manure application rates.The Ca2+/Mg2+ and Ca2+/K+ ratios decreased,while Mg2+,K+ and Na+ saturations increased with increasing manure application rates.Both base cations and CEC were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil p H.The increases of SOC and soil p H would be the dominant factors that contribute to the increase of cations in soil.On a comparison with the initial soil p H before the experiment,we deduced that sheep manure application could partly buffer soil p H decrease potentially induced by atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur.Our results indicate that sheep manure application is beneficial to the maintenance of base cations and the buffering of soil acidification,and therefore can improve soil fertility in the semi-arid steppes of northeastern China. 展开更多
关键词 base cation sheep manure soil p H soil fertility buffer capacity grassland conservation
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Effects of biochar-based fertilizers on nutrient leaching in a tobacco-planting soil 被引量:15
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作者 Yunlong Li Jianzhong Cheng +4 位作者 Xinqing Lee Yi Chen Weichang Gao Wenjie Pan Yuan Tang 《Acta Geochimica》 EI CAS CSCD 2019年第1期1-7,共7页
Biochar is a soil amendment for increasing soil quality and decreasing nutrient leaching. However, there is little information on the impact of biochar-based fertilizer(BF) on soil nutrient leaching in agricultural so... Biochar is a soil amendment for increasing soil quality and decreasing nutrient leaching. However, there is little information on the impact of biochar-based fertilizer(BF) on soil nutrient leaching in agricultural soils. We conducted a soil column leaching experiment to study the effects of BF on the leaching of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus, and total potassium(TK) in tobacco soils. The distribution characteristics of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in soil profiles were analyzed after the application of BF. Biochar was prepared by pyrolysis of fluecured tobacco stems. It was applied at four levels, 0%, 3%,9%, and 15%(w/w), respectively, to the compound fertilizer. Compared with the control, the leaching loss of soil TN decreased by 8.36%, 6.72%, and 6.45%, and the loss of soil TK decreased by 9.18%, 9.31% and 11.82% in the 3%,9%, and 15% BF treatments, respectively. However, BF had no significant effect on the P leaching due to the low movement of P in the soil profile. In addition, the BF addition increased the immobilization of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in the soil profile. These results indicate that addition of BF to a tobacco-planting soil reduced nutrient leaching, and suggest that BF could be an effective method of applying biochar to agriculture fields. 展开更多
关键词 Biochar-based FERTILIZER soil column Nutrient elements Leaching loss Immobilization
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Prediction Model of Soil Nutrients Loss Based on Artificial Neural Network
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作者 WANG Zhi-liang,FU Qiang,LIANG Chuan (Hydroelectric College,Sichuan University) 《Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)》 CAS 2001年第1期37-42,共6页
On the basis of Artificial Neural Network theory, a back propagation neural network with one middle layer is building in this paper, and its algorithms is also given, Using this BP network model, study the case of Mal... On the basis of Artificial Neural Network theory, a back propagation neural network with one middle layer is building in this paper, and its algorithms is also given, Using this BP network model, study the case of Malian-River basin. The results by calculating show that the solution based on BP algorithms are consis- tent with those based multiple - variables linear regression model. They also indicate that BP model in this paper is reasonable and BP algorithms are feasible. 展开更多
关键词 soil Prediction Model of soil Nutrients Loss based on Artificial Neural Network
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Synthesis Analysis of Soil Erosion for Three-River Headwater Region Based on GIS 被引量:11
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作者 陈琼 吴万贞 +3 位作者 周强 杨玉含 Wan-zhen Yu-han 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第5期155-158,共4页
