Quality Evaluation of Leontopodium franchetii Beauv. from Different Localities Based on Moisture,Ash and Extract Contents and Thin-layer Chromatography

[Objectives] The aim was to determine the moisture,ash and extract contents in Leontopodium franchetii Beauv. from different localities. [Methods] The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract in L. franchetii from different localities were determined according to the methods described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 Edition). [Results] In the 10 samples,the contents of moisture were all less than or equal to 15. 0%; the contents of total ash were all below 12. 0%; and the contents of acid-insoluble ash were all less than 3. 0%. The contents of water-soluble extract( by cold-soaked extraction method) in the samples were all below 12. 0% except those from Hongyuan Prairie of Sichuan Province and Xinglong Mountain in Lanzhou City,Gansu Province. [Conclusions]The contents of the four indicators measured in this experiment varied by small margins,indicating that the quality was relatively stable. This study provides theoretical data for the revision of the quality standards for L. franchetii.

Separation of Amino Acids Based on Thin-Layer Chromatography by a Novel Quinazoline Based Anti-Microbial Agent

A newly designed quinazoline based compound, 6-pyridin-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c] quinazoline (PDBIQ) has shown the ability for the easy detection of nineteen amino acids on thin-layer chromatography plates as a spray reagent. This new reagent enabled to produce various distinguishable colors with amino acids with different RF values. The detection limits and the binding ability of PDBIQ with amino acids have been calculated. PDBIQ is also able to detect aminoacids from hydrolised seed protein. The title compound also exhibited profound inhibitory action against some gm (+ve) and gm (-ve) bacterial organisms. This paper deals with synthesis, spectroscopic application and biological evaluation of the organic moity.

ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PLACENTA BY ^(31)P NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY SCANNING COMBINED WITH THE CORRECTIVE METHOD OF ABSORBANCE PROPORTIONAL COEFFICIENT

Five phospholipids in human placenta were determined by phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(31)P NMR)spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography(TLC) scanning combined with the corrective method of absorbance proportional coefficient. The NMR spectrometer used this investigation was a Bruker AM-500 spectrometer operating at 202.4 MHz for ^(31)P chemical shifts are relative to 85% phosphoric acid. TIC was carried out by silica gel H plate developed in chloroform-methanol-glacial acetic acid-ethanol-water(25:4:6:2:0.5),with Vaskovsky reagent as colour -developing agent of phospholipids.

Determination of Tetracyclines and Their Epimers in Agricultural Soil Fertilized with Swine Manure by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A rapid, sensitive and specific ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS） method was developed for the analysis of tetracycline antibiotics, including tetracycline （TC）, oxytetracycline （OTC）, chlortetracycline （CTC） and their 4-epimers （4-epiTCs） in agricultural soil fertilized with swine manure. Soil samples were extracted and cleaned-up with 10 mL EDTA-McIlvaine buffer solution （pH 4.0）, then cleaned-up and pre-concentrated using the Oasis MAX cartridge and then eluted with 1 mL solution by mixing formic acid, methanol and water at a ratio of 2：15：83 （v/v/v）. The purified samples were separated by an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid mobile phase and detected by a single quadrupole MS. The limits of detection for the soil extraction method （LODsoil） ranged from 0.6-2.5 lag kg-~ with recoveries from 23.3-159.2%. Finally, the method was applied to an agricultural field in an area with intensive pig-fattening farming. Tetracyclines were detected in soil from 2.8 to 42.4 μg kg-1 soil. These results demonstrate that soil from swine farms can become severely contaminated with tetracycline antibiotics and their metabolites.

Pesticides Recovery and Detection from Agricultural Soil Leachates Using Gas Chromatography Masses with Electron Capture Detector

In this study, it is reported an analytical approach to recover organochlorine pesticides from a clay soil. Soil was physical and chemically characterized. Also pesticides extraction was carried out using packed columns and various aqueous media (H2O-milliQ, NaOH, HCl, SDS, Triton X-114, Humic acids and Acetonitrile). The leachate samples were analyzed on an Agilent Technologies 6890N Gas Chromatograph with electron capture in a# AB002 Column 30.0 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm calibrated, 25 psi pressure, flow 2.9 ml/min, temperature 25°C, ultra-high purity Helium as the entrainment gas and an elution time of 50 min. The results show that the highest extraction percentage of pollutants in the soil washing was obtained with acetonitrile recovering: p, p’-DDT (91.0%);p, p’-DDE (92.0%);p, p’-DDD (96.0%);aldrin (98.6%);dieldrin (98.0%). With Triton X-114, the extractions recovery was: p, p’-DDT (63.0%);p, p’-DDE (64.0%);p, p’-DDD (65.0%);aldrin (67.0%);dieldrin (72.0%). This study illustrates the potential Applicability of SPME for routine analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soils.

