Chromium accumulation, microorganism population and enzyme activities in soils around chromium-containing slag heap of steel alloy factory

The environmental risk of chromium pollution is pronounced in soils adjacent to chromate industry. It is important to investigate the functioning of soil microorganisms in ecosystems exposed to long-term contamination by chromium. 45 soil samples obtained from different places of the slag heap in a steel alloy factory were analyzed for chromium contamination level and its effect on soil microorganisms and enzyme activities. The results show that the average concentrations of total Cr in the soil under the slag heap, adjacent to the slag heap and outside the factory exceed the threshold of Secondary Environmental Quality Standard for Soil in China by 354%, 540% and 184%, respectively, and are 15, 21 and 9 times higher than the local background value, respectively. Elevated chromium loadings result in changes in the activity of the soil microbe, as indicated by the negative correlations between soil microbial population and chromium contents. Dehydrogenase activity is greatly depressed by chromium in the soil. The results imply that dehydrogenase activity can be used as an indicator for the chromium pollution level in the area of the steel alloy factory.

Sorption Characteristics of Hexavalent Chromium in the Soil Based on Batch Experiment and Their Implications to the Environment

The objective of this experimental study was to determine the kinetics and equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) in soils collected from Hengshui City of Hebei Province, China, based on batch experiments. The main concentration for this paper is on the effect of soil pH, solute concentration and ionic strength as the variable factors in the sorption of Cr(VI) in soils and the assessment of their implications to the environment. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for Cr(III) analysis;UV-VIS Spectrophotometer for quantification of Cr(VI) in soil samples and determination of electrical conductivity and temperature of the soil samples;and Automatic Laser Particle Size Analyzer LS230 for the determination of soil physical characteristics. Results from this study show that adsorption and reduction are major reactions accounting for removal of Cr(VI) from soil solution. It is concluded that chemical reactions such as reduction, strongly influence Cr(VI) mobility in soil. Adsorption kinetics experiments indicated that Cr(VI) removal from soil solution increases with increasing solute concentration, with decreasing pH and with decreasing ionic strength. Adsorption reactions reached equilibrium within 12 hours in batch reactors. Increasing background electrolyte concentration (KCI) decreases Cr(VI) adsorption on soil. The Cr(VI) adsorption isotherm for this soils conforms well to the Langmuir isotherm at constant pH. Two Cr(VI) adsorption parameters: the maximum sorption capacity (Qo) and Langmuir adsorption constant (KL), were determined as 1.0135 × 10-4 mol/g and 0.0622 mg/L, respectively. The reduction of Cr(VI) into less toxic Cr(III), means reduction of significant environmental problems. Finally, this study advises relevant environmental governing authorities to observeperiodic monitoring of the status of Cr(VI) in soils.

Spatial distribution of chromium in soils contaminated by chromium-containing slag

To evaluate the metal chromium (Cr) contamination of soil at a chromium-containing slag site by ferrochromium production, the contaminated sites, under slag heap, in the vicinity of slag heap and arable soils near the outlet of sewer channel, and unpolluted site 5 km away from one ferroalloy plant in Hunan Province, China, were selected. The concentrations of total Cr and water soluble Cr in bulk soil samples and profile depth samples were determined. The results show that the soils in the vicinity of slag heap have the highest total Cr content followed by the soils under the slag heap and near the outlet of sewer channel of the factory. The mean concentrations of total Cr in the top soils at above three contaminated locations exceed the critical level of Secondary Environmental Quality Standard for Soil in China by 3.5, 5.4 and 1.8 times. In most Cr polluted soils, total Cr has a relative accumulation in soil depth of 40-60 cm, but this trend is not found in unpolluted soils. The average concentrations of water soluble Cr (Ⅵ) in top soils under slag heap and in the vicinity of slag heap are 176.9 times and 52.7 times higher than that in the uncontaminated soils, respectively. However, water soluble Cr (Ⅵ) contents in soils near sewer channel are all low and the values are close to that in the uncontaminated soils. Although water soluble Cr (Ⅵ) content in soil profiles decreases with soil depths, it in soils under slag heap maintains a high level even at a depth of 100-150 cm. The results imply that the transportation of Cr (Ⅵ) can result in a potential risk of groundwater system in this area.