In this paper,based on the common soil erosion model,the Three-River Headwaters region was select for study object. GIS methods are applied to conduct Semi-quantitative assessment for different types of soil erosion,a... In this paper,based on the common soil erosion model,the Three-River Headwaters region was select for study object. GIS methods are applied to conduct Semi-quantitative assessment for different types of soil erosion,and some results are concluded. The water erosion occurs in High Mountain and extra-high mountain of Yushu,Nangqian,Banma and Jiuzhi County in the southeast and south of the Three-River Headwaters region. The degree of erosion is prone to topography,precipitation,river and human activity. The freeze-thaw erosion mainly distributes in the northwest of the Three-River Headwaters region. The area of middle and above middle erosion degree accounts for roughly 50%. 展开更多
关键词 Three-River Headwaters region soil erosion Comprehensive analysis
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Simulation of the response of base-isolated buildings under earthquake excitations considering soil flexibility 被引量:10
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作者 Sayed Mahmoud Per-Erik Austrell Robert Jankowski 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2012年第3期359-374,共16页
The accurate analysis of the seismic response of isolated structures requires incorporation of the flexibility of supporting soil. However, it is often customary to idealize the soil as rigid during the analysis of su... The accurate analysis of the seismic response of isolated structures requires incorporation of the flexibility of supporting soil. However, it is often customary to idealize the soil as rigid during the analysis of such structures. In this paper, seismic response time history analyses of base-isolated buildings modelled as linear single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and multi degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems with linear and nonlinear base models considering and ignoring the flexibility of supporting soil are conducted. The flexibility of supporting soil is modelled through a lumped parameter model consisting of swaying and rocking spring-dashpots. In the analysis, a large number of parametric studies for different earthquake excitations with three different peak ground acceleration (PGA) levels, different natural periods of the building models, and different shear wave velocities in the soil are considered. For the isolation system, laminated rubber bearings (LRBs) as well as high damping rubber bearings (HDRBs) are used. Responses of the isolated buildings with and without SSI are compared under different ground motions leading to the following conclusions: (1) soil flexibility may considerably influence the stiff superstructure response and may only slightly influence the response of the flexible structures; (2) the use of HDRBs for the isolation system induces higher structural peak responses with SSI compared to the system with LRBs; (3) although the peak response is affected by the incorporation of soil flexibility, it appears insensitive to the variation of shear wave velocity in the soil; (4) the response amplifications of the SDOF system become closer to unit with the increase in the natural period of the building, indicating an inverse relationship between SSI effects and natural periods for all the considered ground motions, base isolations and shear wave velocities; (5) the incorporation of SSI increases the number of significant cycles of large amplitude accelerations for all the stories, especially for earthquakes with low and moderate PGA levels; and (6) buildings with a linear LRB base-isolation system exhibit larger differences in displacement and acceleration amplifications, especially at the level of the lower stories. 展开更多
关键词 base-isolated buildings rubber bearings EARTHQUAKES soil-structure interaction
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Development of an Ontology-Based Knowledge Network by Interconnecting Soil/Water Concepts/Properties, Derived from Standards Methods and Published Scientific References Outlining Infiltration/Percolation Process of Contaminated Water 被引量:1
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作者 Stephanos D. V. Giakoumatos Anastasios K. T. Gkionakis 《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》 2021年第1期25-52,共28页
