SLOPE LITHOLOGIC PROPERTY, SOIL MOISTURE CONDITION AND REVEGETATION IN DRY-HOT VALLEY OF JINSHA RIVER

The dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River is one of the typical eco-fragile areas in Southwest China, as well as a focus of revegetation study in the upper and middle reaches of the Changjiang River. Due to its extremely dry and hot climate, severely degraded vegetation and the intense soil and water loss, there are extreme difficulties in vegetation restoration in this area and no great breakthrough has ever been achieved on studies of revegetation over the last several decades. Through over ten years’ research conducted in the typical areas-the Yuanmou dry-hot valley, the authors found that the lithologic property is one of the crucial factors determining soil moisture conditions and vegetation types in the dry-hot valley, and the rainfall infiltration capability is also one of the key factors affecting the tree growth. Then the revegetation zoning based on different slopes was conducted and revegetation patterns for different zones were proposed.

Aggregate Characteristics During Natural Revegetation on the Loess Plateau

Field investigations and laboratory analysis were conducted to study the characteristics of soil water-stable aggregates during vegetation rehabilitation in typical grassland soils of the hilly-gullied loess area. The relationship between water- stable aggregates and other soil properties was analyzed using canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results show that during the natural revegetation, the aggregates 〉 5 mm dominated and constituted between 50% and 80% of the total soil water-stable aggregates in most of the soil layers. The 2-5 mm aggregate class was the second main component. The mean value of water-stable aggregates 〉 5 mm within the 0-2 m soil profile under different plant communities decreased in the following order： Stipa grandis 〉 Stipa bungeana Trin. 〉 Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. 〉 Thymus mongolicus Ronn. 〉 Hierochloe odorata （L.） Beauv. Clay, organic matter, and total N were the key factors that influenced the water stability of the aggregates. Total N and organic matter were the main factors that affected the water stability of the aggregates 〉 5 mm and 0.5-1 mm in size. The contents of Fe2O3, Al2O3, and physical clay （〈 0.01 mm） were the main factors which affected the water stability of the 1-2 and 0.25-0.5 mm aggregates.

Probabilistic modeling of soil moisture dynamics in a revegetated desert area

Soil moisture is the key link between land hydrological and ecological processes which plays an important role in the terrestrial water cycle. As extreme weather events have increased in recent years, the stochastic simulation of soil moisture has gradually become the focus of ecohydrology research. Based on continuous monitoring of soil moisture data from 2008 to 2011, and histor- ical precipitation data from 199l to 2011, combined with the Rodriguez-Iturbe soil moisture dynamic stochastic model, soil mois- ture dynamics and its probability density fimction in a revegetated desert area was simulated. Results show that annual soil mois- ture dynamic changes of the revegetated desert area during the growing season complied with rainfall distribution; soil moisture probability presents a single-peak distribution in the plant rhizosphere layer （0-60 cm）. The peak width in the 20 cm topsoil was wider than in other soils, and the distribution presented the strong fluctuations and multiple aggregates. The peak widths of 40 cm and 60 cm soil moisture probability distribution were small, which are in accordance with simulated results of the Rodri- guez-lturbe model. This confrms that the Rodriguez-Imrbe model has good applicability and can well simulate the statistical characteristics of soil moisture in an arid revegetated desert area.

Changes in soil properties and erodibility of gully heads induced by vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau, China

Soil erosion on the Loess Plateau of China is effectively controlled due to the implementation of several ecological restoration projects that improve soil properties and reduce soil erodibility. However, few studies have examined the effects of vegetation restoration on soil properties and erodibility of gully head in the gully regions of the Loess Plateau. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of vegetation restoration on soil properties and erodibility in this region. Specifically, a control site in a slope cropland and 9 sites in 3 restored land-use types （5 sites in grassland, 3 in woodland and 1 in shrubland） in the Nanxiaohegou watershed of a typical gully region on the Loess Plateau were selected, and soil and root samples were collected to assess soil properties and root characteristics. Soil erodibility factor was calculated by the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator method. Our results revealed that vegetation restoration increased soil sand content, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content and mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregate but decreased soil silt and clay contents and soil disintegration rate. A significant difference in soil erodibility was observed among different vegetation restoration patterns or land-use types. Compared with cropland, soil erodibility decreased in the restored lands by 3.99% to 21.43%. The restoration patterns of Cleistogenes caespitosa K. and Artemisia sacrorum L. in the grassland showed the lowest soil erodibility and can be considered as the optimal vegetation restoration pattern for improving soil anti-erodibility of the gully heads. Additionally, the negative linear change in soil erodibility for grassland with restoration time was faster than those of woodland and shrubland. Soil erodibility was significantly correlated with soil particle size distribution, soil disintegration rate, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, water-stable aggregate stability, organic matter content and root characteristics （including root average diameter, root length density, root surface density and root biomass density）, but it showed no association with soil bulk density and soil total porosity. These findings indicate that although vegetation destruction is a short-term process, returning the soil erodibility of cropland to the level of grassland, woodland and shrubland is a long-term process （8-50 years）.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ameliorate the chemical properties and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil in reclaimed mining subsidence in northwestern China