The Fate of Chromium in Weathered Ultramafic Rocks and Their Derivitative Soils in Cuba: Clues from Spectroscopic Studies

In its cationic,trivalent form,Chromium(Cr)it is a micronutrient,and exhibits low environmental mobility.In hexavalent form,however,it is a human carcinogen and also highly mobile.Climate is a key environmental factor controlling weathering rates and stability of primary and secondary Cr-bearing minerals.Knowledge of Cr oxidation state and mineral residence is therefore essential to estimating the risk posed by Cr in serpentinites,chromite mine wastes,and soils developed on these parent materials.X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)is currently the best available technique for determination of the relative abundance of Cr(III)and Cr(VI)in situ(that is,without digestion of solid phases).A brief review of relevant XAS studies of is presented below,focusing on studies in tropical climates1,as they will be most relevant to eastern Cuba’s extensively serpentinized ophiolite belt.Cr(III)-bearing spinels are usually the dominant and most refractory Cr host in ultramafic rocks.Previous XAS studies2 indicate that in tropical climates,Cr-spinels weather rapidly to form Cr(III)-bearing secondary Fe(III)(hydr)oxides(goethite,hematite).Manganese(Mn)is also enriched in ultramafic rocks2;as Mn(IV),it can also co-precipitate with Fe(III)(hydr)oxides,or form its own secondary(hydr)oxides.A previous study found up to 20%Cr(VI)in in a tropical,serpentine soil that contained substantial Mn,and a strong correlation between the*amounts of Cr(VI)and Mn(IV)in the soil profile2.Theresults of several XAS studies suggest that a close association of Mn(IV)and Cr(III)in secondary Fe(hydr)oxides is necessary for oxidation of Cr(III)to Cr(VI)via electron transfer reactions with Mn(IV);however,additional XAS studies have shown that organic matter3and Cr-bearing aluminosilicates4 may also be important sources of Cr(III)to the environment under specific conditions.The stability and fate of Cr has not been studied in detail for these two host phase types,to the best of our knowledge.Access to XAS facilities to perform Cr geochemical experiments is limited and will only become more so in the future.We are working to develop and apply(micro)Raman spectroscopy to evaluate Cr oxidation state and mineral residence(in crystalline and amorphous materials).In addition to standard Raman scattering,we are employing resonance Raman(785 nm laser)to enhance signal from Cr(VI)-bearing phases and laser-stimulated photoluminescence to identify Cr(III)associated with Al-rich alteration products

Effect of chromium on growth attributes in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)

Heavy metal soil pollution takes place when the metal concentration of soil exceeds natural background level and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of the environment.In the present study,a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium-contaminated soil in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)growth attributes.Three different levels of chromium(Cr)i.e.,20, 40,and 60 mg/kg were applied to three varieties of sunflower(G-3,G-9,and G-59).The results of morphological,chemical,and yield p...

Using humic acid for remediation of sandy soils contaminated by heavy metal

This paper presents the development of a new remediation technology for contaminated sandy soil using humic acid (HA). Distribution of amount of Cr (VI) in the aqueous or solid system containing humic acid and sandy soil, was studied using batch experiments, es-pecially for effects of reaction time, pH, concentrations, temperature and irradiation on the reduction of Cr (VI), and the optimum reaction conditions. The results indicated a significant increase of the adsorption of Cr (VI) because of the complexion reaction between HA and Cr (VI) that occurred under acidic condition. The reaction mechanisms of HA with chromium on sand surfaces were certified. Thus it came to a conclusion that HA could be used effectively on remediation of Cr (VI)–contaminated soil and groundwater in a wide range of pH, with or without sunlight. These results suggest that the organic-inorganic complex—such as sandy soils coated with humic substances—is important as a metal reservoir in the environment.

Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Multi-Parameters Optimization of Savitzky-Golay Smoothing Applied to Rapid Analysis of Soil Cr Content of Pearl River Delta

Using visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression, the rapid reagent-free analysis model for chromium (Cr) content in tideland reclamation soil in the Pearl River Delta, China was established. Based on Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing and PLS regression, a multi-parameters optimization platform (SG-PLS) covering 264 modes was constructed to select the appropriately spectral preprocessing mode. The optimal SG-PLS model was determined according to the prediction effect. The selected optimal parameters d, p, m and LV were 2, 6, 23 and 8, respectively. Using the validation samples that were not involved in modeling, the root mean square error (SEPV), relative root mean square error (R-SEPV) and correlation coefficients (RP, V) of prediction were 11.66 mg·kg-1, 10.7% and 0.722, respectively. The results indicated that the feasibility of using Vis-NIR spectroscopy combined with SG-PLS method to analyze soil Cr content. The constructed multi-parameters optimization platform with SG-PLS is expected to be applied to a wider field of analysis. The rapid detection method has important application values to large-scale agricultural production.

Chromium-Containing Organic Fertilizers from Tanned Hides and Skins: A Review on Chemical, Environmental, Agronomical and Legislative Aspects

A category of chromium (Cr)-containing fertilizers is represented by the fertilizers deriving from byproducts of tanning process. Their use is widespread because of their good agronomic response due to the high content of slow release or- ganic nitrogen (N) and carbon (C). They do not represent an environmental hazard because only the non-toxic form of Cr(III) is present. Productive processes may involve chemical, enzymatic or thermal hydrolysis. The final product is characterized by different contents of peptides and free amino acids depending on the type of hydrolysis. Legislation concerning Cr-containing fertilizers is controversial because often do not consider any scientific evidences;nevertheless, the European Union, the United States and countries as Italy, do not set the restriction to Cr(III) and generally only the presence of the toxic form, Cr(VI), is limited. Depending on its two main oxidation forms, Cr issue has been studied for many years. Several authors confirmed that Cr(VI) is carcinogenic, while Cr(III) is an essential trace element in human and animal diet. In soil Cr(III) has low mobility, whereas Cr(VI) is highly water soluble. However Cr(VI) in soil is quickly reduced to Cr(III);on the contrary oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) is rarely possible because particular conditions must occur. Only a very small fraction of Cr in soil is available to plant uptake and its translocation in edible parts is limited because it is immobilized in roots as Cr(III). Therefore risks of environmental pollution using these fertilizers are negligible;on the contrary they have positive environmental and agronomical effects. The aim of this review is to deal with the category of the organic fertilizers containing Cr derived from tannery processes focusing on its chemical, productive, legislative, environmental and agronomical aspects. Special attention is given to the ambiguous issue of Cr briefly summarizing the most important studies of the last forty years.

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) Grown on Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) Contaminated Soil Amended with Treated Composted Sewage Biosolid

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the heavy metal accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.) plant grown in chromated copper arsenate (CCA) soil amended with treated composted sewage biosolid. The initial concentrations of chromium, copper, arsenate in the CCA soil and sewage biosolid were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. These were found to be, in CCA soil: 365.8 ± 6.18, 109.22 ± 14.04, 28.22 ± 3.8 and in sewage biosolid: 35 ± 1.06, 1.0 ± 0.02, 0 mg·kg-1 respectively. The concentration of Cr, Cu and As determined in both the roots and shoots generally decreased with increase in percentage amendment concentration and number of days (20 and 40 days after planting). At 20 days, the total metal concentration ranges in roots were As (5.54 ± 0.03 - 6.69 ± 1.14), Cr (9.59 ± 0.02 - 13.22 ± 0.03), Cu (2.28 ± 0.06 - 4.53 ± 0.37) mg·kg-1 while at 40 days the values were As (5.60 ± 0.19 - 6.08 ± 0.01), Cr (9.47 ± 0.04 - 10.95 ± 0.09), Cu (3.94 ± 0.19 - 4.64 ± 0.07) mg·kg-1. For the shoot system, the concentrations of the metals at 20 days were As (5.28 ± 0.03 - 5.90 ± 0.13), Cr (9.30 ± 0.05 - 10.07 ± 0.06), Cu (3.64 ± 0.12 - 4.72 ± 0.15) mg/kg while at 40 days the values obtained were As (5.28 ± 0.03 - 5.9 ± 0.13), Cr (9.69 ± 0.14 - 10.07 ± 0.03), Cu (2.94 ± 0.72 - 4.53 ± 0.03) mg·kg-1. The roots accumulated the three heavy metals more than the shoot system at all treatments used. Concentration of arsenic, chromium and copper in the plants decreased with increasing percentage amendments. The results suggest relatively low bioavailability of the three metals in CCA soil treated with high percentages of sewage biosolid as an amendment.