The present work deals with the development of an Ontology-Based Knowledge Network of soil/water physicochemical & biological properties (soil/water concepts), derived from ASTM Standard Methods (ASTMi,n) and rele... The present work deals with the development of an Ontology-Based Knowledge Network of soil/water physicochemical & biological properties (soil/water concepts), derived from ASTM Standard Methods (ASTMi,n) and relevant scientific/applicable references (published papers—PPi,n) to fill up/bridge the gap of the information science between cited Standards and infiltration discipline conceptual vocabulary providing accordingly a dedicated/internal Knowledge Base (KB). This attempt constitutes an innovative approach, since it is based on externalizing domain knowledge in the form of Ontology-Based Knowledge Networks, incorporating standardized methodology in soil engineering. The ontology soil/water concepts (semantics) of the developed network correspond to soil/water physicochemical & biological properties, classified in seven different generations that are distinguished/located in infiltration/percolation process of contaminated water through soil porous media. The interconnections with arcs between corresponding concepts/properties among the consecutive generations are defined by the relationship of dependent and independent variables. All these interconnections are documented according to the below three ways: 1) dependent and independent variables interconnected by using the logical operator “<em>depends on</em>” quoting existent explicit functions and equations;2) dependent and independent variables interconnected by using the logical operator “<em>depends on</em>” quoting produced implicit functions, according to Rayleigh’s method of indices;3) dependent and independent variables interconnected by using the logical operator “<em>related to</em>” based on a logical dependence among the examined nodes-concepts-variables. The aforementioned approach provides significant advantages to semantic web developers and web users by means of prompt knowledge navigation, tracking, retrieval and usage. 展开更多
关键词 INFILTRATION PERCOLATION ASTM Standards soil/Water Contamination Knowledge base Ontology Network Semantics Porous Media
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Evaluation on Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil in Pollution-free Agricultural Product Bases in Guangxi
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作者 Minjun DENG Yan LUO 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2014年第7期63-65,共3页
Using data of 6 pollution-free agricultural product bases in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,this paper analyzed content of heavy metals,including arsenic(As),mercury(Hg),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),and chromium(Cr) in soil... Using data of 6 pollution-free agricultural product bases in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,this paper analyzed content of heavy metals,including arsenic(As),mercury(Hg),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),and chromium(Cr) in soil.After Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and As content in soil is determined,it evaluated the pollution of soil using single factor pollution index method and Nemerow synthetic pollution index method in combination with evaluation standard of heavy metals in soil and grading standard for soil pollution.Analysis results indicate that As,Hg,Pb,Cd,Cr content is different in pollution-free agricultural product bases,but all conform to related standards and there is no standard exceeding problem.It is concluded that the quality of soil in pollution-free agricultural product bases is excellent,not polluted and completely meet requirements of evaluation standards,and suitable for developing pollution-free agricultural products. 展开更多
关键词 POLLUTION-FREE AGRICULTURAL product baseS soil HEA
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A STUDY OF SOIL CONSERVATION MONITORING INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON REMOTELY SENSED DATA FOR A CATCHMENT ON THE LOESS PLATEAU
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作者 Li Rui, Li Bichen, Ma Xiaoyun (Northwesterng Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Academia Sinica and Ministry of Water Resources) 《遥感信息》 CSCD 1990年第A02期41-42,共2页