In semi-arid region of northwestern China, underground mining subsidence often results in decreased vegetation coverage, impoverishment of soil fertility and water stress. In addition, the physical-chemical and biological properties of soil also change, resulting in more susceptible to degradation. In particular, subsidence causes disturbance of the symbioses of plant and microbe that can play a beneficial role in the establishment of vegetation communities in degraded ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of revegetation with exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) inoculum on the chemical and biological properties of soil over time in mining subsidence areas. Soils were sampled at a depth up to 30 cm in the adjacent rhizosphere of Amorpha fruticose Linn. from five reclaimed vegetation communities in northwestern China. In August 2015, a field trial was set up with five historical revegetation experiments established in 2008(7-year), 2011(4-year), 2012(3-year), 2013(2-year) and 2014(1-year), respectively. Each reclamation experiment included two treatments, i.e., revegetation with exotic AMF inoculum(AMF) and non-AMF inoculum(the control). Root mycorrhizal colonization, glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP), soil organic carbon(SOC), soil nutrients, and enzyme activities were also assessed. The results showed that mycorrhizal colonization of inoculated plants increased by 33.3%–163.0% compared to that of non-inoculated plants(P<0.05). Revegetation with exotic AMF inoculum also significantly improved total GRSR(T-GRSP) and easily extracted GRSP(EE-GRSP) concentrations compared to control, besides the T-GRSP in 1-year experiment and the EE-GRSP in 2-year experiment. A significant increase in SOC content was only observed in 7-year AMF reclaimed soils compared to non-AMF reclaimed soils. Soil total N(TN), Olsen phosphorus(P) and available potassium(K) were significantly higher in inoculated soil after 1–7 years of reclamation(except for individual cases), and increased with reclamation time(besides soil Olsen P). The exotic AMF inoculum markedly increased the average soil invertase, catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase by 23.8%, 21.3%, 18.8% and 8.6%, respectively(P<0.01), compared with the control. Root mycorrhizal colonization was positively correlated with soil parameters(SOC, TN and soil available K) and soil enzyme activities(soil invertase, catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase) in both AMF and non-AMF reclaimed soils(P<0.05), excluding availableK in non-AMF reclaimed soils. T-GRSP(P<0.01) and EE-GRSP(P<0.05) were significantly correlated with the majority of edaphic factors, except for soil Olsen P. The positive correlation between root mycorrhizal colonization and available K was observed in AMF reclaimed soils, indicating that the AMF reclaimed soil with a high root mycorrhizal colonization could potentially accumulate available K in soils. Our findings concluded that revegetation with exotic AMF inoculum influenced soil nutrient availability and enzyme activities in the semi-arid ecosystem, suggesting that inoculating AMF can be an effective method to improve soil fertility and support restoration of vegetation communities under poor conditions like soil nutrient deficiency and drought.