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤、沉积物和水中3种新型除草剂残留

除草剂在杂草和有害植物防控上发挥着重要的作用,但其有效利用率低,大量除草剂进入环境中,对生态环境和人类健康构成了潜在威胁,因此建立环境样品中除草剂的残留分析方法尤为重要。该文采用电喷雾正离子源模式,建立了液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定土壤、沉积物和水中异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺和苯嘧磺草胺残留量的方法。土壤和沉积物样品经乙腈振荡提取、盐析后经C18固相萃取小柱净化,水样过滤后经C_(18)固相萃取小柱净化;再用LC-MS/MS测定样品中异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺和苯嘧磺草胺的残留量。实验优化了仪器检测和前处理条件,考察了方法的线性关系、基质效应、检出限和定量限,并选取4种土壤、2种沉积物和水样进行了方法验证。在0.0005~0.02 mg/L范围内,异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺、苯嘧磺草胺的线性关系均良好,r≥0.9961。3种除草剂在土壤、沉积物和水中的基质效应为-10.1%~16.5%。异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺和苯嘧磺草胺的检出限分别为0.05、0.02、0.01μg/kg,定量限分别为0.2、0.05、0.05μg/kg。异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺和苯嘧磺草胺在土壤、沉积物和水样中3个水平(0.005、0.1、2.0 mg/kg)下的加标回收率分别为77.2%~101.9%、77.9%~105.1%、80.8%~107.1%;相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.4%~12.8%、1.2%~7.7%、1.5%~11.5%。结果表明:本方法操作简单,方法稳定,定量准确,实用性强,可用于土壤、沉积物和水中异噁唑草酮、吡唑草胺和苯嘧磺草胺残留量的检测。

基于响应面法的基质固相分散萃取土壤中有机磷阻燃剂

有机磷阻燃剂(OPFRs)被广泛添加于商业品和日用品中,由于具有环境持久性、生物富集性和潜在毒性,已成为一种新兴的持久性有机污染物。因此需要建立能准确定量环境中OPFRs的检测方法。该文基于基质固相分散萃取(MSPD),结合气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法测定土壤中10种有机磷阻燃剂,筛选对OPFRs具有高选择性的吸附剂,最终确定MSPD最佳萃取条件。该文基于单因素分析法考察了常见吸附剂(C18、PSA、Florisil、石墨化炭黑(GCB)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT))及其用量、洗脱溶剂及其体积、研磨时间对OPFRs萃取效率的影响。在此结果基础上,进一步利用响应面法(RSM)考察了3个关键因素(吸附剂用量、洗脱剂用量和研磨时间)以及交互作用对OPFRs萃取效率的影响。最终确定最优条件:吸附剂GCB,用量0.3 g;洗脱溶剂乙酸乙酯,用量10 mL;研磨时间5 min,此时10种OPFR的萃取效率为87.5%。在GC-MS/MS的多反应监测模式(MRM)下,以13C-PCB208为内标物进行定量。10种OPFRs在6个浓度梯度下,获得较好的线性,相关系数大于0.998。该方法的LOD和LOQ分别为0.006~0.161 ng/g和0.020~0.531 ng/g。在最佳条件下,加标土壤中OPFRs的加标回收率为70.4%~115.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~6.7%。将该方法用于苏州不同功能土壤中OPFRs的含量测定,结果表明电子厂和汽修厂土壤中OPFRs总含量显著高于稻田土和校园土,电子厂和汽修厂土壤中主要污染物为磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯(TCIPP)、三苯基氧化膦(TPPO)、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)和磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(TDCPP),它们在电子厂土壤中含量分别为5.30、4.44、4.54、4.20 ng/g,在汽修厂土壤中的含量分别2.70、3.93、7.60、5.04 ng/g。目前关于TPPO的土壤污染报道较少,该研究在苏州工业区土壤中检出了高浓度TPPO污染。该方法成功用于土壤中10种OPFRs的检测。