The Soil Conservation Monitorins Information System (SCMIS) presented in this paper is oriented to soil erosion control, resources exploitation, utilization, planning and management for a small watershed (about 10 sq.... The Soil Conservation Monitorins Information System (SCMIS) presented in this paper is oriented to soil erosion control, resources exploitation, utilization, planning and management for a small watershed (about 10 sq. km.) on the Loess Plateau. It sums up Remote sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS) and Expert System (ES) and consists of a integrated system. As a basic level information system of Loess Plateau, its perfection and psreading will bring about a great advance in resources exploitation and management of Loess Plateau. 展开更多
关键词 SCMIS A STUDY OF soil CONSERVATION MONITORING INFORMATION SYSTEM baseD ON REMOTELY SENSED DATA FOR A CATCHMENT ON THE LOESS PLATEAU GIS data
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Measurement on soil deformation caused by expanded-base pile in transparent soil using particle image velocimetry (PIV) 被引量:1
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作者 QI Chang-guang ZHENG Jin-hui +1 位作者 ZUO Dian-jun CHEN Geng 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第8期1655-1665,共11页
A new small-scale geotechnical physical model in 1-g and unconfined condition, combining the transparent soil, close-range photogrammetry and particle image velocimetry(PIV), was employed, which provides a non-intrusi... A new small-scale geotechnical physical model in 1-g and unconfined condition, combining the transparent soil, close-range photogrammetry and particle image velocimetry(PIV), was employed, which provides a non-intrusively internal deformation measurement approach to monitor the internal deformation of soil caused by expanded-base pile jacking with casing. The transparent soil was made of fused quartz and its refractive index matched blended oil, adding reflective particles(glass beads). Closerange photogrammetry was employed to record the images of the process of casing jacking and extraction in transparent soil, allowing the use of Matlab-based Geo-PIV to figure out the displacement field converted from image space to object space. Analysis of test results indicates that the maximum displacement caused by casing jacking for expandedconical-base pile is decreased by 29% compared with that for expanded-flat-base pile. The main movement happens at the early stage of casing extraction. The maximum displacement caused by casing extraction for the conical base is about 43% of that for the flatbase, while the affected zone caused by casing extraction for the conical base accounts for about 1/3 of that for the flat base. The contraction for horizontal displacements tends to decrease with the depth increasing. By contrast, the contraction under pile base decreases with the increasing of displacement. The displacements generated by jacking a conventional pile having a diameter equal to the casing diameter of the expanded-base pile were comparable to the net displacement taking place due to expanded-base pile installation for the conical base pile. 展开更多
关键词 Geotechnical physical model Expanded-base PILE TRANSPARENT soil Particle image velocimetry(PIV) Close-range photogrammetry
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Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution of Apple Orchard Surface Soils Associated with Past Use of Metal-Based Pesticides on Soil Microbial Biomass and Microbial Communities 被引量:1
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作者 Masakazu Aoyama Ryo Tanaka 《Journal of Environmental Protection》 2013年第4期27-36,共10页
Apple orchard surface soils in Japan are polluted with copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) due to long-term use of metal-based pesticides. We investigated the effects of heavy metals accumulated in the surface so... Apple orchard surface soils in Japan are polluted with copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) due to long-term use of metal-based pesticides. We investigated the effects of heavy metals accumulated in the surface soils in apple orchards on the microbial biomass and the microbial communities. Soil samples were taken from a chestnut orchard (unpolluted control) and five apple orchards with different degrees of heavy metal pollution. Total concentrations of Cu, Pb, and As in soil ranged from 29 to 931 mg/kg, 35 to 771 mg/kg, and 11 to 198 mg/kg, respectively. The amount of microbial biomass carbon expressed on a soil organic carbon basis decreased with increasing concentrations of heavy metals. Thus, the heavy metals that accumulated in apple orchard surface soils had adverse effects on the soil microbial biomass. The analysis of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition indicated that the microbial community structure had changed because of the pesticide-derived heavy metals in soil. The relative abundance of gram-positive bacterial marker PLFAs increased and that of fungal marker PLFA decreased with increasing concentrations of heavy metals in soil. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoreses targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of bacteria and the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of fungi also showed shifts in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities induced by soil pollution with heavy metals. However, the diversity of microbial communities was not significantly affected by the heavy metal pollution. This was attributable to the adaptation of the microbial communities in apple orchard surface soils to heavy metals derived from previously used pesticides. 展开更多
关键词 Apple Orchard Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Heavy Metals Microbial Biomass Metal-based PESTICIDES soil Pollution Phospholipid Fatty Acid
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Soil polygon disaggregation through similarity-based prediction with legacy pedons 被引量:5
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作者 LIU Feng GENG Xiaoyuan +3 位作者 ZHU A-xing Walter FRASER SONG Xiaodong ZHANG Ganlin 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第5期760-772,共13页
Conventional soil maps generally contain one or more soil types within a single soil polygon.But their geographic locations within the polygon are not specified.This restricts current applications of the maps in site-... Conventional soil maps generally contain one or more soil types within a single soil polygon.But their geographic locations within the polygon are not specified.This restricts current applications of the maps in site-specific agricultural management and environmental modelling.We examined the utility of legacy pedon data for disaggregating soil polygons and the effectiveness of similarity-based prediction for making use of the under-or over-sampled legacy pedon data for the disaggregation.The method consisted of three steps.First,environmental similarities between the pedon sites and each location were computed based on soil formative environmental factors.Second,according to soil types of the pedon sites,the similarities were aggregated to derive similarity distribution for each soil type.Third,a hardening process was performed on the maps to allocate candidate soil types within the polygons.The study was conducted at the soil subgroup level in a semi-arid area situated in Manitoba,Canada.Based on 186 independent pedon sites,the evaluation of the disaggregated map of soil subgroups showed an overall accuracy of 67% and a Kappa statistic of 0.62.The map represented a better spatial pattern of soil subgroups in both detail and accuracy compared to a dominant soil subgroup map,which was commonly used in practice.Incorrect predictions mainly occurred in the agricultural plain area and the soil subgroups that are very similar in taxonomy,indicating that new environmental covariates need to be developed.We concluded that the combination of legacy pedon data with similarity-based prediction is an effective solution for soil polygon disaggregation. 展开更多
关键词 legacy pedon data similarity-based prediction spatial disaggregation conventional soil maps
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Base cation concentrations in forest litter and topsoil have different responses to climate and tree species along elevational gradients 被引量:2
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作者 XUE Feng ZHAO Ming-fei +6 位作者 WANG Yu-hang KANG Mu-yi XING Kai-xiong WANG Guo-yi SHI Jing-jing CHEN Chen JIANG Yuan 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第1期30-42,共13页