Effects of Grassland Degradation and Re-vegetation on Carbon and Nitrogen Storage in the Soils of the Headwater Area Nature Reserve on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Both overgrazing and climate change contribute to grassland degradation in the alpine regions of China and negatively affect soil carbon and nitrogen pools. We quantified changes in soil organic carbon （SOC） and total nitrogen （TN） in black soil beach （BSB）. We measured SOC and TN in severely degraded and non-degraded grasslands to calculate differences in carbon and nitrogen storage, and field survey results were extrapolated to the entire headwaters area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （36.3xlos krn~） to determine SOC and TN losses from these grasslands. We also evaluated changes in SOC and TN in severely degraded grasslands that were artificially re-vegetated five, seven and nine years ago. Totally 92.43 Tg C and 7.08 Tg N were lost from the BSB in the headwater area, which was approximately 50% of the original C and N soil pools. Re-vegetation of the degraded grasslands in the headwater area would result in a gain of 32.71 Tg C in the soil after five years, a loss of 5.5a Tg C after seven years and an increase of 44.15 Tg C after nine years. The TN increased by 53.09% and 59.98% after five and nine years, respectively, while it decreased by 4.92% after seven years of re-vegetation. The results indicate that C and N stocks followed a ＂V＂ shaped pattern with re- vegetation time. Understanding plant-soil interactions during succession of artificially planting grassland ecosystems is essential for developing scientifically sound management strategies for the effectively re-vegetated BSB.

Normal Alkane Distributions in Soil Samples along a Lhasa-Bharatpur Transect

We present n-alkane distributions in the soil samples along a transect from Lhasa on the Tibetan Plateau to Bharatpur in Nepal, which covers a large geographical area and a wide range of climatic conditions. These data allow us to assess the significance of n-alkane distributions in different vegetation types and their relationships to temperature and precipitation. In the tropical rainforest and broadleaved forest zones, n-alkanes exhibit a bimodal distribution pattern with dominant homologues around n-C_（31） and n-C_（23）. The bimodal distribution of tropical rainforest n-alkanes may be a general pattern because of the presence of many lianas, epiphytic plants, algae and the strong microbial activity and degradation involved in the postdepositional process. In the warm-temperate mixed forest and needle-leaved forest zones, the long-chain alkanes have a pattern of n-C_（31） n-C_（33） n-C_（27）. In the alpine shrub and grassland zone, although the most abundant homologue is n-C_（31） , relatively high n-C_（23） concentrations have also been observed in some samples. The statistical results show a good correlation between n-alkane proxies and climatic factors. The average chain length（ACL） values are positively correlated with precipitation and temperature across the transect. The carbon preference index（CPI） values show a negative correlation with temperature and precipitation along a Lhasa–Bharatpur transect. Although there is a positive relationship between ACL and temperature, it is difficult to separate the two climatic variables（temperature and precipitation） because they are well coupled in the monsoon region.

Acyclic Alkanes in the Soil over Heshang Cave in Qingjiang, Hubei Province

The reports that relate to the biomarker＇s fate and characteristics of the modern soil in the karst area are very lacking. By using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, a series of biomarkers were identified from the soils collected over Heshang cave （和尚洞） in Qingjiang （清江）, Hubei （湖北） Province. The distribution of n-alkanes is mainly from C2s to C33 in carbon number, with a maximum at C31. They have a strong odd-over-even carbon number predominance. These characteristics represent an input mainly from higher plants. The lipid parameters, including CPIh （carbon preference index）, Rb/t（ratio of lower- to higher-molecular-weight homologues） and ACL （average chain length）, show comparable trends with depth, probably reflecting vegetation change and microbial degradation. Series of monomethylalkanes and diploptene are present in the extractable organic matter; they might be derived from soil microbes, cyanobacteria in particular.

Characterization of aliphatic hydrocarbons in deep subsurface soils near the outskirts of Beijing, China

Thirty-nine deep subsurface soils(150—180 cm depth) near the outskirts of Beijing were investagated. The concentrations including n-alkanes from C_ 13 to C_ 36, pristane and phytane were in the range of 0.60 to 170.10 μg/g, with a median value of 4.26. Carbon preference index values for n-alkanes ranged from 1.08 to 2.98, with a median value of 1.48. The percentage contribution of “wax' n-alkanes was in the range of 6.03%—46.22%. A predominance of odd/even carbon n-alkanes and unresolved complex mixtures with different shapes and ranges were frequently observed. Factor analysis reduced the data set into three principal components and confirming contributions from low(19.58%), medium(20.49%) molecular weight species and long-chain n-alkanes(43.41%), respectively. Molecular biomarkers such as pristane, phytane, hopanes and steranes were detected. Based on the principal component analysis, the concentration profiles and molecular markers, it was found that the aliphatic hydrocarbons were from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources.

