Salt stress is one of the most harmful environmental stresses in recent times and represents a significant threat to food security. Soil salinization is caused by spontaneous natural processes of mineral dissolution a...Salt stress is one of the most harmful environmental stresses in recent times and represents a significant threat to food security. Soil salinization is caused by spontaneous natural processes of mineral dissolution and human activities such as inappropriate irrigation practices. Natural geological progressions like weathering of rocks, arid climate, and higher evaporation, as well as anthropogenic activities, including the use of brackish water for irrigation, and poor tillage operations, are the foremost causes of soil salinization. Typical characteristics of saline soils are salt stress, high pH, and lack of organic carbon, as well as low availability of nutrients. Disruption of precipitation patterns as well as high average annual temperatures due to climate change additionally negatively affects the process of soil salinization. Productivity and ability to support crop growth are reduced on saline soil. Salinity-induced stress reduces plant growth by modulating the antioxidative system and nutrient orchestration. The aim of this work is to show that the mentioned problems can be alleviated in several ways such as the addition of biochar, exogenous application of several elicitors, seed priming, etc. Research has shown that the addition of biochar can significantly improve the recovery of saline soil. The addition of biochar has no significant effect on soil pH, while the cation exchange capacity of the soil increased by 17%, and the electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract decreased by 13.2% (depends on the initial salinity and the type of biochar raw material). Moreover, biochar enriched with silicon increases the resistance of bananas to salt stress. In addition, exogenous application of several elicitors helps plants to alleviate stress by inducing stress-related physicochemical and molecular changes (selenium, sulfur, silicon, salicylic acid). Finally, seed priming showed positive effects on metabolomics, proteomics and growth of plants subjected to abiotic stress. Priming usually involves immersing the seed in a solution for a period of time to induce physiological and metabolic progression prior to germination.展开更多
基于青海盐渍土地区埋地钢筋混凝土板现场模型试验,研究了考虑温度影响的盐渍土盐胀作用下钢筋混凝土板内及其表面的应力变化规律,并将其定义为“盐胀应力”。利用钢筋混凝土板内外应变监测结果,通过理论分析得出盐胀应力计算公式。基于...基于青海盐渍土地区埋地钢筋混凝土板现场模型试验,研究了考虑温度影响的盐渍土盐胀作用下钢筋混凝土板内及其表面的应力变化规律,并将其定义为“盐胀应力”。利用钢筋混凝土板内外应变监测结果,通过理论分析得出盐胀应力计算公式。基于Sum of sine函数模型将1年周期内盐胀应力的变化过程以及相对应的盐胀作用划分为发展阶段、稳定阶段、下降阶段3个阶段。其中发展阶段为每年10月至次年2月,温度变化范围为0~10℃,在该温度范围内,随着温度降低,盐胀应力不断增加,说明盐胀现象愈为强烈。对青海盐渍土地区的埋地结构物设计提出了建议,以期最大程度地减少盐渍土对埋地结构物的破坏。展开更多
文摘Salt stress is one of the most harmful environmental stresses in recent times and represents a significant threat to food security. Soil salinization is caused by spontaneous natural processes of mineral dissolution and human activities such as inappropriate irrigation practices. Natural geological progressions like weathering of rocks, arid climate, and higher evaporation, as well as anthropogenic activities, including the use of brackish water for irrigation, and poor tillage operations, are the foremost causes of soil salinization. Typical characteristics of saline soils are salt stress, high pH, and lack of organic carbon, as well as low availability of nutrients. Disruption of precipitation patterns as well as high average annual temperatures due to climate change additionally negatively affects the process of soil salinization. Productivity and ability to support crop growth are reduced on saline soil. Salinity-induced stress reduces plant growth by modulating the antioxidative system and nutrient orchestration. The aim of this work is to show that the mentioned problems can be alleviated in several ways such as the addition of biochar, exogenous application of several elicitors, seed priming, etc. Research has shown that the addition of biochar can significantly improve the recovery of saline soil. The addition of biochar has no significant effect on soil pH, while the cation exchange capacity of the soil increased by 17%, and the electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract decreased by 13.2% (depends on the initial salinity and the type of biochar raw material). Moreover, biochar enriched with silicon increases the resistance of bananas to salt stress. In addition, exogenous application of several elicitors helps plants to alleviate stress by inducing stress-related physicochemical and molecular changes (selenium, sulfur, silicon, salicylic acid). Finally, seed priming showed positive effects on metabolomics, proteomics and growth of plants subjected to abiotic stress. Priming usually involves immersing the seed in a solution for a period of time to induce physiological and metabolic progression prior to germination.
文摘基于青海盐渍土地区埋地钢筋混凝土板现场模型试验,研究了考虑温度影响的盐渍土盐胀作用下钢筋混凝土板内及其表面的应力变化规律,并将其定义为“盐胀应力”。利用钢筋混凝土板内外应变监测结果,通过理论分析得出盐胀应力计算公式。基于Sum of sine函数模型将1年周期内盐胀应力的变化过程以及相对应的盐胀作用划分为发展阶段、稳定阶段、下降阶段3个阶段。其中发展阶段为每年10月至次年2月,温度变化范围为0~10℃,在该温度范围内,随着温度降低,盐胀应力不断增加,说明盐胀现象愈为强烈。对青海盐渍土地区的埋地结构物设计提出了建议,以期最大程度地减少盐渍土对埋地结构物的破坏。