The forest litter is an essential reservoir of nutrients in forests, supplying a large part of absorbable base cations(BC) to topsoil, and facilitating plant growth within litter-soil system. To characterize elevation... The forest litter is an essential reservoir of nutrients in forests, supplying a large part of absorbable base cations(BC) to topsoil, and facilitating plant growth within litter-soil system. To characterize elevational patterns of base cation concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil, and explore the effects of climate and tree species, we measured microclimate and collected the forest litter and topsoil(0-10 cm) samples across an elevational range of more than 2000 m(1243 ~ 3316 m a.s.l.),and analyzed the concentrations of BC in laboratory. Results showed that: 1) litter Ca concentration displayed a hump-shaped pattern along the elevational gradients, but litter K and Mg showed saddle-shaped patterns. Soil Ca concentration increased with elevation, while soil K and Mg had no significant changes. 2) Ca concentration in the forest litter under aspen(Populus davidiana) was significantly higher than that in all other species, but in topsoil, Ca concentration was higher under coniferous larch and fir(Larix chinensis and Abies fargesii). Litter K and Mg concentrations was higher under coniferous larch and fir, whereas there were nosignificant differences among tree species in the concentrations of K and Mg in topsoil. 3) Climatic factors including mean annual temperature(MAT), growing season precipitation(GSP) and non-growing season precipitation(NGSP) determined BC concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil. Soil C/N and C/P also influenced BC cycling between litter and soil. Observation along elevations within different tree species implies that above-ground tree species can redistribute below-ground cations, and this process is profoundly impacted by climate. Litter and soil Ca, K and Mg with different responses to environmental variables depend on their soluble capacity and mobile ability. 展开更多
关键词 base CATIONS Elevations LARIX CHINENSIS Litter-soil system Carbon nitrogen ratio
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Soil carbon sequestration under long-term rice-based cropping systems of purple soil in Southwest China 被引量:10
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作者 FAN Hong-zhu CHEN Qing-rui +4 位作者 QIN Yu-sheng CHEN Kun TU Shi-hua XU Ming-gang ZHANG Wen-ju 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第12期2417-2425,共9页
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is a complex process controlled by farming practices, climate and some other environment factors. Since purple soils are unique in China and used as the main cropland in Sich... Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is a complex process controlled by farming practices, climate and some other environment factors. Since purple soils are unique in China and used as the main cropland in Sichuan Basin of China, it is of great importance to study and understand the impacts of different fertilizer amendments on soil organic carbon(SOC) changes with time. A research was carried out to investigate the relationship between soil carbon sequestration and organic carbon input as affected by different fertilizer treatments at two long-term rice-based cropping system experiments set up in early 1980 s. Each experiment consisted of six identical treatments, including(1) no fertilizer(CK),(2) nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers(NP),(3) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(NPK),(4) fresh pig manure(M),(5) nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers plus manure(MNP), and(6) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers plus manure(MNPK). The results showed that annual harvestable carbon biomass was the highest in the treatment of MNPK, followed by MNP and NPK, then M and NP, and the lowest in CK. Most of fertilizer treatments resulted in a significant gain in SOC ranging from 6.48 to 2 9.13% compared with the CK, and raised soil carbon sequestration rate to 0.10–0.53 t ha–1 yr-1. Especially, addition of manure on the basis of mineral fertilizers was very conducive to SOC maintenance in this soil. SOC content and soil carbon sequestration rate under balanced fertilizer treatments(NPK and MNPK) in the calcareous purple soil(Suining) were higher than that in the acid purple soil(Leshan). But carbon conversion rate at Leshan was 11.00%, almost 1.5 times of that(7.80%) at Suining. Significant linear correlations between soil carbon sequestration and carbon input were observed at both sites, signifying that the purple soil was not carbon-saturated and still had considerable potential to se questrate more carbon. 展开更多
关键词 rice-based cropping systems long-term fertilization soil organic carbon purple soil