人工植被重建对沙化高寒草地土壤真菌群落特征的影响

采用实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative real-time PCR)和Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术研究了天然草地(NG)、沙化草地(DG)、草本人工草地(AG)和人工灌丛植被(AS)四种不同草地类型的表层(0~10 cm)土壤真菌群落的生物量、多样性和结构,以揭示不同人工植被恢复措施对沙化高寒草地土壤真菌群落恢复的影响及其驱动因子。结果表明:1)草地沙化显著(P<0.05)降低了真菌群落的生物量和α多样性,人工植被重建则明显促进了二者的恢复,22年后与NG无显著差异。2)草地沙化和人工植被重建均极显著(P=0.001)改变了真菌群落结构。草地沙化后,担子菌门相对丰度显著(P<0.05)下降,一些稀有真菌趋于消失,而未分类真菌门的相对丰度则显著(P<0.01)增加。经过22年的生态恢复,绝大多数真菌门的相对丰度与NG无显著差异;AG与NG的真菌群落结构比AS与NG更为相似。3)真菌群落α多样性与植被和土壤属性之间的相关关系因多样性指数的不同而异,而其群落结构与大多数植被和土壤属性极显著(P<0.01)正相关,植被和土壤属性二者结合解释了21.4%~50.0%的真菌群落结构变化。以上结果表明,人工植被重建22年后,沙化高寒草地真菌群落的多样性和相对丰度基本得以恢复,但其群落结构与天然草地的相似度仍不高,而利用草本植物进行沙化高寒草地的恢复比灌木物种更有利于土壤真菌群落结构的恢复。

黄河砒砂岩区生态治理关键技术研究

砒砂岩区是黄河流域生态最脆弱、复合侵蚀最严重的粗泥沙集中来源的核心区,为实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展国家战略确立的生态保护重大目标,迫切需要创新砒砂岩区生态治理关键技术。针对砒砂岩区生态退化和复合侵蚀的治理问题,通过典型抽样调查、遥感解译统计、室内水化与力学试验、野外原位观测与示范验证等多种方法,重点研发了砒砂岩区生态治理若干关键技术。介绍了砒砂岩区块体状重力侵蚀治理、砒砂岩改性材料谷坊建造、砒砂岩煤矸石改性利用、砒砂岩质地土壤改良提质、生态综合治理模式等的关键技术原理与内容,以及这些技术的示范应用效果;展望了砒砂岩区生态治理理论与技术研究的发展方向,为砒砂岩区生态治理提供科技支撑,并推进脆弱生态区治理技术的深化研究。

咸水滴灌对盐地碱蓬生育规律的影响

盐生植物是资源化利用盐碱地和地下咸水的有效工具,对干旱半干旱区重度盐渍生境的植被建设和生态恢复有重要意义。本研究以盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)为研究对象,开展为期1年的咸水滴灌定位试验,共设5个灌溉梯度(CK、10、20、30、40 g·L^(-1)),研究咸水滴灌下盐地碱蓬的生长规律。结果表明:盐地碱蓬的耐盐性随生育期进程逐渐增强。盐地碱蓬在萌发期和幼苗生长阶段对盐最为敏感,可以选择成苗率作为评价盐地碱蓬耐盐性的指标。花蕾期-结实期是盐地碱蓬干物质累积的主要时期,在这一时期前增加水肥投入可保证植株地上部的长势和产量,从而提升土壤改良效果。盐地碱蓬具有较强的耐盐性,可用于干旱半干旱地区重度盐碱荒地的植被重建和景观建设。

Latitudinal variations of CPI values of long-chain n-alkanes in surface soils:Evidence for CPI as a proxy of aridity

Carbon preference index (CPI) of long-chain n-alkanes preserved in surface soil increases gradually from southeastern China to the north margin of Loess Plateau.Along this latitudinal transect,the CPI value correlates to relative humidity,precipitation,and temperature with a negative linear relationship,respectively,whereas the correlation of CPI to temperature is relatively weak.In the Wuyi,Shennongjia,and Tianshan Mountains,CPI values do not change systemically with altitude increasing (or temperature decreasing).However,mean value of CPI for the individual mountain increases in turn from the humid mountain to the arid.These results jointly suggest that aridity (or humidity) is a dominate climate factor in altering soil CPI value.High CPI values of geological records therefore indicate the arid paleoclimate.Though long-chain n-alkanes in soil are derived mainly from leaf wax of terrestrial vascular plants,the regular latitudinal variations of soil CPI might not be caused by the change of vegetation.We speculate that increased long-chain n-alkanes from microbes and/or enhanced biodegradation in the humid climate lead to the decrease of soil CPI.