电动法去除污染土中重金属铬的试验研究

针对土壤铬污染严重的问题,通过自行设置的电动去除装置,研究电动法在不同电压、电解液种类和浓度的条件下对铬去除效果的影响。结果显示:电动法能够有效去除土壤中的重金属铬,并且土壤中铬(Ⅵ)的迁移受电压的影响较大,当电压从10 V增大至40 V时,铬(Ⅵ)的去除率提高了12.25百分点。电解液中加入0.05 mol/L十二烷基苯磺酸钠(Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate, SDBS)后铬(总)的去除率提高了5.94百分点,但增大SDBS浓度对提升铬的去除率没有明显效果。柠檬酸(Citric Acid, CA)可显著促进铬的迁移,柠檬酸浓度越大,铬的去除效率越高。在电解液中加入0.15 mol/L柠檬酸后铬(总)的去除率增长幅度达到最大,提高了18.03百分点,铬(Ⅵ)的去除率达到了93.4%,铬(总)的去除率达到了74.96%。其中,弱酸提取态和可还原态铬的去除量占铬(总)去除量的95%左右,CA能够促进残渣态铬向弱酸提取态转换并促进铬的迁移,使各形态铬的残余量均有所下降,进而使铬污染土壤的毒性大幅降低。经电动去除后,土壤表面呈现出针状、絮状或颗粒状,并出现了大量细小的孔隙,结构变得相对松散。

不同来源类型土壤重金属铬空间分布预测插值模型研究

通过空间聚类分析法解析目标区域内耕地土壤重金属铬的来源类型,确定了点状、线状和面状三种来源区。针对不同来源类型区,通过反距离权重(IDW)、径向基函数(RBF)、普通克里金(OK)、简单克里金(SK)四种插值方法模型,进行土壤重金属铬空间分布预测分析,结果表明:四种不同插值方法模型预测结果的平均标准差和空间分布总趋势相似,但在数据极值的保留上有所差异;不同来源类型区域中使用不同空间插值方法的效果有所不同,应根据空间分析的目的,考虑极值、平均值等关键数据,有针对性地选择空间插值方法。对于点状来源区,宜使用RBF或OK进行空间插值分析;对于线状来源区,宜使用IDW进行空间插值分析;对于面状来源区,宜使用RBF进行空间插值分析。研究结果初步探明基于重金属铬来源类型进行空间插值方法模型优化是有效的,为后续应用提供了方向性参考。

螯合剂与低分子有机酸复配淋洗修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤

为探究可生物降解螯合剂氨三乙酸(NTA)替代乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)在复配淋洗剂中的作用,本文研究了NTA和EDTA与草酸和酒石酸所配制的复配淋洗剂在不同浓度、固液比、pH值和淋洗时间下对Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤淋洗效果的影响及淋洗动力学,此外还使用顺序提取方案(BCR)分析了淋洗前后土壤中重金属的形态、迁移率和稳定性变化。结果表明:混合等体积的0.25 mol·L^(-1)NTA和0.3 mol·L^(-1)草酸在固液比为1∶9、pH为3、淋洗时长为240 min条件下达到最大Cr(Ⅵ)去除效率82.94%,这与使用EDTA淋洗时的效率相近;该复配淋洗剂淋洗Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤时的动力学符合拟二级动力学方程;BCR实验结果表明,NTA和草酸复配淋洗后土壤中Cr的弱酸可提取态、可氧化态和残渣态组分含量分别从6346.67、4280.00、2387.67 mg·kg^(-1)下降至1161.67、433.35、741.00 mg·kg^(-1),可还原态组分从2746.67 mg·kg^(-1)上升至6016.67 mg·kg^(-1),污染土壤重金属迁移率下降。淋洗后土壤有机质含量从13.47%上升至30.56%,脲酶和脱氢酶活性分别从46.32、329.09μg·d^(-1)·g^(-1)降低至29.36、131.98μg·d^(-1)·g^(-1),土壤结构基本与原土一致。因此,NTA与草酸复配淋洗剂是一种高效且对土壤影响较小的淋洗剂。