真空冻干/快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中35种不同种类半挥发性有机物

建立了真空冻干/快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定土壤中35种不同种类半挥发性有机物(SVOCs)的方法。样品经真空冷冻脱水、快速溶剂萃取、旋转蒸发浓缩以及固相萃取SPE小柱净化后,氮吹定容,采用GC-MS上机测定。结果表明:土壤中35种SVOCs在10~1000μg/L范围内线性相关系数r^(2)≥0.991,方法检出限为0.034~0.40μg/kg,方法定量限为0.14~1.20μg/kg;以空白样品为基体进行加标回收实验,所得加标回收率为71.2%~113%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=7)为0.38%~13.3%,替代物荧蒽-D 10回收率为84.0%~92.5%;经实际样品检测验证,该方法灵敏、快速、准确可靠,适用于土壤中35种不同种类SVOCs的分析检测。

液相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中的溴敌隆

本研究建立了乙醇超声提取后直接上机测定土壤中溴敌隆的液相色谱-串联质谱法。基于多反应监测离子对信息以及保留时间完成目标物的定性分析,根据定量离子对的峰面积采用外标法进行定量分析。结果表明,溴敌隆在0.5~100 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.99;方法的检出限为0.795 ng/g,定量限为2.55 ng/g;平均回收率为88.4%~93.9%,相对标准偏差为3.1%~6.7%。本方法灵敏度高、准确性好、样品用量少且操作简单,适用于土壤中溴敌隆的定性定量分析,可为评估环境土壤中的溴敌隆残留提供技术支持。

高效液相色谱串联质谱法分析沉积物中壬基酚和双酚A

建立并优化了基于超高相液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱技术测定沉积物中壬基酚和双酚A含量的方法。沉积物样品经HLB-SPE萃取柱处理后,以甲醇-5 mmol甲酸铵为流动相,通过Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD超高效液相色谱柱进行分离和分析,选择电喷雾离子源,多反应监测负离子模式下进行测定。结果表明,壬基酚和双酚A在质量浓度5~100μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,R^(2)≥0.99,检出限范围为0.066~0.14μg/L,平均回收率为88.9%~105%,精密度为2.97%~8.20%。方法的选择性、灵敏度及准确性均良好,可实现沉积物中壬基酚和双酚A含量的同时准确测定。

园林土壤中氯氰菊酯残留量测定的不确定度评定分析

不确定度评定分析对于检测方法的改进和定量评价检测结果的质量具有重要意义。采用分散固相萃取-气相色谱法测定园林土壤中氯氰菊酯的残留量,对测定过程中产生不确定度的主要来源进行分析,包括样品重复测量、标准溶液配制、标准曲线拟合、样品称量和前处理、回收率和气相色谱仪测定,并对各分量进行量化、合成与扩展。结果显示,氯氰菊酯农药在0.10 mg/kg添加水平下,各分量的相对标准不确定度分别为7.03×10^(-3),3.00×10^(-2),1.63×10^(-2),8.17×10^(-3),1.12×10^(-2),1.32×10^(-2)和8.66×10^(-3);相对合成标准不确定度为9.72×10^(-3),扩展不确定度为0.0018 mg/kg;当置信水平为95%(k=2)时,测定结果可表示为(0.090±0.0018)mg/kg。通过评定发现,不确定度的主要影响因素是标准溶液的配制、标准曲线的拟合和回收率,提示在样品检测过程中需严格控制这几个环节。该研究为分散固相萃取-气相色谱技术测定园林土壤中氯氰菊酯残留量检测方法的改进和检测结果的评价提供了参考。

快速滤过型净化结合气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法同时检测土壤中23种有机氯农药

本文建立了快速滤过型净化(m-PFC)结合气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(CC-MS/MS)同时测定土壤中23种有机氯农药(OCPs)的方法。对影响OCPs回收率的主要因素进行优化,得出最优的萃取条件:2次静态萃取循环,每次静态萃取5min,100℃的萃取温度,正己烷/丙酮(1:1,V/V)为萃取液。研究发现了适合佛罗里硅土柱净化的洗脱液配比,比较了佛罗里硅土柱净化和m-PFC净化对土壤萃取液的净化效果,结果表明,m-PFC净化能减少前处理流程,提高前处理效率,且有较高回收率。23种OCPs在相应的范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r^(2))均大于0.995,加标回收率为81.7%~112%,RSD为0.6%~5.8%,当取样量为20.00 g时,方法的检出限为0.004~0.029μg·kg^(-1),定量下限为0.016~0.116μg·kg^(-1)。