Impacts of revegetation management modes on soil properties and vegetation ecological restoration in degraded sandy grassland in farming-pastoral ecotone

Focusing on the impact of various vegetation management modes on sandy grassland's soil property and vegetation ecological restoration of farming-pastoral ecotone,field surveys and lab analysis were conducted to study the correlation between the characteristics of soil properties and vegetation ecological restoration under four different vegetation management modes,i.e.,unenclosed natural restoration,enclosed natural restoration,unenclosed artificial restoration and enclosed artificial restoration,which have a restoration history of 15 years in the southern edge of the degraded sandy land area of Mu Us Desert in Leilongwan Town,Hengshan County,Shaanxi Province.After 15 years of vegetation restoration,these four vegetation management modes all proved to be useful for improving the vegetation ecological restoration and the soil quality of the degraded sandy grassland not only by enhancing the aboveground vegetation height,coverage and biomass but also increasing the content of soil clay,organic matter,CEC,total nitrogen,available nutrient while reducing soil bulk density.The vegetation ecological restoration effect and soil quality under enclosed or artificial restoration management are better than those of unenclosed or natural restoration management;and the most satisfactory vegetation ecological restoration effects and soil quality can be achieved under the integration of enclosed and artificial restoration management.Severely degraded sandy grassland,during the vegetation restoration,would form an interactional coordinating relationship with the vegetation and soil properties.Vegetation properties as height,coverage and biomass have significant positive correlations with organic matter,CEC,total nitrogen and available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contained in soil.Only the adoption of the strict enclosure system,implementation of aggressive artificial vegetation restoration measures and the realization of the regurgitation-feeding policy of industry towards husbandry can guarantee the gradual restoration of degraded sandy grassland in farming-pastoral ecotone,so that it can continue to play the role of ecological protective screen.

Compound-specific hydrogen isotopes of long-chain n-alkanes extracted from topsoil under a grassland ecosystem in northern China

To investigate characteristics of H isotope variation in long-chain n-alkanes （δDn-alkanes） from higher plants in surface soils under a single ecosystem, 12 samples from a basalt regolith were randomly collected from Damaping in Wanquan County of Zhangjiakou in North China. Molecular distribution and C （δ^13Cn-alkanes） and H isotopes of long-chain n-alkanes, as well as C isotopes of TOC （δ^13CTOC）, were analyzed. Both δ^13CTOC and δ^13Cn-alkanes values from four representative dominant long-chain n-alkanes （n-C27, n-C29, n-C31, n-C33） derived from terrestrial higher plants show minor variations among the 12 samples, indicating the major contributor is from local grasses with a uniform C3 photosynthetic pathway. In contrast, variations in δ^13Cn-alkanes values of the four long-chain n-alkanes are relatively large, with the more abundant homologs generally showing more negative δDn-alkanes values and less variation. However, variation of 〈30‰ among weighted averaged δDn-alkanes values of the four long-chain n-alkanes is not only less than that among δDn-alkanes values for different modern terrestrial C3 grasses from the specific locations, but also less than the literature values of δDn-alkanes of long-chain n-alkanes for single species over different seasons. Thus, because the sources of long-chain n-alkanes in surface soils and sediments are similarly from multiple individual plants, our results are significant in confirming that paleoclimatic, paleoenvironmental and paleohydrological information can be interpreted more accurately from δDn-alkanes values of long-chain n-alkanes from sediments, particularly terrestrial sediments with organic matter derived from in-situ plants.

引入土壤种子库对铅锌尾矿废弃地植被恢复的作用

检测了丢荒旱作地土壤种子库，其种子含量为（６８５０±３７７）·ｍ－２，共有４１种植物。其中９２．７％的种和 ７５． ８％的种子是分布在 ０～２ ｃｍ的表层中。从丢荒旱作地采挖 １０ ｃｍ深的表层土壤，以 １ｃｍ， ２ ｃｍ， ４ ｃｍ和 ８ ｃｍ 等４种不同厚度分别铺放在铅锌矿尾矿废弃地试验小区上。尽管由于铺土厚度不同，各小区所含有的土壤种子库 中的种子数量也不同，但４种铺土处理试验，其幼苗平均数量分别为每平方米８８３± ４３４，９９５± １５８，１２４２± ３２７ 和８０３±３１株，经检验差异不显著，而不铺放表土的对照区则没有幼苗生长。可见，如果仅仅是作为提供种子资源 而引入土壤种子库，则铺放 １ｃｍ的表土就已足够。然而，经过１年以后，在铺放表土厚度为１ｃｍ， ２ ｃｍ和 ４ ｃｍ处 理上的幼苗全部死亡，只有铺放 ８ ｃｍ厚度表土的小区上实现了植被恢复，共有 １５种植物成功定居，其中有 １１种开 花结果，盖度达１００％。这说明了较薄的表土不足以有效阻隔尾矿与大气的接触，减缓酸化，以及缓冲尾矿酸化的影 响，此外较薄的表土也无法提供植物根系足够的生长空间。因此，如能预先铺放一层阻隔层，如底土、馀坭、垃圾之 类。