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Roles of soil-structure interaction and damping in base-isolated structures built on numerous soil layers overlying a half-space 被引量:1
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作者 C.S.Tsai C.I.Hsueh H.C.Su 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2016年第2期387-400,共14页
This study examines the roles of soil-structure interaction (SSI), higher modes, and damping in a base-isolated structure built on multiple layers of soil overlying a half space. Closed-form solutions for the entire... This study examines the roles of soil-structure interaction (SSI), higher modes, and damping in a base-isolated structure built on multiple layers of soil overlying a half space. Closed-form solutions for the entire system, including a superstructure, seismic isolator, and numerous soil layers overlying a half-space, were obtained. The formulations obtained in this study simply in terms of well-known frequencies and mechanical impedance ratios can explicitly interpret the dynamic behavior of a base-isolated structure interacting with multiple soil layers overlying a half-space. The key factors influencing the performance of the isolation system are the damping ratio of the isolator and the ratio of the natural frequency of the fixed-base structure to that of the isolated structure by assuming that the superstructure moves as a rigid body. This study reveals that higher damping in the base isolator is unfavorable to higher mode responses that usually dominate the responses of the superstructure and that the damping mechanism plays an important role in transmitting energy in addition to absorbing energy. It is also concluded that it is possible to design a soft soil layer as an isolation system for isolating vibration energy. 展开更多
关键词 base isolation seismic isolation soil-structure interaction closed- form solution higher-mode effects soilstratum passive control damping effects
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软弱基底排土场边坡逆排堆高速率及稳定性控制方法研究
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作者 郭晓刚 马垒 +4 位作者 张超 淦树成 王华 甘一雄 周通 《岩土力学》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第S01期596-606,共11页
针对软弱基底排土场逆排堆高过程的稳定性控制需求,构建了堆高速率与软弱土层强度参数对应关系,提出了一种不同堆高速率条件下排土场边坡稳定性分析方法。针对某排土场案例,开展了软弱基底土样不同固结度快剪试验,结果显示,随着固结度增... 针对软弱基底排土场逆排堆高过程的稳定性控制需求,构建了堆高速率与软弱土层强度参数对应关系,提出了一种不同堆高速率条件下排土场边坡稳定性分析方法。针对某排土场案例,开展了软弱基底土样不同固结度快剪试验,结果显示,随着固结度增大,内摩擦角以双曲线型函数逐渐增大,黏聚力基本保持不变。结合硬化土模型,利用有限元法分析了预压堆载下软弱土层平均固结度演化规律,联合直剪试验结果构建了强度参数与堆载厚度、固结时长的定量关系。结果表明,较厚软弱层在堆载和固结时长均相同时具有更低的内摩擦角;当堆载较小、固结时长相同时,软弱层具有更高的内摩擦角;当预压固结时长由50 d提高到100 d时,排土场边坡破坏模式从沿基底滑动变成堆排土体内部滑动,继续延长预压时长不再提升整体稳定性。 展开更多
关键词 软弱基底 排土场 逆排堆高速率 固结度 强度参数 稳定性分析
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典型蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染风险评估及其源解析 被引量:2
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作者 徐圣友 郝展 +5 位作者 马明海 陈然 崔朋 程东华 石瑶 杨兴业 《温州大学学报(自然科学版)》 2024年第1期42-53,共12页
为探究典型蔬菜基地土壤重金属的污染特征,评估其生态风险,以黄山市徽州区蔬菜基地表层土壤为研究对象,采用多种污染评价方法对其土壤重金属进行风险评价,利用相关性分析与主成分分析法对其进行源解析.结果表明,蔬菜基地土壤pH整体呈酸... 为探究典型蔬菜基地土壤重金属的污染特征,评估其生态风险,以黄山市徽州区蔬菜基地表层土壤为研究对象,采用多种污染评价方法对其土壤重金属进行风险评价,利用相关性分析与主成分分析法对其进行源解析.结果表明,蔬菜基地土壤pH整体呈酸性,土壤重金属含量平均值大小为Cr>Zn> Cu> Pb> Ni> As> Cd;除Cd含量超过国家标准外,其余均合格,但均超出了安徽省土壤环境背景值,其中,Cd与As分别超标为422.68%与264.33%.土壤重金属污染指数平均值均大于1,其中,Cd与As的潜在污染指数值均大于3,达到重度污染水平.地累积指数评估结果显示,除重金属Cd为中度污染外,其余重金属均在轻度污染以下水平.重金属Cd的潜在生态风险等级在较强及以上,其余均为轻度.重金属来源途径多种,主要与人类生产活动和成土母质有关,其中,Cd、As污染主要来自于人为源.综上可见,蔬菜基地土壤整体生态风险较高,土壤重金属存在积累趋势,应防范其潜在危害. 展开更多
关键词 设施蔬菜基地 土壤 重金属 风险评价 来源解析
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复杂环境下基于CPTU的深基坑土压力模型与工程应用
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作者 刘松玉 赖丰文 +3 位作者 蔡国军 李洪江 鲁泰山 张超哲 《岩土工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第8期1563-1572,共10页
土压力计算是深基坑围护结构设计的重要组成部分,但现有土压力模型难以合理地考虑开挖扰动诱发土体工程性质演化影响。孔压静力触探(piezocone penetration test,CPTU)能够有效避免取样扰动,并快速提供连续的原位土测试参数(锥尖阻力、... 土压力计算是深基坑围护结构设计的重要组成部分,但现有土压力模型难以合理地考虑开挖扰动诱发土体工程性质演化影响。孔压静力触探(piezocone penetration test,CPTU)能够有效避免取样扰动,并快速提供连续的原位土测试参数(锥尖阻力、侧壁摩阻力、孔隙水压力)。基于CPTU原位测试和位移相关土压力模型,结合库仑土压力框架,综合考虑开挖诱发土体工程性质演化、邻近地下结构(受限空间)、土拱效应、地基土强度参数和土-结构界面摩擦角等影响因素,构建了复杂环境下深基坑土压力统一计算模型(主动状态至被动状态)。分别通过与室内1g模型试验和离心机试验结果对比,验证了所构建模型的准确性与合理性。进一步将所构建模型应用至太湖冲湖积相软土地区某邻近地铁车站的深基坑工程。现场分别在基坑开挖前后对围护结构的两侧(基坑内外)开展了CPTU原位测试,并监测得到了围护结构侧向变形与土压力变化。原位测试解译结果表明,基坑开挖显著地改变了周边土体状态参数,但对于有效内摩擦角的影响甚微。与现场所测土压力对比指出,基于CPTU的土压力模型能够较好地反映复杂环境下基坑土压力变化,成功实现了工程应用。 展开更多
关键词 孔压静力触探(CPTU) 原位土力学 开挖扰动 受限空间 位移相关土压力
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