Bio-screening and quantification of methyl paraben in vinegar and coconut juice separated by HPTLC

As a widely used food preservative,methyl paraben was experimentally evidenced with serious hormonelike adverse effects.Herein,a high performance thin-layer chromatography platformed bioluminescent bioautography and image analysis for the selective quantification and confirmation of methyl paraben was proposed and validated in vinegar and coconut juice.First,the detectability of the bioautography to the analyte on different layer materials was estimated,revealing that normal silica gel was the best choice.After that,the liquid of sample extract and working solution were separated to overcome the background noises due to co-extracted matrices.The separation result was then coupled to the optimized bioautography,enabling instant and straightforward screening of the targeted conpound.For accurate quantification,bioluninescent inhibition pattern caused by the analyte was processed by image analysis,giving useful sensitivity(LOD>16 mg/kg),precision(RSD<10.1%)and accuracy(spike-recovery rate 76.9%-112.2%).Finally,the suspected result was confirmed by determining its MS fingerprint,further strengthening the reliability of screening.

TLC Identification and Extraction Process of Rubiasin-1-methyl Ether from Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu

[Objectives]To establish a thin-layer chromatography(TLC)method for the determination of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu(Damnacanthus giganteus).[Methods]A silica gel G thin-layer plate was adopted for TLC.Petroleum ether(60-90℃)-chloroform-methanol-water(7:15:3:1)was used as the developing solvent and inspected under ultraviolet lamp(365 nm).The content was determined by Inertsil ODS-3 C 18 column(4.60 mm×250 mm,5μm),mobile phase:acetonitrile-0.2%phosphoric acid gradient elution,detection wavelength 277 nm,flow rate 1.0 mL/min,column temperature 30℃,injection volume 10μL.[Results]The spots of 10 Chuanlianzhu samples from different origins showed the same color at the same position as the control,and the spots were clear and specific.The injection volume of rubiadin-1-methyl ether showed a good linear relationship in the range of 2.90-145μg(R=0.9996).The average recovery rate of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in the low,medium and high dose groups of Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu was 98.72%,and RSD=1.78%.[Conclusions]This method can effectively identify Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu medicinal materials and accurately determine the content of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in the medicinal materials.It provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu medicinal resources.

气相色谱法检测红树林湿地土壤中氯/溴代多环芳烃

建立了气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)法检测红树林湿地土壤中18种氯/溴代多环芳烃(Cl/Br-PAHs)同类物,探究了土壤样品的前处理方法,并验证了方法的有效性.该方法的检出限和加标回收率分别为0.21~3.75ng/g dw和64.9%~106.4%,相对标准偏差为0.42%~14.13%.与GC-MS方法相比,GC-ECD方法对于多数Cl/Br-PAHs的准确度和灵敏度相当,且该方法稳定性更好,测定成本更低,可以满足湿地土壤中Cl/Br-PAHs的定性定量分析.采用所建立的方法对广西红树林湿地土壤样品进行了检测,结果显示,湿地土壤样品中Cl/Br-PAHs的总含量范围为163.24~244.45ng/g dw.

改良QuEChERS方法结合高效液相色谱测定土壤中两种甲氧基丙烯酸酯类农药

旨在建立新疆、内蒙、黑龙江3种不同类型土壤中醚菌酯和吡唑醚菌酯含量的高效液相色谱法。采用改良的QuEChERS方法结合高效液相色谱,对样品中的吡唑醚菌酯及醚菌酯进行分离,外标法定量。结果表明:该方法在0.3~10.0 mg/L浓度范围内,线性关系良好,线性相关系数R2均大于0.9999,在不同添加水平下,吡唑醚菌酯与醚菌酯在新疆灰漠土中的平均回收率分别为98.03%~102.32%、100.33%~107.18%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.46%~0.87%、0.94%~1.67%;在黑龙江黑钙土中的平均回收率分别为100.40%~104.32%、90.83%~101.33%,RSD分别为0.47%~2.78%、1.35%~1.69%;在内蒙棕钙土中的平均回收率分别为100.04%~107.40%、96.90%~98.86%,RSD分别为0.77%~1.41%、1.08%~1.57%。该方法准确度和精密度符合农药残留分析的要求,适用于几种类型土壤中吡唑醚菌酯及醚菌酯含量的测定。