不同材料复合添加对土壤铬形态的影响

以铬污染黄壤为研究对象,选择有机材料(泥炭)、pH值调节剂(沸石)、生物炭(鸡粪)3种不同种类的土壤重金属污染改良剂,采用正交试验L_(9)(3^(4))设计和室内盆栽试验,考察不同复合材料组对土壤中重金属铬形态、pH值、有机质含量的影响。结果表明:沸石的添加提高了土壤pH值、有机质含量,增加了土壤可还原态、可氧化态铬含量;鸡粪的添加通过提高土壤pH值从而增加土壤可还原态铬的含量;泥炭的添加提高了土壤有机质含量、土壤可氧化态铬含量,降低了土壤可交换态铬含量。

煤基半焦对重金属土壤中铬和镉的原位钝化及作用机制分析

工业化和城市化的快速发展对土壤造成严重的重金属污染,其中由于铬、镉的毒性强,对环境的危害极大。以资源丰富的石河子煤和乌鲁木齐煤为原料经热解制得半焦,将其作为铬和镉污染土壤的钝化材料,以实现重金属污染土壤的修复和改良。利用热重分析得到两种煤样热解的特征温度;采用N_(2)等温吸附法对半焦的孔隙结构进行了表征。通过重金属浸提实验,研究了半焦钝化剂作用时间和添加量对单一污染土壤及复合污染土壤中重金属有效态含量的影响。结果表明:乌鲁木齐煤基半焦具有较适宜重金属钝化的表面特征,孔径主要集中在1.8 nm~4.0 nm,单位面积酸性官能团和碱性官能团数量较多,分别为0.0026 mmol/m^(2)和0.0164 mmol/m^(2);在其添加量为5%,粒径为300μm~500μm,与土壤作用时间为90 d的条件下,铬和镉的有效态含量分别下降了78%和21%。相比于单一污染土壤,竞争作用使得复合污染土壤中铬和镉的钝化效果略有下降。此外,土壤中添加半焦后,土壤的pH值保持在稳定的弱碱性范围内,其有机质含量和阳离子交换量均有提高,改善了土壤的理化性质,可增强土壤肥力。

不同价态铬的定量分析综述

从铬的形态、价态开展了具体分析,综述了铬的检测分析方法。根据水样的差异性、土壤污染程度、食品安全标准等采用不同的检测方法,确保检测方法的准确性与灵敏度。随着铬在不同环境中检测技术的成熟发展,展望了磷矿石中不同价态铬的检测方法。

铬污染土壤的电动修复研究

通过调控电动修复阴极pH值及添加增强剂,提升电动修复技术对Cr污染土壤的总Cr去除率,并探究了电动修复工程的能耗变化及Cr迁移分布规律。结果表明,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、柠檬酸和盐酸等增强试剂能显著提升电动修复过程的总Cr去除率。不调控电动修复阴极pH值,电动修复土壤7d,向土壤分别添加EDTA、柠檬酸时,总Cr去除率分别为24.47%、23.24%;不调控阴极pH值,会发生较明显的偏极效应。控制电动修复阴极pH值,电动修复土壤7d,向土壤分别添加盐酸、柠檬酸时,总Cr去除率分别为44.20%(是空白电动修复组的4.9倍)、36.80%;控制阴极pH值,能有效阻止阴极区域Cr发生沉淀作用,提高Cr的去除率;控制阴极pH值不会显著增加电动修复过程能耗。该方法大幅提升了电动修复对土壤中总Cr的去除率,对重金属污染土壤的修复具有指导意义。