植被重建对露天煤矿排土场土壤酶活性的影响

植被重建是露天煤矿排土场生态恢复的关键措施,深入了解植被建设对土壤酶活性的影响,对于合理选择适宜于矿区生态恢复的人工植被和加速矿区土壤生态恢复具有重要意义。通过野外调查采样和室内分析,研究了黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场植被重建和恢复对浅层(0—20 cm)土壤酶活性(包括3种氧化还原酶:过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶,4种水解酶:蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、纤维素酶)的影响。结果表明:相比未进行植被建设的新排土场裸地,植被重建显著改善了土壤酶活性和理化性质,建植18a后土壤酶活性可恢复到天然植被区的65%—76%,水解酶恢复速率(平均为86.9%)快于氧化还原酶(平均为42.7%),其中土壤磷酸酶恢复速率最快(平均为天然植被区的154.7%),其次为蔗糖酶(74.3%)、纤维素酶(59.9%)、脲酶(58.5%)、过氧化氢酶(52.1%)和脱氢酶(38.1%),多酚氧化酶恢复最慢(为37.8%)。植被恢复进程中,建植10a期土壤酶活性年均恢复速率最快(平均为6.0%/a),15a变缓(4.8%/a),18a迅速降低(3.2%/a)。同时植被配置类型对土壤酶活性影响显著,土壤酶活性与土壤主要理化因子具有较高的相关性。上述结果反映了植被重建能显著改善矿区排土场的土壤酶活性,植被恢复进程中水解酶恢复速率快于氧化还原酶,恢复初期快于后期,但土壤酶活性的恢复需要一个漫长的过程。

生物土壤结皮的生态功能

Biological soil crust exists in desertification-prone areas.This paper focuses on ecological function of biological soil crust,including water relations,soil stabilization,carbon and nitrogen fixation,albedo and effects on vascular plants.Some preliminary suggestions are given for further understanding the relationship between biological soil crust and revegetation of degraded ecosystem in desertification-prone areas in Northwestern China.

露天煤矿土地复垦生物多样性保护与恢复研究进展

露天煤矿开采损毁大量土地资源,同时引发植被受损、景观结构功能遭到破坏和生物多样性降低等一系列生态环境问题,已成为制约矿区可持续发展乃至区域生态安全的重大隐患。土地复垦是对损毁土地采取整治措施,使其达到可供利用状态的活动,也是生物多样性的恢复过程。因此,露天煤矿土地复垦生物多样性保护与恢复研究对促进矿区经济和生态环境协调发展具有重要意义。简要介绍了生物多样性内涵和研究热点,以及露天煤矿开采复垦过程中生物多样性扰动与恢复特征,重点阐述了露天煤矿生物多样性保护中的多样性调查、监测和评价以及受损评估和预测研究进展。同时,重点论述了露天煤矿土地复垦生物多样性恢复中的土壤生境再造、植被重建以及复垦土地景观结构与生态功能的研究进展。阐释了露天煤矿土地复垦生物多样性保护与恢复的相关法规政策。最后展望了未来露天煤矿土地复垦生物多样性保护与恢复领域的研究重点,以期为推动该领域进一步研究提供思路。

植被恢复重建对环境影响的研究进展

植被恢复重建是改善生态环境的重要途径。在综述已有研究的基础上,就植被恢复重建对水文过程、土壤环境、生物多样性、侵蚀产沙等方面的影响的研究进展进行了较为详细的评述,认为目前的研究存在研究尺度较小、方法不统一、缺乏系统性等不足,提出针对我国大规模植被恢复重建的可能的研究方向。