QuEChERS-气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中5种氨基甲酸酯农药残留

建立QuEChERS-GC/MS法测定土壤中5种氨基甲酸酯农药残留的方法。实验结果表明,5种氨基甲酸酯农药标准曲线在5.00~400μg·L^(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995,加标回收率在88.7%~105.5%之间,相对标准偏差为1.86%~4.08%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度好、测试高效准确,可用于土壤中多种痕量氨基甲酸酯农药残留的测定。

土壤中辛硫磷和高效氯氟氰菊酯残留量的高效液相色谱分析

从土壤中超声提取辛硫磷和高效氯氟氰菊酯,并采用高效液相色谱法检测其残留量.用乙腈-水(体积比4∶1)作为提取剂,对土壤样品进行超声萃取,提取液经弗罗里硅土小柱净化后,采用反相高效液相色谱法进行残留量测定.使用SynergiTMPolar-RP 80?(250 mm×4.6 mm, 4μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水(体积比80∶20)为流动相,紫外检测波长为225 nm.结果表明:辛硫磷与高效氯氟氰菊酯的萃取率均高于92%.辛硫磷浓度在0.6~5.4μg/mL范围内和峰面积线性关系良好,线性回归方程A=25.108ρ+45.008,r=0.998 9;高效氯氟氰菊酯浓度在0.4~3.6μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,线性回归方程A=48.835ρ+56.574,r=0.999 0.该方法简单、快速、准确度高、精密度好,能满足土壤中辛硫磷和高效氯氟氰菊酯残留量的检测要求.

液相色谱-离子色谱联用体系同时测定环境基质中的6种硝基芳烃类化合物和3种阴离子

同时测定环境土壤和水基质中的硝基芳烃类化合物和阴离子对于选择合适的硝基芳烃类化合物降解方法和实现地表水水质监测具有重要意义。本文通过两个六通阀和一根富集柱将高效液相色谱和离子色谱连接,搭建了色谱联用体系。系统操作可分为4个阶段:(A)样品加载到定量环;(B)分离硝基芳烃类化合物和阴离子;(C)阴离子在AG20柱中富集;(D)高效液相色谱和离子色谱分别测定硝基芳烃类化合物和阴离子。通过将液相色谱柱直接连接电导率检测器,确定阴离子流出液相色谱柱的时间,优化六通阀的切换时间,保证方法的准确性。在最优条件下,阴离子的检出限为0.005~0.020 mg/L,硝基芳烃类化合物的检出限为0.043~0.150 mg/L。3组不同加标浓度样品的平均回收率为88.20%~105.38%,相对标准偏差为2.0%~11.5%。该方法被用于检测5份地表水样品和5份土壤样品,硝基芳烃类化合物均未检出,3种阴离子在地表水样品中的检出量为0.41~55.3 mg/L,在土壤样品中的检出量为0.56~30.2 mg/kg。经过方法学验证和实际样品检测,证明该色谱联用体系检测方法自动化程度高,操作简单,重复性好,准确度高,具有广泛的适用性和较高的灵敏度,适用于环境基质中硝基芳烃类有机物和亚硝酸根离子等阴离子含量的快速测定。

液相色谱法测定土壤中的丙烯酸

选取3种不同类型的土壤样品,分别考察了提取方式、提取时长、提取温度和提取液固比对土壤中丙烯酸提取效率的影响,优化了提取条件,建立了土壤中丙烯酸的检测方法。研究表明,用纯水作为提取剂对土壤中的丙烯酸按照液固比5∶1进行提取,采用液相色谱法测定,该检测方法的线性良好,相关系数达到0.9993。当称样量为10.0 g时,该方法检出限为0.2 mg·kg^(-1);对不同类型的土壤进行低、中、高浓度加标,丙烯酸的加标回收率在96.3%~107.0%;重复测定6组样品,其精密度相对标准偏差为1.2%~4.9%。将该方法用于造纸污染场地丙烯酸的检测,检出浓度范围为8.9~12.2 mg·kg^(-1),证明该方法适用于土壤中丙烯酸的检测。