原位吸附技术修复六价铬污染土壤

常见六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)污染场地修复技术如客土法、还原法、固化法、生物法等存在成本高、效率低及Cr(Ⅵ)被二次氧化等缺点。理想修复技术应能快速、低成本地将铬元素(Cr)从土壤中彻底去除。本文将聚吡咯(PPy)通过原位聚合的方式负载在凹凸棒土(ATP)表面,制备了以PPy为“壳”和以ATP为“核”的ATP/PPy复合材料,ATP/PPy对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附容量为185.19mg/g,吸附机理包括静电引力、螯合、还原与离子交换等。将ATP/PPy嵌入土壤中,利用Cr(Ⅵ)在土壤中的纵向迁移及横向浓度差渗透,可实现对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的原位吸附。实验考察了模拟降雨量、土壤pH、土壤容重、土壤有机质含量等因素对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)去除效率的影响。结果表明,当供试土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为30mg/kg,模拟降雨量为6mL/天,土壤有机质含量为7.6g/kg,土壤容重为1.22g/cm^(3),土壤p H为5.86时,第35天时土壤滤液中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为58.51%,土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)含量降低至2.97mg/kg,低于《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB36600—2018)中的建设用地第二类用地筛选值5.7mg/kg。该技术具有操作简单、经济环保、效率高、去除彻底等优势,可为污染场地的高效低成本治理提供新思路及技术支撑。

污染土壤稳定化处理后铬返溶影响因子的研究

探究了稳定化处理后污染土壤中Cr的返溶影响因子。结果表明,对返溶释放促进作用最大的条件为:水淹、水溶液pH为1、40℃、一周鼓3 d氧气,这时土壤中Cr(VI)由10.00 mg/kg增至31.47 mg/kg,浸出液中总铬由0.15 mg/L增至0.36 mg/L。40℃、水淹、水溶液pH=1、水溶液pH=12、一周鼓3天氧气处理后Cr的有效态质量分数分别增加0.02%、1.46%、2.12%、0.03%、0.85%。含水率是影响污染土壤稳定化处理后Cr返溶的主要因素,pH为次要因素。在不同pH条件下,稳定化处理后的土壤中Cr的释放量皆与二级动力学方程拟合度最高。

高原山区茶园土壤pH和重金属铬的空间异质性研究——以贵州省贵定县为例

【目的】探究高原山区茶园土壤pH及重金属铬(chromium,Cr)含量的空间异质性及其驱动因素,为茶树高产优质栽培提供科学依据。【方法】采集贵州省贵定县423个茶园土壤样品,采用地统计学和半方差函数模型法探究茶园土壤pH和Cr的空间异质性,并利用随机森林算法研究不同pH下Cr含量变化的驱动因素。【结果】高原山区茶园土壤pH值为4.5~6.0的样品占74%,适宜茶树生长。研究区域内土壤Cr含量处于安全水平。土壤pH值自西南向东北逐渐减小,呈明显的带状分布。土壤重金属Cr含量的空间分布呈现自北向东南逐渐降低的趋势,低值斑块多出现在东南区域,高值斑块集中在中西部。【结论】不同土壤pH值对Cr含量的影响不同。在pH≤5.5的茶园土壤中,土壤pH对Cr含量影响最大;在5.5<pH≤6.5的茶园土壤中,土壤颗粒对Cr含量影响最大。

还原菌Staphylococcus sp.修复六价铬污染土壤的中试研究

为探索微生物修复的工程化应用前景,开展六价铬污染土壤的微生物还原修复中试研究。通过采集废弃电镀厂场地污染土壤,筛选出1株具有六价铬还原作用的功能菌Staphylococcus sp.。Staphylococcus sp.对六价铬的耐受质量浓度高于200 mg/L,最适pH值为7,适宜温度为25~35℃。研究发现,当土壤六价铬初始质量比为98.00 mg/kg、水土比(mL∶g)为2∶1、添加肉膏蛋白胨(Luria-Bertani,LB)培养基的条件下,Staphylococcus sp.能在21 d内将六价铬全部还原。在污染土壤的微生物治理中试研究中,污染土壤的用量为200 kg,水土比(mL∶g)为2∶1,且周期性地添加LB培养基。土壤中六价铬初始质量比为65.42 mg/kg,Staphylococcus sp.在6 d内对六价铬的还原率达到92.59%,后续24 d土壤中六价铬质量比在2.97~10.85 mg/kg呈现波动状态。结果表明,污染场地筛选出的土著功能菌Staphylococcus sp.具有潜在的工程应用价值。中试研究确定的相关参数能为后期工程化应用提供技术支撑。